Southwestern corn borer
| Southwestern corn borer | |
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| File:5361228 - Photographer Frank Peairs, Colorado State University Southwestern Corn borer.jpg | |
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| Species: | D. grandiosella
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| Binomial name | |
| Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, 1911
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The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, is a moth belonging to the sub-order Heterocera. It is capable of entering diapause [1][2] under conditions of a very specific of a photoperiod.[3] Growth and development are regulated by juvenile hormones.[4]
It remains a serious agricultural pest of corn (maize).
Infestation is sometimes controlled by the use of pheromone lures.[5] The practice of carefully timed planting dates, use of early maturing varieties, and the destruction of crop residues are well-established methods for suppressing populations of borer on many crops. [6].Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium, is often applied as a pesticide.[7] Chemical pesticides continue to be used for infestation control. [8] Efforts have been underway to breed strains of corn (maize) that are resistant to the Southwestern corn borer. The USDA has documented an increase in corn production when genetically engineered corn, resistant to corn borers, was grown in place of non-genetically engineered corn.[9]
Nocturnal insectivores often feed on moths; these include some bats, some species of owls and other species of birds. Moths are also eaten by some species of lizards, cats, dogs, rodents, and some bears. Moth larvae are vulnerable to being parasitized by Ichneumonidae.
References
- ^ The Insects; Structure and Function, 4th Edition. R.F. Chapman, Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN 0521 57048, p 403.
- ^ Bulletin of Entomological Research (1976), 66:75-79 Cambridge University Press, Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976, Diapause of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae): effects of a juvenile hormone mimic: G. M. Chippendalea1 and C.-M. Yina1a1, Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, U.S.A.
- ^ Phenological adaptations of a colonizing insect: The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, Journal Oecologia, henological adaptations of a colonizing insect: The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Journal Oecologia Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, ISSN 0029-8549 (Print) 1432-1939 Issue Volume 53, Number 3 / June, 1982 DOI 10.1007/BF00389019.
- ^ Juvenile hormone regulation of the larval diapause of the Southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella. C.-M. Yina and G.M. Chippendale. Journal of Insect Physiology Volume 19, Issue 12, December 1973, Pages 2403-2420
- ^ http://www.arbico-organics.com/1230044.html
- ^ G. Michael Chippendale1, Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata; Publisher:Springer Netherlands, ISSN 0013-8703 (Print) 1570-7458 (Online)Issue Volume 31, Number 1 / March, 1982, Pages 24-35, Friday, December 05, 200865211 Columbia, Missouri
- ^ ^ Aronson AI, Shai Y (2001). "Why Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins are so effective: unique features of their mode of action". FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 195 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10489.x. PMID 11166987.
- ^ The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States. Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo and Margriet Caswell,United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Electronic Report Economic Information Bulletin, Number 11 April 2006.
- ^ The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States. Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo and Margriet Caswell,United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Electronic Report Economic Information Bulletin, Number 11 April 2006.p.6
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