Fort Mason (Texas)
Fort Mason was established July 6, 1851 in what later became Mason County. It was named in honor of Lieut. George Thomson Mason, United States Army Second Lieutenant killed in the Thornton Affair during the Mexican–American War near Brownsville, April 25, 1846. At various times from 1856 to 1861 this was the home fort for Albert Sidney Johnston, George H. Thomas, Earl Van Dorn and Robert E. Lee. The fort was abandoned by the military in the 1870's, and restored by a group of local citizens in 1975.
History
Fort Mason, Texas was was established by the United States War Department as a front-line defense against Kiowa, Lipan Apache and Comanche, on July 6, 1951. The site on Post Oak Hill near Comanche and Centennial creeks was chosen by Lieutenant Colonel William J. Hardee and surveyor Richard Austin Howard.[1] Bvt. Maj. Hamilton W. Merrill, [2] along with companies A and B of the Second Dragoons, established the fort itself. Originally part of Gillespie County, Mason County was named for the fort when it was established in 1858.[3]
The fort was closed in January 1854. It was reoccupied in 1856 by Company A, First Dragoons, from March to May and was occupied by companies B, C, D, G, H, and I of the Second United States Cavalry from January 14, 1856, with Col. Albert Sidney Johnston in command. Among those stationed at Fort Mason before the Civil War, George H. Thomas and Philip St. George Cooke became generals for the Union Army, while those who became generals for the Confederate States Army included Earl Van Dorn, Fitzhugh Lee, E. Kirby Smith, Robert E. Lee, John Bell Hood, William J. Hardee.
Fort Mason was Robert E. Lee's last command with the United States Army.[4] In a letter home on January 23, 1861, Lee wrote:[5]
I can anticipate no greater calamity for the country than a dissolution of the union. Session is nothing but revolution.
Fort Mason was evacuated by Federal troops, March 29, 1861 and reoccupied after the Civil War until 1869.
Confederacy
The Confederate States Army took control of Fort Mason on March 29, 1861. In 1862, the CSA held 215 men prisoner, who were transferred to Austin in 1862.[6]
United States Army reoccupation
The United States Army reoccupied the fort on December 24, 1866. under the command of General John Porter Hatch.[7] During this period, the fort was renovated with both civilian and military labor. Indian depredations had increased during the Civil War and were worse when the Army returned. The lawlessness of the Reconstruction era of the United States through the military personnel, many of who deserted or were subjected to military discipline. The last inspection of the fort occurred on January 13, 1869, listing twenty-five buildings, deserted or in poor shape, and sixty-nine soldiers. The order to close the fort was carried out on March 23, 1869. During 1870 the state of Texas organized several companies of frontier forces. Fort Mason was reopened in September of that year as headquarters for Companies A and B, Frontier Forces. Capt. James M. Hunter, later county judge of Mason County, was in command for most of that year. During the next year the forces were disbanded or moved, and for the last time the fort was closed.[8]
Restoration
Mason citizens recycled material from the fort when building there own homes. A restoration of the fort began in 1875. Today, the fort belongs to the Mason County Historical Society. Named a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1936.[9]
References
- ^ Downing, Charles D. "Richard Austin Howard". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Bierschwale, Margaret. "Hamilton Wilcox Merrill". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help) - ^ Rhoades, Alice J. "Mason County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ "Texas Forts Trails". Texas Monthly: 72. 1991.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Inscoe, John C (2004). Enemies of the Country: New Perspectives on Unionists in the Civil War South. University of Georgia Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0820326603.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "Texas Escapes-Fort Mason, Texas". Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ Rocap, Pember W. "John Porter Hatch". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Associatio. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ^ DeVos, Julius E. "TSHA-Fort Mason, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help) - ^ "Site of Fort Mason, Mason County, Texas". William Nienke, Sam Morrow. Retrieved 24 November 2010.