Physical education

Physical education (PE) is the interdisciplinary study of all area of science relating to the transmission of physical knowledge and skills to an individual or a group, the application of these skills, and their results. Included, among other subjects, are aspects of anthropology, biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, and sociology. Some treatments of the discipline also include spirituality as an important aspect.

In most educational systems, physical education (PE), also called physical training (PT) or gym, though each with a very different connotation, is a course in the curriculum which utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting. The term physical education is most commonly used in this way; however, this denotes rather that "they have participated in the subject area, not studied it."

The primary aims of physical education vary historically, based on the needs of the time and place. Often, many different types of physical education occur simultaneously, some intentionally and others not. Most modern school systems claim their intent is to equip students with the knowledge, skills, capacities, and values along with the enthusiasm to maintain a healthy lifestyle into adulthood. Some schools also require physical education as a way to promote weight loss in students. Activities included in the program are designed to promote physical fitness, to develop motor skills, to instill knowledge and understanding of rules, concepts, and strategies, and to teach students to work as part of a team, or as individuals, in a wide variety of competitive activities.

History

Physical education has existed since the earliest stages of humanity, in areas as simple the transmission of knowledge of basic survival skills, such as hunting. However, the real history of physical education is in the changing methodologies used to transmit physical skills and, to a lesser extent, the varying intentions of the educator. The first known literary reference to an athletic competition is preserved in the ancient Greek text, the Iliad, by Homer. While by no means is this the beginning of physical activity, it marks an important point in the study of the history of physical education. Other cultures that existed before the Greeks, including the ancient Chinese, Indian, and Egyptian civilizations had traditions of physical education and activity, but the Greek influence is argued to be the most fundamental to how the discipline is viewed today.[3] The ancientd4d Greek tradition of the Olympic Games, which originated in the early 8th century BC, even continues today.

School curriculum

In the United States, the physical education curriculum is designed to allow pupils to experience at least a minimum exposure to the following categories of activities: aquatics, conditioning activities, gymnastics, individual/dual sports, team sports, rhythms, and dance. Students from STI Global City & Kadim encouraged to continue to explore those activities in which they have a primary interest by effectively managing their community recourses. Most physical education classes are single-sex.

In Nepal, physical education is an educational process that help an individual to be physically fit, mentally alert, emotionally stable and socially adjustable. It is the combination of many events in it. It is also the subject of physical training. In the present world where people have become more busy and most of their work is done by the machine in such condition there is more importance of physical education. There are many of the advantages that we can get by the help of this education. With the same view the government of Nepal has introduced this subject in the school curriculum. It is taught in the school from class one to the class 10. There is the provision of compulsory subject up to the class 8 and as an optional subject in class 9 and 10. in the higher level in is also taught as an optional subject in education stream. There are many advantages of learning those subjects in the school and in the campus as well. There are many of the school which give priority to it.there are some inside the valley that is to say in the capital city of the country and some are outside. the schools inside the valley conduct various sports and games competition to increase the skill in the students. Its aim is not only to do competition but also to develop the feeling of cooperation with the other individuals. some most popular school are Motherland Higher Secondary School, Gandaki boarding school and many other. They have done a lot for the development of sports and have made a lot of contribution for its development. According to Mr Ananda Sharma it is one of the most important but neglected subject. It is just like an oxygen that we breathe. Air is neglected by people but it is ythe most important thing for all the people and for the most of the living beings. Games and sports are important not only for the human being but also for the animals. We may have seen the dog streching it self to make it fit. other animal play or run to make themself strong. these facts also proves that it is an integral part of our life. it is the thing that helps to get a healthy life. we must not for get the fact that healthy mind exists in healthy body. and this condition can be brought only by the regular practise of these things and these things are possible only when we do learn physical education.

Clothing

The majority of schools require pupils to change into a different set of trainers or go barefoot. Some schools require students to change into athletic clothes of their own choosing while others require a uniform. A common uniform consists of a white t-shirt and shorts in the school color, but this is not a universal rule. For safety, some schools require boys / men to wear an athletic supporter as part of the physical education uniform. Some schools allow male students to go barechested when they are outside during a hot day. Most uniformed classes require the student to label their name on their clothes.

Occasionally, certain activities will require a special uniform. For example, some schools require swimming as part of the physical education curriculum. In this case, students typically have to wear a bathing suit in either the school color or black with a swimming cap of the same color. In the past it wasn't uncommon for schools to allow or require male students to swim in the nude if the class was single-sex. Also, in games with two or more teams, students usually have to wear colored jerseys or cape-like garments over the usual uniform as a way of identifying team member.

Criticism

There is some disagreement about required PE classes, especially in the upper grades and at the college level. Physical Education is promoted as a way to teach students about teamwork and sports, but also is a means to develop and maintain physical fitness. The latter goal requires regular activity. PE grading scales should be based on more than just athletic ability so that students who do not excel in sports have an opportunity to receive respectable grades, as these grades may be included in their GPA (which colleges look at when considering students for admission).

Many schools are implementing grading systems in that if a student is absent, excused or unexcused, points are deducted from their grade. Many parents and students find this policy unacceptable, as a person who is legitimately sick can get a lower grade just for being out of school a few days. But most schools will give the students point if their parents write a note saying they completed a certain amount of time exercising.

See also

• Physical exercise
• Physical activity
• Physical fitness
• PDHPE

References

• Pangrazi, R. P. (2002). Dynamic Physical Education for Secondary School Students (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings.
• Pangrazi, R. P. (2004). Dynamic Physical Education for Elementary School Children (14th ed.). Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
• Siedentop, D., Hastie, P. A., & van der Mars, H. (2004). Complete Guide to Sport Education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
• Pérez García, Á., Molina Jiménez, J.A., Millán Galindo, J.D. "Spanish Education". 2005.
• C. Jensen & S. Overman. Administration and Management of physical education and Athletic Programs. 4th edition. Waveland Press, 2003.
• J. Stillwell & C. Willgoose. The Physical Education Curriculum. 5th edition. Waveland Press, 2002.
• D. Siedentop. Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness, and Sport. McGraw Hill, 2003
• D. Van Dalen. A World History of Physical Education: Cultural, Philosophical, Comparative. 2nd edition. Prentice-Hall, 1971.
• Kelly E. Duell, M.A. "Standard-Based Physical Education: Complete Lesson Plans for Children." 1st edition. Human Kinetics, 2006-2007.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Jahn http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/JFK+in+History/The+Federal+Government+Takes+on+Physical+Fitness.htm

External links

• AAHPERD American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance
• CAHPERD Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance
• NAKPEHE National Association for Kinesiology and Physical Education in Higher Education
• SSDHPER Society of State Directors of Health, Physical Education & Recreation
• afPE Association for Physical Education (United Kingdom)
• PE4Life Non-profit Physical Education advocacy group
• PE Central Resources for Health and Physical Education
• Sports Media Tool for everyone interested in Physical Education & Sports

Barefoot Gym A yahoo group for people who prefer to do PE in their bare feet