Crambidae

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Crambidae
Purple moth (Pyrausta purpuralis)

Purple moth ( Pyrausta purpuralis )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Subordination : Glossata
Superfamily : Common moth (Pyraloidea)
Family : Crambidae
Scientific name
Crambidae
Latreille , 1810
Thisanotia chrysonuchella

The Crambidae , also called the proboscis by some authors , are a family of butterflies . Around 10,200 species of them are known worldwide to date. Most species have their distribution in tropical regions, while in Europe only 529 species occur.

features

The animals are distinguished from the moths (Pyralidae) by the "open" shape of the tympanic organs with a wide anteromedial opening, male genitals without uncus arms and the absence of a sclerotized ring around the base of the Seta SD1 in abdominal segment 8 . The labial palps are almost always tripartite, the maxillary palps three to four-limbed, sometimes reduced or absent. The proboscis is usually well developed, but reduced in some groups. The compound eyes are usually well developed, but sometimes reduced in diurnal species and then often with an adjacent unscaled surface. The legs are often long and slender, and in males they are often equipped with androconia tufts. The coupling mechanism between the fore and hind wings is ensured in males by a single frenulum bristle, in females usually by two or more frenulum bristles. The uncus of the male genitalia is multifaceted and can be beak-like, rounded, distally widened or split, or reduced. The Gnathos often has a central, posteriorly aligned structure, but is largely reduced or absent in some groups. The base of the male genitalia often has a pair of weak to strong androconia tufts.

Way of life

Within the family, as in the other family of the Pyraloidea , the borer, a multitude of different ways of life is observed. In addition to the usual storage pests and leaf eaters, these also include groups whose caterpillars have an aquatic way of life. The Crambidae also includes many stem-boring and root-eating caterpillars, as well as caterpillars that feed on or in flowers and fruits.

Systematics

Currently the family is divided into 14 subfamilies, 11 of which also have representatives in Central Europe.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c GlobIZ - Global Information System Zünslerfalter Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , last accessed: May 15, 2019. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pyraloidea.org
  2. ^ A b Munroe, EG & Solis, MA (1998) "The Pyraloidea". Pp. 233-256. In: Kristensen, NP, “Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, systematics, and biogeography ”. In: M. Fischer (ed.), “Handbook of Zoology. Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 35 “, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
  3. ↑ Musotima nitidalis in the Lepiforum http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Musotima_Nitidalis

literature

  • B. Goater, M. Nuss, W. Speidel: Pyraloidea I (Crambidae: Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae) . - In: P. Huemer & O. Karsholt (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe 4: 1–304. (2005)
  • František Slamka: The common moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe: determination - distribution - flight area - way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition 112 pp., Bratislava 1997, ISBN 80-967540-2-5
  • MA Solis, KVN Maes (2003): Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the subfamilies of Crambidae (Pyraloidea Lepidoptera). Belgian Journal of Entomology, Bruxelles 4 (2002) (2): 53-95.

Web links

Commons : Crambidae  - collection of images, videos and audio files