Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine and Mundkur: Difference between pages
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'''Mundkur''' is a temple village in [[Karkala]] Taluk, [[Udupi]] district [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. The [[Durga]] Parameshwari temple located here is 1200 yrs. old. |
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[[image:castlemaine.jpg|thumb|250px|Roger Palmer, Earl of Castlemaine]] [[Image:Barbara Villiers.jpg|float|right|thumb|300px|Barbara Palmer nee Villiers, Lady Castlemaine by [[Peter Lely|Sir Peter Lely]].]] |
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[[Image:Mundkur Durga Idol.gif|thumb|Sri Durga Parameshwari, Mundkur]] <!-- Image captured by author and released to public domain--> |
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====History==== |
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Legend has it that Goddess Durga Parameshwari slayed the demon [[Mundaka]] here. The idol was initially placed by [[Bhargava]] [[Rishi]] in 800 AD and was facing the west. During the jain rule, a king turned the idol towards east to take out buried riches from underneath the idol. Since then, the idol is east-facing.Mundkur Durga is Kuladevi for the Brahmin community of Bhargava Gothra and most of the devotees from GSB,Bunts,Billavaas, Kulaals,Harijans...etc worship as Mane Devi(Goddess of their original House).Christians and Muslims worship with flowers and Various poojas which can be seen even today. Jainpete, Jain Basadi,Kalkuda and Jattinga Daivaas can be seen here and Jain community is not living, which is said to be dueto the curse of Devi to the bad attitude of Jain Ruler who turned the idol from west to east. Jain devotees visit and seek the blessings in different occassions; but they don't stay here. |
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====Deities==== |
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'''Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine''', (1634-1705) was the husband of [[Barbara Villiers]], one of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]'s [[mistress (lover)|mistresses]]. He was also a noted [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] writer and courtier. |
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The prime deity is SriDurgaparameshwari in the form of Mahishamardini,holding the demon Mahisha upside down and piercing thrishul on his body. Hence the name Mundakke oori nintha OOru became Mundkur in the later stage as per one version. Other deities such as [[Ganesha]],Navagraha, Dhoomavati, Raktheshwari, vyaghra chamundi(Pilichandi),Vaarahi(Panjurli)and Rakshopi Devatha (Protector from evil Spirits)are also there in the temple vicinity. |
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'''Kaje Maari Gudi''' is 3 km away where Durga is worshipped as Maarikamba.In olden days children belonging to six families worshipped Durga as Marikamba under a big Mangoe tree. Later this became a legend and was known as KUKKUDADI(Under the Mangoe Tree). |
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Every tuesday pooja is done and alternative tuesday Pathri Darshana is performed where the woes of devotees are heard by Devidarshana patri and solutions are given which comes true. Hundreds of devotees have got their wishes fulfilled and devotees come from far and wide seeking blessings of Maarikamba. The generous donors have started Annadaana on the days of Devidarshan. The devotees offer different sevas including Maripooja and Special Gaddige Pooja, Flowerpooja, Thulabharam, Archana, Chandika Havan, Kadali Havan...etc. Devotees come here from different destinations irrespective of caste and religion including Muslims and Christians in large numbers seeking sollutions for their various woes/problems and it is true that they get blessed within very short period. |
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====Festivals==== |
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Born into a Catholic family, Roger was the son of Sir James Palmer, a gentleman of the bed-chamber under King [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], and Catherine Herbert, daughter of [[William Herbert, 1st Marquess of Powis]]. He was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and [[King's College, Cambridge]]. |
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The annual Car-festival happens in the [[kumbha]] masa every year which is on Feb 17th or 18th. [[Navaratri]], Deepotsava are other special days for the goddess.Jalaka(dipping in river shambhavi)takes place on the next day of the car festival. |
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====Brahmakalasha==== |
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On [[April 14]], [[1659]] he married Barbara Villiers against his family's wishes; his father predicting at the time of the wedding that she would make him one of the most miserable men in the world. Roger was a quiet, studious, bookish man and a devout Roman Catholic whilst his wife was an accomplished sexual athlete and a woman who her later lover, Charles II himself, is recorded by Pepys on 15th May 1663 as having claimed that “she hath all the tricks of [[Pietro Aretino|Aretin]] that are to be practised to give pleasure.” |
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In the year 2006,the Garba Gudi, Theertha Mantapa, etc. were reconstructed by dedicated devotees under the guidance of Vedamoorthi Jayarama Acharya ,Chief Priest of the Temple and the Managing Trustee, Mundkur Nadiguthu Jagadishchandra Hegde. The Mumbai commitee is headed by Sri J V Shetty, Rtd CMD of Canara Bank; Sri Annedaguthu Jayarama Shetty; Sri Raghu T shetty of Mulladka GuruPrasad;Sri M G Karkera,Director,Arcadia Group; Sri K V Acharya of Sriraj,Mundkur. The Punarprathishta of Goddess Durgaparameshwari was done in Newly built Sanctum Sanctorium on February 02,2006 followed by the Brahmakalasha on February 05,2006.The Inauguration of rennovation was done by HH Sri Vidya Sagara Theertha Swamiji of Krishnapur Math, Udupi on |
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May 19,2005;and Pejavar Math HH Sri Vishvesha Theertha Swamiji dedicated the New constructions on the lotus feet of Sri Durga on January 31,2006 sponsored by dedicated devotees. |
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At the time of Roger's wedding to Barbara, she was already the mistress of the Earl of Chesterfield and the marriage does not appear to have prevented her from continuing this relationship nor indeed of seeking out new partners. Indeed within a year, Barbara became the [[favourite]] mistress or 'mistresse en titre,' of King Charles II, coincident with his restoration to the throne in May 1660. In an entry to his diary on the 13th July 1660 Pepys describes “the King and Dukes there with Madame Palmer, a pretty woman that they have a fancy to, to make her husband a cuckold“. She claimed to have borne the King five children and had another by, it is thought, John Churchill later 1st Duke of Marlborough. It is believed that her unfortunate husband did not father a single one of Barbara's children. |
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In the February of the year following the marriage Barbara, gave birth to a daughter named Lady Anne Palmer (b. 25 February 1660/61) which Palmer himself believed was his own daughter and the diary of [[Samuel Pepys]] on 23 August 1662 said: ''"But that which pleased me best was that my Lady Castlemayne stood over against us upon a piece of [[Palace of Whitehall|White-hall]] - where I glutted myself with looking on her. But methought it was strange to see her Lord and her upon the same place, walking up and down without taking notice one of another; only, at first entry, he put off his hat and she made him a very civil salute - but afterwards took no notice one of another. But both of them now and then would take their child, which the nurse held in her armes, and dandle it"''. The child was Anne. However, Charles II also acknowledged her (with her sister Charlotte) as one of "his dear and natural daughters by the Duchess of Cleveland" and described her as "the Lady Anne Fitzroy" when granting her a patent of the arms granted to her brother Charles, then Earl (later Duke) of Southampton. In addition it should be noted that the Earl of Chesterfield also claimed the child as his own. |
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In early June 1662 Barbara had given birth to a son named Charles who it is believed was fathered by the King. Although Roger Palmer insisted on treating the boy as his and ensured that he was christened as a Roman Catholic, Barbara snatched away the young boy and arranged for him to be re-christened in the Church of England. |
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Barbara Palmer was notably unrestrained in her personal conduct and it is worth remembering that just as she was clearly not faithful to her husband, she wasn't faithful to the King either, and had numerous other sexual liaisons. In addition to the King, the Earl of Chesterfield and the future [[Duke of Marlborough]], Roger was cuckolded by amongst others the playwright [[William Wycherley]], [[Ralph Montagu]] the 1st Duke of Montagu, [[Henry Jermyn]], Charles Berkeley, James Hamilton, a rope-dancer named Jacob Hall plus others too numerous to mention. Thanks to her promiscuity Roger found himself the laughing stock of London. |
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Such was his wife's notoriety that the song at the end of the first act of Wycherley's play [[Love in a Wood]] in praise of harlots and their offspring was widely assumed to have been intended as a glorification of Mrs Palmer and her profession. It seems to have attracted the attention of Barbara, for Wycherley lost no time in calling upon her, and was from that moment the recipient of those "favours" to which he alludes with pride in the dedication of the play to her. Voltaire's Letters on the English Nation mentions that Mrs Palmer used to go to Wycherley's chambers in the Temple "disguised as a country wench, in a straw hat, with pattens on and a basket in her hand". |
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As noted above, besides Roger, two different men claimed paternity of Palmer's eldest daughter, the King claimed fatherhood of his eldest son and although Charles II was declared the father of Henry the next son, no less an authority than Pepys declared that as Barbara was to be found more frequently in the bed of Henry Jermyn prior to the birth, Jermyn is far more likely to have been the father. It is therefore largely a matter of conjecture as to which of his wife's many lovers was the father of any specific child. It was however in Barbara's own interests to claim that the king rather than any other man, including her husband, was the father of her children. Thus although Charles informally recognised five of her children as his, it does not mean to say that they all actually were his offspring. |
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Charles II created Palmer, [[Baron Limerick]] and [[Earl of Castlemaine]] in 1661, but the title was limited to his children by Barbara (as opposed, that is, to any later wife he might have) which made it clear to the whole court that the honour was for her services in the King's bedchamber rather than for his in the King's court. This made it more of a humiliation than an honour: see the diary of [[Samuel Pepys]] for 7 December 1661: ''"...to the Privy Seale...And among other things that passed, there was a patent for Roger Palmer (Madam Palmer's husband) to be Earle of Castlemaine and Baron of Limbricke in Ireland. But the honour is tied up to the males got on the body of his wife, the Lady Barbary - the reason whereof everybody knows."'' Palmer did not want a [[peerage]] on these terms but it was forced on him; and he never took his seat in the [[Irish House of Lords]] (although he did use the title). |
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As Lady Castlemaine and later in her own right as Duchess of Cleveland, his wife's bed-hopping meant that she was the talk of the court and often of the town whilst Roger was the butt of much hilarity and the subject of cutting barbs on his inadequacy as a husband and lover from the many wits and satirists of the day. Roger had to resign himself to all this whilst the diarist [[John Evelyn]] condemned his wife as "a vulgar mannered, arrogant [[slut]] when at her best", the poet [[Andrew Marvell]] described her as "the royal [[harlot]]" whilst Samuel Pepys despite liking her appearance wrote that “I know well enough she is a whore”. |
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In the course Roger Palmer charted from this point, two factors remain constant: his unwavering and public devotion to Roman Catholicism, in spite of heavy legal and social penalties; and his staunch support of the Stuart monarchy. There was no way out of his marital dilemma: his religion forbade divorce, and he would therefore have no legitimate children of his own. His loyalty to the throne and the Stuart succession in general and to the person of Charles II in particular forced his complaisant acquiescence to his wife’s position as the King's mistress and to his humiliating quasi-official role as the court [[cuckold]]. |
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In 1680 Roger was tried at the King's Bench Bar in [[Westminster]] for high [[treason]] and was acquitted. He became a member of the English [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1686, following [[James II of England|James II]]'s accession to the throne. He was appointed Ambassador to the [[Holy See|Vatican]] where he was ridiculed as Europe's most famous cuckold, a cuckold being a role regarded with particular dishonour in Italy. As ambassador, he promoted James's plan to have [[Pope Innocent XI]] make his [[Jesuit]] privy councillor, [[Edward Petre]], a cardinal. Innocent declined to do so. He proved inept at the job and was recalled. After the [[Glorious Revolution|Revolution of 1688]], Palmer spent most of 1689 and part of 1690 in prison. After enduring almost 16 months in the Tower, he was freed on bail. He died quietly in the country in 1705 at the age of 70 still married to Barbara, his faithless wife, who on his death wasted no time grieving and instead promptly married one Major-General Fielding. This marriage turned out to be bigamous and Barbara followed Roger to the grave four years later in 1709. |
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His writings include the ''Catholique Apology'' (1674), ''The Compendium [of the Popish Plot trials]'' (1679) and ''The Earl of Castlemaine's Manifesto'' (1681). |
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== External links == |
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*[http://pr.caltech.edu/periodicals/EandS/articles/LXVI3/bookish.html An article on Roger Palmer] |
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{{succession box|before=New Creation|title=[[Earl of Castlemaine]]|after=Extinct|years=1661-1705}} |
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[[Category:English diplomats]] |
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[[Category:1705 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Earls in the Peerage of Ireland]] |
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Revision as of 17:52, 10 October 2008
Mundkur is a temple village in Karkala Taluk, Udupi district Karnataka, India. The Durga Parameshwari temple located here is 1200 yrs. old.
History
Legend has it that Goddess Durga Parameshwari slayed the demon Mundaka here. The idol was initially placed by Bhargava Rishi in 800 AD and was facing the west. During the jain rule, a king turned the idol towards east to take out buried riches from underneath the idol. Since then, the idol is east-facing.Mundkur Durga is Kuladevi for the Brahmin community of Bhargava Gothra and most of the devotees from GSB,Bunts,Billavaas, Kulaals,Harijans...etc worship as Mane Devi(Goddess of their original House).Christians and Muslims worship with flowers and Various poojas which can be seen even today. Jainpete, Jain Basadi,Kalkuda and Jattinga Daivaas can be seen here and Jain community is not living, which is said to be dueto the curse of Devi to the bad attitude of Jain Ruler who turned the idol from west to east. Jain devotees visit and seek the blessings in different occassions; but they don't stay here.
Deities
The prime deity is SriDurgaparameshwari in the form of Mahishamardini,holding the demon Mahisha upside down and piercing thrishul on his body. Hence the name Mundakke oori nintha OOru became Mundkur in the later stage as per one version. Other deities such as Ganesha,Navagraha, Dhoomavati, Raktheshwari, vyaghra chamundi(Pilichandi),Vaarahi(Panjurli)and Rakshopi Devatha (Protector from evil Spirits)are also there in the temple vicinity. Kaje Maari Gudi is 3 km away where Durga is worshipped as Maarikamba.In olden days children belonging to six families worshipped Durga as Marikamba under a big Mangoe tree. Later this became a legend and was known as KUKKUDADI(Under the Mangoe Tree). Every tuesday pooja is done and alternative tuesday Pathri Darshana is performed where the woes of devotees are heard by Devidarshana patri and solutions are given which comes true. Hundreds of devotees have got their wishes fulfilled and devotees come from far and wide seeking blessings of Maarikamba. The generous donors have started Annadaana on the days of Devidarshan. The devotees offer different sevas including Maripooja and Special Gaddige Pooja, Flowerpooja, Thulabharam, Archana, Chandika Havan, Kadali Havan...etc. Devotees come here from different destinations irrespective of caste and religion including Muslims and Christians in large numbers seeking sollutions for their various woes/problems and it is true that they get blessed within very short period.
Festivals
The annual Car-festival happens in the kumbha masa every year which is on Feb 17th or 18th. Navaratri, Deepotsava are other special days for the goddess.Jalaka(dipping in river shambhavi)takes place on the next day of the car festival.
Brahmakalasha
In the year 2006,the Garba Gudi, Theertha Mantapa, etc. were reconstructed by dedicated devotees under the guidance of Vedamoorthi Jayarama Acharya ,Chief Priest of the Temple and the Managing Trustee, Mundkur Nadiguthu Jagadishchandra Hegde. The Mumbai commitee is headed by Sri J V Shetty, Rtd CMD of Canara Bank; Sri Annedaguthu Jayarama Shetty; Sri Raghu T shetty of Mulladka GuruPrasad;Sri M G Karkera,Director,Arcadia Group; Sri K V Acharya of Sriraj,Mundkur. The Punarprathishta of Goddess Durgaparameshwari was done in Newly built Sanctum Sanctorium on February 02,2006 followed by the Brahmakalasha on February 05,2006.The Inauguration of rennovation was done by HH Sri Vidya Sagara Theertha Swamiji of Krishnapur Math, Udupi on May 19,2005;and Pejavar Math HH Sri Vishvesha Theertha Swamiji dedicated the New constructions on the lotus feet of Sri Durga on January 31,2006 sponsored by dedicated devotees.