Azadirachta indica and Sagara Sanosuke: Difference between pages

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{{Copyedit|date=October 2008}}
{{Taxobox
{{Infobox animanga character
| name = ''Azadirachta indica''
| name = Sagara Sanosuke
| image = Neemtree.jpg
| series = [[Rurouni Kenshin]]
| image_width = 240px
| image = [[Image:Wikisano.jpg|200px|middle]]
| image_caption = '''''Azadirachta indica'''''
| caption = Sagara Sanosuke by [[Nobuhiro Watsuki]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| first = ''Rurouni Kenshin'' manga chapter 5 <br /> ''Rurouni Kenshin'' anime episode 4
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| last =
| ordo = [[Sapindales]]
| creator =
| familia = [[Meliaceae]]
| voiced by = '''Japanese''' <br>[[Yūji Ueda]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id=384|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Yūji Ueda|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref> <br> [[Yuriko Fuchizaki]] (child)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id=300|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Yuriko Fuchizaki|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref> <br>[[Tomokazu Seki]] ([[Radio drama in Japan|drama CD]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id=529|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Tomokazu Seki|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref> <br>'''English'''<br> [[Lex Lang]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id=1143|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Lex Lang|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref><br> [[Brianne Siddall]] (child)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id=2256|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Brianne Siddall|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref> <br>[[Gray G. Haddock]] ([[Original video animation|OVAs]] and movie)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id=6375|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|title=Gray G. Haddock|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref><br>
| genus = ''[[Azadirachta]]''
| age = 19<ref name="age">{{cite book |title= 剣心華伝|year=1999|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Shueisha]]|page=p. 165|isbn= 4-08-782037-8}}</ref>
| species = '''''A. indica'''''
| gender =
| binomial = ''Azadirachta indica''
| born = February 1860<ref name="age"/>
| binomial_authority =
| death =
| occupation = Former fighter-for-hire
}}
}}
{{nihongo|'''Sagara Sanosuke'''|相楽 左之助}} is a [[fictional character]] from the ''[[Rurouni Kenshin]]'' [[anime]] and [[manga]] series created by [[Nobuhiro Watsuki]]. He is known as '''Sanosuke Sagara''' in the English adaptation of the anime and is nicknamed '''Sano'''. Watsuki, being a fan of the [[Shinsengumi]], created Sanosuke by basing his name and characteristics on that of a real Shinsengumi member named [[Harada Sanosuke]].
'''Neem''' ('''''Azadirachta indica''''', [[synonymy|syn.]] ''Melia azadirachta'' L., ''Antelaea azadirachta'' (L.) Adelb.) is a [[tree]] in the mahogany family [[Meliaceae]]. It is one of two species in the genus '''''[[Azadirachta]]''''', and is native to [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], [[Myanmar]], and [[Pakistan]] growing in [[tropical]] and semi-tropical regions. Other vernacular names include ''Azad Dirakht'' ([[Persian language|Persian]]), DogonYaro ([[Nigerian]]), Margosa, Neeb ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]), Nimtree, Nimba ([[Sanskrit]]), Vepu, Vempu, Vepa ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]), Bevu in [[Kannada language|Kannada]], Veppam in ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]),arya veppu in malayalam and Indian-lilac. In East Africa it is also known as ''Mwarobaini'' ([[Swahili]]), which means ''the tree of the 40''; it's said to treat 40 different diseases.


Set during a fictional version of Japan during the pre-[[Meiji period]], Sanosuke is a former member of the [[Sekihotai]]. When the group is destroyed by the [[Government of Meiji Japan|Meiji Government]], he becomes a fighter-for-hire to calm his anger by fighting. During his introduction in the series he encounters the wanderer [[Himura Kenshin]], who easily defeats him and is able to convince him to stop his mercenary work and instead start protecting people. After that encounter, Sanosuke becomes Kenshin's best friend, as well as his partner in most of their fights. He has also appeared in the featured film of the series and other media relating to the franchise, including a plethora of electronic games and [[original video animation]]s.
Neem is a fast-growing [[tree]] that can reach a height of 15-20 m (about 50-65 feet), rarely to 35-40 m (115-131 ft.). It is [[evergreen]] but under severe [[drought]] it may shed most or nearly all of its leaves. The branches are wide spread. The fairly dense crown is roundish or oval and may reach the diameter of 15-20 m in old, free-standing specimens.


Numerous anime and manga publications have commented on Sanosuke's character. Mania Entertainment praised his character development, noting that he becomes more trustworthy and reliable as the series progresses.<ref name="friend">{{cite web|url= http://www.mania.com/rurouni-kenshin-vol06_article_81696.html |title= Mania.com Review: Rurouni Kenshin volume 6 |date= 2002-01-22 |accessdate= 2008-01-25 | publisher= Mania Entertainment | author=Lavey, Megan }}</ref> [[Sci Fi Channel (United States)#SciFi.com|SciFi.com]] referred to him as a "video-game icon", and noted how he is portrayed as a "tragic figure".<ref name="human">{{cite web|url= http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue181/anime.html|title=Rurouni Kenshin TV The first steps down a very popular road|author=Robinson, Tasha|publisher=[[Sci Fi Channel (United States)#SciFi.com|SciFi.com]] |accessdate= 2008-05-01}}</ref> Sanosuke has been highly popular with the ''Rurouni Kenshin'' reader base, placing second in every popularity poll. Merchandise based on Sanosuke has also been released, including [[Keychain|key chains]], and [[plush|plush dolls]].
The trunk is relatively short, straight and may reach a diameter of 1.2 m. The bark is hard, fissured or scaly, and whitish-grey to reddish-brown. The sapwood is greyish-white and the heartwood reddish when first exposed to the air becoming reddish-brown after exposure. The root system consists of a strong taproot and well developed lateral roots.


==Creation and conception==
The alternate, [[pinnate]] leaves are 20-40 cm long, with 20-31 medium to dark green leaflets about 3-8 cm long. The terminal leaflet is often missing. The [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]s are short. Very young leaves are reddish to purplish in colour. The shape of mature leaflets is more or less asymmetric and their margins are dentate with the exception of the base of their basiscopal half, which is normally very strongly reduced and cuneate.
[[Image:Sanoredesign.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Redesign of Sanosuke in the ''[[Tankōbon#Aizōban and kanzenban|kanzenban]]'' series.]]


Sanosuke was one of the last major figures of the series to be created. Watsuki created him to be Kenshin's best friend, who will punch when he may be in a sad state to make him "wake up" from a sad condition. Although Sanosuke is a main character in the series, Watsuki felt that he could not write everything he wanted about him, and thought that making him the title character of a series would be interesting.<ref name="WatsukiInterview">{{cite web |url=http://www.animeondvd.com/conitem.php?item=190 |title=Anime Expo 2002: Friday Report |first=Andrew |last=Tei |date= |publisher=Mania Entertainment |accessdate=2008-05-08 }}</ref>
[[Image:Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves & flowers in Kolkata W IMG 6199.jpg|left|thumb| leaves & flowers in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. ]]The [[flower]]s (white and fragrant) are arranged axillary, normally more-or-less drooping [[panicle]]s which are up to 25 cm long. The [[inflorescence]]s, which branch up to the third degree, bear 150-250 flowers. An individual flower is 5-6 mm long and 8-11 mm wide. [[Protantrism|Protandrous,]] bisexual flowers and male flowers exist on the same individual (polygamous). [[Image:GntNeemTree.jpg|right|thumb|180px|A Neem Blossom at [[Guntur]], [[India]]]]


Watsuki describes Sanosuke's visual motif by referring to his design model, Lamp, the main character of [[Takeshi Obata]]'s ''Mashin Bōken Tan Lamp-Lamp''. Watsuki, as an assistant on Obata's manga, formed the character by doodling in sketchbooks and adding and subtracting elements from the proposed character "with blessings from the original artist, of course". Watsuki saw [[Shiba Ryōtarō]]'s version of Harada was the one he wanted to use as a model for his design remarks his big spiky hair as the strangest thing he has ever drawn.<ref name="form">{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 2 |last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=The Secret Life of Characters (6) Sagara Sanosuke|year=2003|page= p. 48|isbn= 1-59116-249-1 }}</ref>
The [[fruit]] is a glabrous olive-like [[drupe]] which varies in shape from elongate oval to nearly roundish, and when ripe are 1.4-2.8 x 1.0-1.5 cm. The fruit skin (exocarp) is thin and the bitter-sweet pulp (mesocarp) is yellowish-white and very fibrous. The mesocarp is 0.3-0.5 cm thick. The white, hard inner shell (endocarp) of the fruit encloses one, rarely two or three, elongated [[seed]]s (kernels) having a brown seed coat.


In July 2006, the Japanese publishers of ''Rurouni Kenshin'' released the ''[[Tankōbon#Aizōban and kanzenban|kanzenban]]'' edition. In the fifth ''kanzenban'', Watsuki redesigned the character of Sanosuke in a draft. To emphasize his hate of the Meiji Government, Watsuki drew the Japanese kanji for {{nihongo|"evil"|惡|aku}} on the back of Sanosuke's jacket; in the original series, the tattoo is located inside his clothes. Unlike in the manga when Sanosuke uses a [[zanbatō]] as a weapon, Watsuki gave him a sword notably larger in size. He also gave him an armor-like cloth to make him look more as a warrior.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin Kanzenban, Volume 5 |year= 2006|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Shueisha]] |page=p. 2|isbn=4-08-874154-4 }}</ref>
Commercial plantations of the trees are not considered profitable. Around 50,000 neem trees have been planted near [[Mecca]] to provide shelter for the [[pilgrims]].<ref>S. Ganguli (2002) [http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jun102002/1303.pdf Neem: A therapeutic for all seasons], ''Current Science'', Vol. 82, No. 11, June. pp. 1304</ref>


In the anime adaptation of ''Rurouni Kenshin'', Watsuki's designs were combined with the voice talents of [[Yūji Ueda]], a ''[[seiyū]]''. In producing the English dub version of the series, [[Media Blasters]] chose [[Lex Lang]] as Sanosuke's [[Voice acting|voice actor]]. When writing Sanosuke's dialogue, Clark Cheng, the writer of the English dub script, noted that the character was smarter than how he would have liked in the first few episodes, and tried to slowly dumb him to make him more similar to the Japanese version of the series.<ref name="ChengInterview">{{cite web |url=http://www.dubreview.com/ki_cc.php |title=Interview with Clark Cheng |publisher=Dub Review |year=2003 |month=November |accessdate=2008-05-07 }}</ref>
The neem tree is very similar in appearance to the [[Chinaberry]], all parts of which are extremely poisonous. [[Image:GntNeemFlowers.jpg|right|thumb|180px|Neem flowers in closeup]]


== Ecology ==
==Character outline==
===Personality===
The neem is a tree noted for its drought resistance. Normally it thrives in areas with sub-arid to sub-humid conditions, with an annual rainfall between 400 and 1200 mm. It can grow in regions with an annual rainfall below 400 mm, but in such cases it depends largely on the ground water levels. Neem can grow in many different types of [[soil]], but it thrives best on well drained deep and sandy soils . It is a typical tropical/subtropical tree and exists at annual mean temperatures between 21-32 °C. It can tolerate high to very high temperatures. It does not tolerate temperature below 4 °C .
After the destruction of the Sekihotai, Sanosuke feels hatred towards the Meiji Government and begins wearing the Japanese kanji for {{nihongo|"evil"|惡|aku}} on the back of his jacket. He bears this symbol as a mark of his loyalty towards his past in the Sekihotai, but it also serves as a reminder to defend innocent people who have been wronged so other persons can avoid the same suffering he experienced.<ref name="new">{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 9|year=2004|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 105|page=p. 137|isbn= 978-1591166696 }}</ref> Sanosuke's influence on other characters is seen when they place the same symbol of the Japanese kanji on their backs, as does his younger brother Higashidani Ota.<ref name="return">{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 26|year=2006|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 234|page=|isbn= 1-4215-0673-4 }}</ref> [[Myōjin Yahiko]] wears a smaller version of the kanji when he comes of age at the end of the manga.<ref name="kanji">{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 28|year=2006|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 254|page=|isbn= 978-1421506753 }}</ref>
Neem is a life giving tree in ,especially for the dry coastal southern districts. It is one of the very few shade giving trees that thrive in the drought prone areas. The trees are not at all delicate about the water quality and thrive on the merest trickle of water, whatever the quality be. In Tamil Nadu it is very common to see neem trees used as shade giving trees lining the streets or in most people's back yards. In very dry areas like Sivakasi, the trees are planted in large tracts of land, in whose shade fireworks factories function.


Despite hating the Meiji Government, Sanosuke becomes Kenshin's best friend and sees him as a gentle person. Sanosuke compares Kenshin to his former captain who he admires, Sagara Sōzō. Although Sanosuke may punch him occasionally for not letting him to fight,<ref name="pal">{{cite book |year=2003|title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 2|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 8|isbn= 1-59116-249-1 }}</ref> Kenshin notes that that makes him his most reliable friend due to the fact he always wants to help.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 13|year=2003|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 105|page=p. 47|isbn= 1-59116-713-2 }}</ref> He also forms friendly relationships with other main characters, notably with doctor [[Takani Megumi]]. Because Sanosuke is injured several times throughout the series, Megumi usually takes care of him and warns him about the dangers of fighting.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 18 |year=2005|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 153|page=p. 30|isbn= 978-1591169598 }}</ref>
== Chemical compounds ==
The active principles of the plant were brought to the attention of scientists in 1942 when Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, while working at the Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratory at Delhi University, for the first time extracted three bitter compounds from neem oil, which he provisionally named as '''nimbin''', '''nimbinin''', and '''nimbidin''' respectively. The seeds contain an extremely complex secondary metabolite [[azadirachtin]].


Sanosuke enjoys fighting and always seeks strong opponents to test his strength, even if the opponent is a friend. <ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 1 |year=2003|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 5|isbn= 1-59116-220-3 }}</ref> As a result, Sanosuke starts admiring several fighters throughout the series, referring to them as "invincible" and showing them respect regardless of their morality.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 22 |year=2006|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 193|isbn= 978-1421501963 }}</ref> He eventually starts a rivalry with the former Shinsengumi member [[Saitō Hajime (Rurouni Kenshin)|Saitō Hajime]] when they fight in the start of the Kyoto arc.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 8 |year=2004|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 59|isbn= 978-1591165637 }}</ref> Because of the fights he loses against him, Sanosuke sees Saitō as the person he has to surpass in order to become "really stronger".<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 18 |year=2005|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 150|page=p. 30|isbn= 978-1591169598 }}</ref>
==Usage==


===Techniques===
In India, the tree is variously known as "Divine Tree," "Heal All," "Nature's Drugstore," "Village Pharmacy" and "Panacea for all diseases." Products made from neem have proven medicinal properties, being anthelmintic, antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-infertility, and sedative. It is considered a major component in Ayurvedic medicine and is particularly prescribed for skin disease.
[[Image:Wikifutaenoki.jpg|thumb|Sanosuke performing the ''Futae no Kiwami'']]
* All parts of the tree (seeds, leaves, flowers and bark) are used for preparing many different medical preparations.
At the start of the series, Sanosuke utilizes an enormous zanbatō in battle, giving him the moniker {{nihongo|Zanza|斬左}}. The blade has no edge and Sanosuke only uses it to smash and crush his opponents.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 1 |last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher = [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 6|year=2003|page=p. 160|isbn= 1-59116-220-3 }}</ref> After being defeated by Kenshin, he stops using the zanbatō and decides to focus on using [[hand-to-hand combat]].<ref name="pal"/> After that, Sanosuke is introduced as Kenshin's most powerful ally, gaining his [[superhuman strength]] and [[List of comic book superpowers#Superhuman durability|toughness]] from the numerous battles he has experienced since the age of ten. During the Kyoto arc, Sanosuke learns the {{nihongo|''Futae no Kiwami''|二重の極み||lit. "Mastery of the Two Layers"}} technique from a fallen monk named [[List of Rurouni Kenshin villains#Yūkyūzan Anji|Yūkyūzan Anji]].<ref name="new"/> ''Futae no Kiwami'' is a special art in which the user performs two hits in quick succession with any part of his body. Sanosuke is only able to use it with his right hand; the first punch with the proximal interphalangeal joint neutralizes the hardness of the target, then the second blow strikes with the proximal phalanx and breaks the target before it recovers from the force of the first blow.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 9|year=2004|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 72|page=pp. 122-123|isbn= 978-1591166696 }}</ref> Sanosuke's right hand is severely damaged due to the overuse of this technique, and this becomes a major hindrance to his fighting ability during the Jinchū arc.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 19|year=2005|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 159|page=p. 13|isbn= 978-1591169277 }}</ref> He overcomes this disability by his discovery that the ''Futae no Kiwami'' can be performed using both hands in succession in order to lessen the impact to his damaged hand.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 27|year=2006|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 159|page=pp. 71-72|isbn= 978-1421506746 }}</ref>
* [[Neem oil]] is used for preparing cosmetics (soap, shampoo, balms and creams), and is useful for skin care such as acne treatment, and keeping skin elasticity.
* Besides its use in traditional Indian medicine the neem tree is of great importance for its anti-desertification properties and possibly as a good carbon dioxide sink.
* Practictioners of traditional Indian medicine recommend that patients suffering from chicken pox sleep on neem leaves.
* Neem gum is used as a bulking agent and for the preparation of special purpose food (those for diabetics).
* Aqueous extracts of neem leaves have demonstrated significant antidiabetic potential.
=== Horticultural usages ===


==Plot overview==
Neem is a source of environment-friendly biopesticides.. The unique feature of neem products is that they do not directly kill the pests, but alter the life-processing behavior in such a manner that the insect can no longer feed, breed or undergo metamorphosis. However, this does not mean that the plant extracts are harmful to all insects. Since, to be effective, the product has to be ingested, only the insects that feed on plant tissues succumb. Those that feed on nectar or other insects such as butterflies, bees, and ladybugs hardly accumulate significant concentrations of neem products.
Sanosuke leaves his family at an early age to join the Sekihotai.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 26 |year= 2006|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 229|page=|isbn= 1-4215-0673-4 }}</ref> Sanosuke admired their captain, [[List of Rurouni Kenshin characters#Sagara Sōzō|Sagara Sōzō]], and took the [[family name]] Sagara from him. When the revolutionary government encountered financial problems, they labeled the Sekihotai as frauds. The Sekihotai were executed, leaving Sanosuke as one of the few survivors. Having lost hope in his captain's dream of a new future, Sanosuke becomes a mercenary in [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{cite book |year=2003|title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 2|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 7|isbn= 1-59116-249-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |year=2003|title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 2|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 8|isbn= 1-59116-249-1 }}</ref> Over the next ten years, he gains a reputation as one of the strongest hired fighters of the city.<ref>{{cite book |year=2003|title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 1|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 6|isbn= 1-59116-249-1 }}</ref>


In the start of the series, Sanosuke is hired to kill Kenshin, but after the former assassin defeats him, he learns of the truth of Kenshin's no-kill approach and becomes one of his allies.<ref name="pal"/> When the criminal [[Shishio Makoto]] tries to conquer Japan, Sanosuke helps Kenshin the fight against him, and defeats the third most powerful opponent in his [[List of Rurouni Kenshin villains#The Juppongatana|army]]: Anji, the monk that taught Sanosuke the ''Futai no Kiwami'' technique.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 13|year=2005|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 111|isbn= 978-1591167136 }}</ref> Months later, in an act of revenge to Kenshin, [[Yukishiro Enishi]] fakes [[Kamiya Kaoru]]'s death. Sanosuke furiously leaves Tokyo after seeing Kenshin's sad attitude regarding this.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 24|year=2006|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 209|page=p. 56|isbn= 978-1421503387 }}</ref> In his wandering, he meets his family and attacks a former [[Shishi (organization)|Ishin Shishi]] who was mistreating them.<ref name="return"/> Soon after, he returns to Tokyo to rescue Kaoru with all his friends.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 26|year=2006|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |chapter=Chapter 236|page=|isbn= 1-4215-0673-4 }}</ref> After a successful rescue, Sanosuke leaves Japan and travels the world to avoid being arrested for attacking the Ishin Shishi.<ref name="kanji"/>
=== Uses in pest and disease control ===
Neem is deemed very effective in the treatment of scabies although only preliminary scientific proof exists which still has to be corroborated, and is recommended for those who are sensitive to permethrin, a known insecticide which might be an irritant. Also, the scabies mite has yet to become resistant to neem, so in persistent cases neem has been shown to be very effective. There is also anecdotal evidence of its effectiveness in treating infestations of head lice in humans. A tea made of boiled neem leaves, sometimes combined with other herbs such as ginger, can be ingested to fight intestinal worms.


==Appearances in other media==
The oil is also used in sprays against [[flea|fleas]] in cats and dogs.
In the film ''[[Rurouni Kenshin#Movie|Samurai X The Motion Picture]]'', Sanosuke helps to stop the samurai Takimi Shigure from overthrowing the Meiji Government as an act of revenge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=217|title=Samurai X: The Motion Picture|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=2008-02-06}}</ref> In the original video animations of the series, he is given a more humanized design and a more emotional personality. In ''[[Samurai X: Reflection]]'', an older Sanosuke discovers Kenshin gravely injured when he is travelling along Asia. He arranges for Kenshin's return to Tokyo and Kaoru, telling him that this is the last time they will ever meet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=310|title=Samurai X: Reflection (OAV)|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=2008-02-04}}</ref> Sanosuke is also a [[Player character|playable character]] in all of the [[Rurouni Kenshin#video games|''Rurouni Kenshin'' video games]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banpresto-game.com/rurouni/main.html|title=Rurouni Kenshin: Enjou! Kyoto Rinne official website|publisher=[[Banpresto]]|accessdate=2008-02-06}}</ref> including ''[[Jump Super Stars]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ds/ajsj/p3.html#|title=Jump Super Stars official website|publisher=[[Nintendo]]|accessdate=2008-02-06}}</ref> and ''[[Jump Ultimate Stars]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ds/ajuj/character/chara_38.html|title=Jump Ultimate Stars official website|publisher=[[Nintendo]]|accessdate=2008-02-06}}</ref> in which he is playable using the zanbatō or as a common fighter.


==Reception==
== Neem and its association with Hindu festivals in India ==
Among the ''Rurouni Kenshin'' reader base Sanosuke has been popular, having ranked second in every ''[[Weekly Shonen Jump|Shonen Jump]]'' popularity poll of the series<ref name="polls">{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 14|last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro|publisher= [[Viz Media]] |year=2005|chapter=Chapter 113|page=p. 28|isbn= 1-59116-767-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 16 |last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |year= 2005|chapter=Chapter 135|isbn= 1-59116-854-6 }}</ref> and has also ranked fifth in the "Favourite Kenshin's arch-enemies" polls, a ranking featuring all Kenshin's opponents.<ref>{{cite book |title= Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 26 |last= Watsuki |first= Nobuhiro |publisher= [[Viz Media]] |year= 2006|chapter=Chapter 237|page=p. 170|isbn= 1-4215-0673-4}}</ref> Merchandise based on Sanosuke has also been released, including sweat bands,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/Rurouni-Kenshin-Sweat-Band-Sanosuke/dp/B000NWBVXA/ref=sr_1_35?ie=UTF8&s=toys-and-games&qid=1209652081&sr=1-35|title=Rurouni Kenshin: Sweat Band - Sanosuke|publisher=[[Amazon.com]]|accessdate=2008-01-28}}</ref> keychains,<ref name="key">{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/Rurouni-Kenshin-Karou-Sanosuke-Group/dp/B000MQRV8G/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=toys-and-games&qid=1209651901&sr=1-4|title=Rurouni Kenshin, Karou, Sanosuke Group Key Chain|publisher=[[Amazon.com]]|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref> and plush dolls.<ref name="doll">{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/Rurouni-Kenshin-Sanosuke-Plush-Figure/dp/B000IG2AV8/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=toys-and-games&qid=1209651901&sr=1-9|title=Rurouni Kenshin: Sanosuke 8" Plush (Plush Doll Figure)|publisher=[[Amazon.com]]|accessdate=2008-05-01}}</ref> Ueda, Sanosuke's ''seiyū'' in the Japanese anime, commented that voicing Sanosuke in the original video animations was very complicated because his character was notably older and he has not been acting as him for a long period. He also commented that he would have liked to see more fights relating Sanosuke in the original video animations, but was happy to note that Sanosuke had matured as a character.<ref>{{cite video | people=Ueda, Yūji |year=2002|title=Rurouni Kenshin Seisouhen 1| medium=DVD|publisher=[[Sony]]}}</ref> Lex Lang, the voice actor of Sanosuke in the English adaptation of the anime, commented that his first impression of Sanosuke was a fight-driven character driven by anger, but as the show continued, he noted that Sanosuke was friendly and started to him. Because his voice is notably different from Ueda's, Lex tries to make his own interpretation of Sanosuke's character. Lang has noted the scene of the episode 22 of the anime, in which Sanosuke is afraid of a train because he believes it is a demon, is the funniest scene he has ever recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dubreview.com/ki_ll.php|title=Interview with Lex Lang|publisher=Dubreview.com|accessdate= 2008-05-03}} </ref>


Several anime and manga publications have provided acclaim and criticism of Sanosuke's character. [[Anime News Network]] noted that Sanosuke's first fight in the series against Kenshin was stereotypical for an action series due to the differences between Sanosuke's and Kenshin's personalities.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/rurouni-kenshin/dvd-2|title=Rurouni Kenshin Vol. 2 - Battle in the Moonlight|last=Shepard|first=Chris|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate= 2008-02-13}}</ref> SciFi.com commended him for being a good source of [[comic relief]], and noted that while he was "more of a video-game icon than a character", he was a "tragic figure whose goofy peccadilloes have solid reasons behind them".<ref name="human"/> Mania Entertainment praised Sanosuke's character development and transformation from an enemy of Kenshin into one of his most stalwart friends.<ref name="friend"/> In the original video animations, Anime News Network called his design "pretty awkward" due to the different graphics utilized in the original video animations as versus the graphics in the anime.<ref name="network">{{cite web|url= http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/rurouni-kenshin-ova-series-2-part-1 |title= Ruroni Kenshin second OAV series Seisouhen, part 1 |date= 2004-09-08 |accessdate= 2008-05-01 | publisher= [[Anime News Network]] | first=Mike |last= Crandol }}</ref>
The tender shoots and flowers of the neem tree are eaten as a vegetable in India. Neem flowers are very popular for their use in Ugadi Pachadi (soup-like pickle)which is made on Ugadi day in South India. A souplike dish called ''Veppampoo Rasam'' (translated as 'juice of neem flower') made of the flower of neem is prepared in Tamil Nadu. leaf or bark is considered an effective pitta pacifier due to its bitter taste. Hence, it is traditionally recommended during early summer in Ayurveda (i.e. month of [[chaitra]] as per [[Hindu Calendar]] which usually falls in month of March - April ). And during [[Gudi Padva]] which is the New Year in the state of Maharashtra, we find an ancient practice of drinking a small quantity of Neem juice or paste on that day before starting festivities. Like many Hindu festivals and their association with some food to avoid negative side-effects of that season or season change, neem juice is associated with Gudi Padva to remind people of using it during that particular month or season to pacify summer pitta.

Neem is also used in parts of mainland [[Southeast Asia]], particularly in [[Cambodia]] and [[Thailand]] (where it is known as ''sadao'' or ''sdao''), Laos (where it is called ''kadao'') and Vietnam .Even lightly cooked, the flavour is quite bitter and thus the food is not enjoyed by all inhabitants of these nations, though it is believed to be good for one's health. Neem Gum is a rich source of protein.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
{{Rurouni Kenshin}}
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]


[[Category:Anime and manga characters with superhuman strength]]
==External links==
[[Category:Anime and manga martial artists]]
* [http://www.eherbal.org/data/neem.html Neem medical uses, dosage, cautions and details]
[[Category:Fictional mercenaries]]
* [http://www.neemfoundation.org/ Neem Foundation]
[[Category:Rurouni Kenshin characters]]


[[bn:নিম]]
[[es:Sanosuke Sagara]]
[[de:Niembaum]]
[[fr:Sanosuké Sagara]]
[[es:Azadirachta indica]]
[[it:Sanosuke Sagara]]
[[eo:Nimo]]
[[ja:相楽左之助]]
[[fa:چریش]]
[[pt:Sanosuke Sagara]]
[[th:ซางาระ ซาโนสุเกะ]]
[[fr:Margousier]]
[[hi:नीम]]
[[vi:Sagara Sanosuke]]
[[it:Azadirachta indica]]
[[ja:インドセンダン]]
[[he:אזדרכת הודית]]
[[kn:ಬೇವು]]
[[sw:Mwarobaini]]
[[ht:Nim]]
[[ml:ആര്യവേപ്പ്]]
[[nl:Azadirachta indica]]
[[pt:Neem]]
[[ru:Азадирахта индийская]]
[[ta:வேம்பு]]
[[te:వేప]]
[[vi:Sầu đâu]]
[[to:Nimi]]

Revision as of 20:44, 10 October 2008

Sagara Sanosuke
Rurouni Kenshin character
Sagara Sanosuke by Nobuhiro Watsuki
First appearanceRurouni Kenshin manga chapter 5
Rurouni Kenshin anime episode 4
In-universe information
OccupationFormer fighter-for-hire

Sagara Sanosuke (相楽 左之助) is a fictional character from the Rurouni Kenshin anime and manga series created by Nobuhiro Watsuki. He is known as Sanosuke Sagara in the English adaptation of the anime and is nicknamed Sano. Watsuki, being a fan of the Shinsengumi, created Sanosuke by basing his name and characteristics on that of a real Shinsengumi member named Harada Sanosuke.

Set during a fictional version of Japan during the pre-Meiji period, Sanosuke is a former member of the Sekihotai. When the group is destroyed by the Meiji Government, he becomes a fighter-for-hire to calm his anger by fighting. During his introduction in the series he encounters the wanderer Himura Kenshin, who easily defeats him and is able to convince him to stop his mercenary work and instead start protecting people. After that encounter, Sanosuke becomes Kenshin's best friend, as well as his partner in most of their fights. He has also appeared in the featured film of the series and other media relating to the franchise, including a plethora of electronic games and original video animations.

Numerous anime and manga publications have commented on Sanosuke's character. Mania Entertainment praised his character development, noting that he becomes more trustworthy and reliable as the series progresses.[8] SciFi.com referred to him as a "video-game icon", and noted how he is portrayed as a "tragic figure".[9] Sanosuke has been highly popular with the Rurouni Kenshin reader base, placing second in every popularity poll. Merchandise based on Sanosuke has also been released, including key chains, and plush dolls.

Creation and conception

Redesign of Sanosuke in the kanzenban series.

Sanosuke was one of the last major figures of the series to be created. Watsuki created him to be Kenshin's best friend, who will punch when he may be in a sad state to make him "wake up" from a sad condition. Although Sanosuke is a main character in the series, Watsuki felt that he could not write everything he wanted about him, and thought that making him the title character of a series would be interesting.[10]

Watsuki describes Sanosuke's visual motif by referring to his design model, Lamp, the main character of Takeshi Obata's Mashin Bōken Tan Lamp-Lamp. Watsuki, as an assistant on Obata's manga, formed the character by doodling in sketchbooks and adding and subtracting elements from the proposed character "with blessings from the original artist, of course". Watsuki saw Shiba Ryōtarō's version of Harada was the one he wanted to use as a model for his design remarks his big spiky hair as the strangest thing he has ever drawn.[11]

In July 2006, the Japanese publishers of Rurouni Kenshin released the kanzenban edition. In the fifth kanzenban, Watsuki redesigned the character of Sanosuke in a draft. To emphasize his hate of the Meiji Government, Watsuki drew the Japanese kanji for "evil" (惡, aku) on the back of Sanosuke's jacket; in the original series, the tattoo is located inside his clothes. Unlike in the manga when Sanosuke uses a zanbatō as a weapon, Watsuki gave him a sword notably larger in size. He also gave him an armor-like cloth to make him look more as a warrior.[12]

In the anime adaptation of Rurouni Kenshin, Watsuki's designs were combined with the voice talents of Yūji Ueda, a seiyū. In producing the English dub version of the series, Media Blasters chose Lex Lang as Sanosuke's voice actor. When writing Sanosuke's dialogue, Clark Cheng, the writer of the English dub script, noted that the character was smarter than how he would have liked in the first few episodes, and tried to slowly dumb him to make him more similar to the Japanese version of the series.[13]

Character outline

Personality

After the destruction of the Sekihotai, Sanosuke feels hatred towards the Meiji Government and begins wearing the Japanese kanji for "evil" (惡, aku) on the back of his jacket. He bears this symbol as a mark of his loyalty towards his past in the Sekihotai, but it also serves as a reminder to defend innocent people who have been wronged so other persons can avoid the same suffering he experienced.[14] Sanosuke's influence on other characters is seen when they place the same symbol of the Japanese kanji on their backs, as does his younger brother Higashidani Ota.[15] Myōjin Yahiko wears a smaller version of the kanji when he comes of age at the end of the manga.[16]

Despite hating the Meiji Government, Sanosuke becomes Kenshin's best friend and sees him as a gentle person. Sanosuke compares Kenshin to his former captain who he admires, Sagara Sōzō. Although Sanosuke may punch him occasionally for not letting him to fight,[17] Kenshin notes that that makes him his most reliable friend due to the fact he always wants to help.[18] He also forms friendly relationships with other main characters, notably with doctor Takani Megumi. Because Sanosuke is injured several times throughout the series, Megumi usually takes care of him and warns him about the dangers of fighting.[19]

Sanosuke enjoys fighting and always seeks strong opponents to test his strength, even if the opponent is a friend. [20] As a result, Sanosuke starts admiring several fighters throughout the series, referring to them as "invincible" and showing them respect regardless of their morality.[21] He eventually starts a rivalry with the former Shinsengumi member Saitō Hajime when they fight in the start of the Kyoto arc.[22] Because of the fights he loses against him, Sanosuke sees Saitō as the person he has to surpass in order to become "really stronger".[23]

Techniques

Sanosuke performing the Futae no Kiwami

At the start of the series, Sanosuke utilizes an enormous zanbatō in battle, giving him the moniker Zanza (斬左). The blade has no edge and Sanosuke only uses it to smash and crush his opponents.[24] After being defeated by Kenshin, he stops using the zanbatō and decides to focus on using hand-to-hand combat.[17] After that, Sanosuke is introduced as Kenshin's most powerful ally, gaining his superhuman strength and toughness from the numerous battles he has experienced since the age of ten. During the Kyoto arc, Sanosuke learns the Futae no Kiwami (二重の極み, lit. "Mastery of the Two Layers") technique from a fallen monk named Yūkyūzan Anji.[14] Futae no Kiwami is a special art in which the user performs two hits in quick succession with any part of his body. Sanosuke is only able to use it with his right hand; the first punch with the proximal interphalangeal joint neutralizes the hardness of the target, then the second blow strikes with the proximal phalanx and breaks the target before it recovers from the force of the first blow.[25] Sanosuke's right hand is severely damaged due to the overuse of this technique, and this becomes a major hindrance to his fighting ability during the Jinchū arc.[26] He overcomes this disability by his discovery that the Futae no Kiwami can be performed using both hands in succession in order to lessen the impact to his damaged hand.[27]

Plot overview

Sanosuke leaves his family at an early age to join the Sekihotai.[28] Sanosuke admired their captain, Sagara Sōzō, and took the family name Sagara from him. When the revolutionary government encountered financial problems, they labeled the Sekihotai as frauds. The Sekihotai were executed, leaving Sanosuke as one of the few survivors. Having lost hope in his captain's dream of a new future, Sanosuke becomes a mercenary in Tokyo.[29][30] Over the next ten years, he gains a reputation as one of the strongest hired fighters of the city.[31]

In the start of the series, Sanosuke is hired to kill Kenshin, but after the former assassin defeats him, he learns of the truth of Kenshin's no-kill approach and becomes one of his allies.[17] When the criminal Shishio Makoto tries to conquer Japan, Sanosuke helps Kenshin the fight against him, and defeats the third most powerful opponent in his army: Anji, the monk that taught Sanosuke the Futai no Kiwami technique.[32] Months later, in an act of revenge to Kenshin, Yukishiro Enishi fakes Kamiya Kaoru's death. Sanosuke furiously leaves Tokyo after seeing Kenshin's sad attitude regarding this.[33] In his wandering, he meets his family and attacks a former Ishin Shishi who was mistreating them.[15] Soon after, he returns to Tokyo to rescue Kaoru with all his friends.[34] After a successful rescue, Sanosuke leaves Japan and travels the world to avoid being arrested for attacking the Ishin Shishi.[16]

Appearances in other media

In the film Samurai X The Motion Picture, Sanosuke helps to stop the samurai Takimi Shigure from overthrowing the Meiji Government as an act of revenge.[35] In the original video animations of the series, he is given a more humanized design and a more emotional personality. In Samurai X: Reflection, an older Sanosuke discovers Kenshin gravely injured when he is travelling along Asia. He arranges for Kenshin's return to Tokyo and Kaoru, telling him that this is the last time they will ever meet.[36] Sanosuke is also a playable character in all of the Rurouni Kenshin video games,[37] including Jump Super Stars[38] and Jump Ultimate Stars[39] in which he is playable using the zanbatō or as a common fighter.

Reception

Among the Rurouni Kenshin reader base Sanosuke has been popular, having ranked second in every Shonen Jump popularity poll of the series[40][41] and has also ranked fifth in the "Favourite Kenshin's arch-enemies" polls, a ranking featuring all Kenshin's opponents.[42] Merchandise based on Sanosuke has also been released, including sweat bands,[43] keychains,[44] and plush dolls.[45] Ueda, Sanosuke's seiyū in the Japanese anime, commented that voicing Sanosuke in the original video animations was very complicated because his character was notably older and he has not been acting as him for a long period. He also commented that he would have liked to see more fights relating Sanosuke in the original video animations, but was happy to note that Sanosuke had matured as a character.[46] Lex Lang, the voice actor of Sanosuke in the English adaptation of the anime, commented that his first impression of Sanosuke was a fight-driven character driven by anger, but as the show continued, he noted that Sanosuke was friendly and started to him. Because his voice is notably different from Ueda's, Lex tries to make his own interpretation of Sanosuke's character. Lang has noted the scene of the episode 22 of the anime, in which Sanosuke is afraid of a train because he believes it is a demon, is the funniest scene he has ever recorded.[47]

Several anime and manga publications have provided acclaim and criticism of Sanosuke's character. Anime News Network noted that Sanosuke's first fight in the series against Kenshin was stereotypical for an action series due to the differences between Sanosuke's and Kenshin's personalities.[48] SciFi.com commended him for being a good source of comic relief, and noted that while he was "more of a video-game icon than a character", he was a "tragic figure whose goofy peccadilloes have solid reasons behind them".[9] Mania Entertainment praised Sanosuke's character development and transformation from an enemy of Kenshin into one of his most stalwart friends.[8] In the original video animations, Anime News Network called his design "pretty awkward" due to the different graphics utilized in the original video animations as versus the graphics in the anime.[49]

References

  1. ^ "Yūji Ueda". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  2. ^ "Yuriko Fuchizaki". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  3. ^ "Tomokazu Seki". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  4. ^ "Lex Lang". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  5. ^ "Brianne Siddall". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  6. ^ "Gray G. Haddock". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  7. ^ a b Watsuki, Nobuhiro (1999). 剣心華伝. Shueisha. p. p. 165. ISBN 4-08-782037-8. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  8. ^ a b Lavey, Megan (2002-01-22). "Mania.com Review: Rurouni Kenshin volume 6". Mania Entertainment. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
  9. ^ a b Robinson, Tasha. "Rurouni Kenshin TV The first steps down a very popular road". SciFi.com. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  10. ^ Tei, Andrew. "Anime Expo 2002: Friday Report". Mania Entertainment. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
  11. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2003). "The Secret Life of Characters (6) Sagara Sanosuke". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 2. Viz Media. p. p. 48. ISBN 1-59116-249-1. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  12. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). Rurouni Kenshin Kanzenban, Volume 5. Shueisha. p. p. 2. ISBN 4-08-874154-4. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  13. ^ "Interview with Clark Cheng". Dub Review. 2003. Retrieved 2008-05-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2004). "Chapter 105". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 9. Viz Media. p. p. 137. ISBN 978-1591166696. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  15. ^ a b Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). "Chapter 234". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 26. Viz Media. ISBN 1-4215-0673-4.
  16. ^ a b Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). "Chapter 254". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 28. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1421506753.
  17. ^ a b c Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2003). "Chapter 8". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 2. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-249-1.
  18. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2003). "Chapter 105". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 13. Viz Media. p. p. 47. ISBN 1-59116-713-2. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  19. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). "Chapter 153". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 18. Viz Media. p. p. 30. ISBN 978-1591169598. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  20. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2003). "Chapter 5". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 1. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-220-3.
  21. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). "Chapter 193". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 22. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1421501963.
  22. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2004). "Chapter 59". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 8. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1591165637.
  23. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). "Chapter 150". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 18. Viz Media. p. p. 30. ISBN 978-1591169598. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  24. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2003). "Chapter 6". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 1. Viz Media. p. p. 160. ISBN 1-59116-220-3. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  25. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2004). "Chapter 72". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 9. Viz Media. p. pp. 122-123. ISBN 978-1591166696. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  26. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). "Chapter 159". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 19. Viz Media. p. p. 13. ISBN 978-1591169277. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  27. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). "Chapter 159". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 27. Viz Media. p. pp. 71-72. ISBN 978-1421506746. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  28. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). "Chapter 229". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 26. Viz Media. ISBN 1-4215-0673-4.
  29. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2003). "Chapter 7". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 2. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-249-1.
  30. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2003). "Chapter 8". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 2. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-249-1.
  31. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2003). "Chapter 6". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 1. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-249-1.
  32. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). "Chapter 111". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 13. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1591167136.
  33. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). "Chapter 209". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 24. Viz Media. p. p. 56. ISBN 978-1421503387. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  34. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). "Chapter 236". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 26. Viz Media. ISBN 1-4215-0673-4.
  35. ^ "Samurai X: The Motion Picture". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
  36. ^ "Samurai X: Reflection (OAV)". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  37. ^ "Rurouni Kenshin: Enjou! Kyoto Rinne official website". Banpresto. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
  38. ^ "Jump Super Stars official website". Nintendo. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
  39. ^ "Jump Ultimate Stars official website". Nintendo. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
  40. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). "Chapter 113". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 14. Viz Media. p. p. 28. ISBN 1-59116-767-1. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  41. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2005). "Chapter 135". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 16. Viz Media. ISBN 1-59116-854-6.
  42. ^ Watsuki, Nobuhiro (2006). "Chapter 237". Rurouni Kenshin, Volume 26. Viz Media. p. p. 170. ISBN 1-4215-0673-4. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  43. ^ "Rurouni Kenshin: Sweat Band - Sanosuke". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  44. ^ "Rurouni Kenshin, Karou, Sanosuke Group Key Chain". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  45. ^ "Rurouni Kenshin: Sanosuke 8" Plush (Plush Doll Figure)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  46. ^ Ueda, Yūji (2002). Rurouni Kenshin Seisouhen 1 (DVD). Sony.
  47. ^ "Interview with Lex Lang". Dubreview.com. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
  48. ^ Shepard, Chris. "Rurouni Kenshin Vol. 2 - Battle in the Moonlight". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
  49. ^ Crandol, Mike (2004-09-08). "Ruroni Kenshin second OAV series Seisouhen, part 1". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
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