Brian Victoria
Brian Daizen Victoria (born 1939)[1] is an educator and the author of numerous studies on Buddhism. He is a fully ordained Buddhist priest in the Sōtō Zen sect.[2]
He has published extensively on the relationship of Buddhism and religion in general to violence, with a focus on the relationship between Buddhism and Japanese militarism before, during, and after the Second World War.
Education
Victoria is a native of Omaha, Nebraska. He graduated in 1961 from Nebraska Wesleyan University in Lincoln, Nebraska. He trained at the Sōtō Zen monastery of Eihei-ji and holds a M.A. in Buddhist Studies from the Sōtō Zen–affiliated Komazawa University in Tokyo. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of Religious Studies at Temple University.[2]
Vietnam era
Victoria was a war protester during the Vietnam War.[3]
Affiliation
Victoria has taught Japanese language and culture at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, Creighton University, and Bucknell University in the United States and lectured in the Department of Asian Languages and Literatures at the University of Auckland. He was a Senior Lecturer in the Centre in Asian Studies at the University of Adelaide in South Australia.[4] He has also been Yehan Numata Distinguished Visiting Professor, Buddhist Studies at the University of Hawaii-Manoa in Honolulu. From 2005 to 2013, he was a professor of Japanese Studies and director of the Antioch Education Abroad “Japan and Its Buddhist Traditions Program” at Antioch University in Yellow Springs, OH.[2] Since 2013, he a Fellow at Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies at the University of Oxford and a Visiting Research Fellow at the International Research Center for Japanese Studies in Kyoto.[5]
Zen at War
First published in 1997, Zen at War is based on the work of Japanese scholars and Victoria's own studies of original Japanese documents. It describes the influence of state policy on Japanese Buddhism before and during WWII and conversely the influence of Zen philosophy on the Japanese military. The book has been hailed as a major contribution to a previously unexamined aspect of Japanese religious history, and criticized for imposing anachronistic values when evaluating the words and deeds of the time.
Criticisms
There are a number of criticisms directed at Victoria's methodology in critiquing a number of individuals. Most prominently in Zen at War, but also in subsequent articles.[6] The criticisms have focused on Victoria's portrayals of D.T. Suzuki, Kodo Sawaki, and Tsunesaburo Makiguchi.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).[7]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
Works
Books
- 外人であり、禅坊主であり… [A foreigner, and a Zen priest] (in Japanese). San-ichi Shobo. 1971. ASIN B000J9HRNK.
- (With Yuho Yokoi) Zen Master Dogen: An Introduction with Selected Writings. Weatherhill. 1976. ISBN 978-0834801165.
- Zen at war (2nd ed.). Lanham e.a.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 2006. ISBN 978-0742539266.
- Zen War Stories. Routledge. 2012. ISBN 0700715800.
Articles
- "When God(s) and Buddhas Go to War." In War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century. Edited by Mark Selden and Alvin Y. So. 2003. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 91–118. ISBN 978-0742523913
- (With Muneo Narusawa) "'War is a Crime': Takenaka Shōgen and Buddhist Resistance in the Asia-Pacific War and Today" (竹中彰元「戦争は罪悪である] アジア太平洋戦争当時と今日における仏教徒の抵抗). The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 37, No. 4, September 15, 2014.
- "Sōka Gakkai Founder, Makiguchi Tsunesaburō, A Man of Peace?" (創価学会の創立者・牧口恒三郎 平和を愛する男？). The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 37, No. 3, September 15, 2014.
- "Zen Masters on the Battlefield (Part II)" (戦場の禅師（下）). The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 27, No. 4, July 7, 2014.
- "Zen Masters on the Battlefield (Part I)" (戦場の禅師（上）). The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 24, No. 3, June 16, 2014.
- "A Zen Nazi in Wartime Japan: Count Dürckheim and his Sources—D.T. Suzuki, Yasutani Haku’un and Eugen Herrigel" (戦中日本におけるあるナチス禅宗徒 デュルクハイム伯爵の情報源 鈴木大拙、安谷白雲、オイゲン・ヘリゲル). The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 3, No. 2, January 20, 2014.
- "D.T. Suzuki, Zen and the Nazis" (鈴木大拙 禅 ナチス（上）). The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 43, No. 4, October 28, 2013.
- "Zen as a Cult of Death in the Wartime Writings of D.T. Suzuki" (死の信仰としての禅 鈴木大拙、戦時下の著述). The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 30, No. 4, August 5, 2013.
- "Buddhism and Disasters: From World War II to Fukushima" (仏教と災害−−第二次世界大戦から福島まで). The Asia-Pacific Journal", n.d.
- "Karma, War and Inequality in Twentieth Century Japan". The Asia-Pacific Journal, n.d.
Notes
- ^ "外人であり、禅坊主であり…". ci.nii.ac.jp. Retrieved 2014-09-30.
- ^ a b c "Brian Victoria". Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies. Archived from the original on 2014-09-29.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Tsujimura, Shinobu (3 September 2004). "Zen War Stories, by Brian Daizen Victoria". Social Science Japan Journal. 7 (2): 286–289. doi:10.1093/ssjj/jyh032.
- ^ "School of Social Sciences: Dr Brian Victoria". Archived from the original on 2005-06-15.
- ^ "Visiting Research Fellows". International Research Center for Japanese Studies. Retrieved 2014-09-29.
- ^ Metraux, Daniel A. (2004). A Critical Analysis of Brian Victoria's Perspectives on Modern Japanese Buddhist History, Journal of Global Buddhism 5, 66-81
- ^ Victoria, Brian Daizen (2010). "The "Negative Side" of D. T. Suzuki's Relationship to War" (PDF). The Eastern Buddhist. 41 (2): 97–138.
External links
Brian Victoria – List of articles at The Asia-Pacific Journal