Object identifier
In computing, an object identifiers or OIDs are an identifier mechanism standardized by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and ISO/IEC for naming any object, concept, or "thing" with a globally unambiguous persistent name.
An OID corresponds to a node in the "OID tree" or hierarchy, which is formally defined using the ITU's ASN.1 standard, X.690. Successive numbers of the nodes, starting at the root of the tree, identify each node in the tree. The root of the tree contains the following three arcs:
Each node in the tree is represented by the series of identifiers leading from the root of the tree to the node, separated by periods. Thus, an OID denoting Intel Corporation appears as follows,
1.3.6.1.4.1.343
and corresponds to the following path through the OID tree:
- 1 ISO
- 1.3 identified-organization,
- 1.3.6 dod,
- 1.3.6.1 internet,
- 1.3.6.1.4 private,
- 1.3.6.1.4.1 IANA enterprise numbers,
- 1.3.6.1.4.1.343 Intel Corporation
Each node in the tree is controlled by a single authority. Continuing with the example, the node numbers under root node "1" are assigned by ISO; the nodes under "1.3.6" are assigned by the US Department of Defense; the nodes under "1.3.6.1.4.1" are assigned by IANA; the nodes under "1.3.6.1.4.1.343" are assigned by Intel Corporation, and so forth.
Usage
- In computer security, OIDs serve to name almost every object type in X.509 certificates, such as components of Distinguished Names, CPSs, etc.
- Within X.500 and LDAP schemas and protocols, OIDs uniquely name each attribute type and object class, and other elements of schema.
- In Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), each node in a Management Information Base (MIB) is identified by an OID.
- IANA assigns Private Enterprise Numbers (PEN) to companies and other organizations under the 1.3.6.1.4.1 node. OIDs down-tree from these are among the most commonly seen; for example, within SNMP MIBs, as LDAP attributes, and as vendor suboptions in the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
- In the United States, Health Level Seven (HL7), a standards-developing organization in the area of electronic health care data exchange, is the assigning authority at the 2.16.840.1.113883 (joint-iso-itu-t.country.us.organization.hl7) node. HL7 maintains its own OID registry, and as of January 1, 2008 it contained almost 3,000 nodes, most of them under the HL7 root.
- DICOM uses OIDs.
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses OIDs to manage the many complex values sets or "vocabularies" used in the Public Health Information Network (PHIN) Vocabulary Access and Distribution System (VADS).
- In Microsoft's COM and DCOM, OBJREFs have an object identifier (OID) field.
See also
- Digital object identifier
- LSID
- International Geo Sample Number
- Surrogate key
- Extended Validation Certificate
- Universally Unique Identifier
- Uniform Resource Name
- Persistent Object Identifier
References
This article is based on material taken from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.