Carlos Duque: Difference between revisions

Carlos Duque
Carlos Duque
Born	Carlos Alberto Duque Jaén; March 12, 1930; Panama City, Panama
Died	October 31, 2014 (aged 84); Panama City, Panama
Occupation(s)	Businessman, politician
Political party	Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD)

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Carlos Alberto Duque Jaén (March 12, 1930 – October 31, 2014) was a Panamanian businessman and politician who was President-for-Life of Panama's Partido Revolucionario Democrático (PRD). He was a presidential candidate for the PRD in the 1989 presidential election.^[1]

1989 presidential candidacy[edit]

A former business partner of military ruler Manuel Noriega,^[2] Duque was selected by Noriega to head the pro-Noriega Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1988.^[3] The following year, he stood as the party's presidential candidate.^[4] Future PRD president Ernesto Pérez Balladares served as his campaign manager.^[5]

Duque's primary rival for the presidency, Guillermo Endara, ran atop the ticket of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (ADOC), a coalition of parties opposed to Noriega. After the voting concluded, international observers reported that Endara's coalition was leading by a 3-to-1 margin, but the results were annulled by the Noriega government before counting was complete.^[4] Noriega had planned to declare Duque the winner regardless of the actual results. However, by this time Duque knew he had been comprehensively defeated by Endara and refused to go along.^[6]

The next day, Endara and one of his running mates, Guillermo Ford, were badly beaten by a detachment of Dignity Battalions, a paramilitary group supporting Noriega.^[7]^[8] Endara was struck with an iron club and was briefly hospitalized, receiving eight stitches.^[9] Images of the attack on Endara and Ford were carried by media around the world, and were credited with leading up to the US invasion that would soon follow.^[8]^[10]^[11]

Post-election career[edit]

Duque was an opponent of the 1989 US invasion of Panama which deposed Noriega, calling it "the biggest error" and urging "nationalist parties" to battle US forces.^[12] Several months after the invasion, US federal prosecutors accused Duque's company, Transit S.A., of funneling millions of dollars in kickbacks to the former ruler from a coffee-smuggling operation.^[13]

In 1999, he worked on the campaign of PRD presidential candidate Martín Torrijos, son of former military ruler Omar Torrijos.^[14] Martín Torrijos lost the presidential election that year to Mireya Moscoso, but went on to win in 2004.

References[edit]

^ "Muere Carlos Duque Jaén, presidente vitalicio del PRD" (in Spanish). aestrella.com.pa. October 31, 2014.
^ Phillip Bennett (May 8, 1999). "Panama Casts Votes for Leader". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
^ William Branigin (January 21, 1989). "Noriega Celebrates Reagan Departure; Panamanian Problem Remains Unsolved as Bush Takes Office". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Endara's Coalition Faces Difficult Test". Albany Times Union. Associated Press. December 21, 1989. Archived from the original on December 6, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
^ Howard W. French (February 21, 1994). "Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
^ Koster, R.M.; Guillermo Sánchez (1990). In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990. New York City: Norton. ISBN 0-393-02696-5.
^ Gregory Katz (May 11, 1989). "Panama Violence Spreads Thugs Attack 3 Anti-noriega Candidates". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Douglas Martin (September 30, 2009). "Guillermo Endara, Who Helped Lead Panama From Noriega to Democracy, Dies at 73". The New York Times. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
^ "Panama declares election result void; Endara hurt". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. May 11, 1989. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
^ Myra MacPherson (January 30, 1990). "Panama's Philosopher Pol;Ricardo Arias Calderon's Leap From Exiled Academic to Vice President". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 19, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
^ Phil Davison (October 2, 2009). "Guillermo Endara". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
^ Alina Guerrero (December 20, 1990). "Noriega backers call invasion 'genocide'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
^ "Noriega Tied To Smuggling Of Coffee;Kickbacks Alleged To Reach Millions". The Washington Post. February 15, 1990. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
^ "Another Torrijos". The Economist. March 27, 1999. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2012 – via HighBeam Research.

[1] "Muere Carlos Duque Jaén, presidente vitalicio del PRD" (in Spanish). aestrella.com.pa. October 31, 2014.

[2] Phillip Bennett (May 8, 1999). "Panama Casts Votes for Leader". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2012.

[3] William Branigin (January 21, 1989). "Noriega Celebrates Reagan Departure; Panamanian Problem Remains Unsolved as Bush Takes Office". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2012.

[AP2-4] "Endara's Coalition Faces Difficult Test". Albany Times Union. Associated Press. December 21, 1989. Archived from the original on December 6, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.

[NYT1-5] Howard W. French (February 21, 1994). "Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2012.

[ToT-6] Koster, R.M.; Guillermo Sánchez (1990). In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990. New York City: Norton. ISBN 0-393-02696-5.

[7] Gregory Katz (May 11, 1989). "Panama Violence Spreads Thugs Attack 3 Anti-noriega Candidates". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2012.

[NYT-8] Douglas Martin (September 30, 2009). "Guillermo Endara, Who Helped Lead Panama From Noriega to Democracy, Dies at 73". The New York Times. Retrieved August 31, 2012.

[9] "Panama declares election result void; Endara hurt". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. May 11, 1989. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2012.

[WP90-10] Myra MacPherson (January 30, 1990). "Panama's Philosopher Pol;Ricardo Arias Calderon's Leap From Exiled Academic to Vice President". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 19, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2012.

[I-11] Phil Davison (October 2, 2009). "Guillermo Endara". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2012.

[12] Alina Guerrero (December 20, 1990). "Noriega backers call invasion 'genocide'". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved September 2, 2012.

[13] "Noriega Tied To Smuggling Of Coffee;Kickbacks Alleged To Reach Millions". The Washington Post. February 15, 1990. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2012.

[14] "Another Torrijos". The Economist. March 27, 1999. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2012 – via HighBeam Research.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Panamanian businessman and politician (1930–2014)}}
-{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}{{Infobox person
+{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}
-| name               = Carlos Alberto Duque Jaén
+{{Infobox person
-| image              = https://images.app.goo.gl/AWd8TxuP4wPuY72H8
+| name = Carlos Duque
-| birth_date         = March 12, 1930
+| image =
-| birth_place        = Panama City, Panamá
+| birth_name = Carlos Alberto Duque Jaén
-| death_date         = October 31, 2014 (aged 84)
+| birth_date = March 12, 1930
-| death_place        = Panama City, Panamá
+| birth_place = [[Panama City]], Panama
-| nationality        = Panamanian
+| death_date = {{death date and age|2014|10|31|1930|3|12}}
-| other_names        =
+| death_place = Panama City, Panama
-| known_for          = 1989 presidential campaign
+| nationality =
-| occupation         = Businessman, Politician
+| other_names =
-| party              = [[Democratic Revolutionary Party]] (PRD)
+| known_for =
-| business           = Transit S.A.
+| occupation = Businessman, politician
+| party = [[Democratic Revolutionary Party]] (PRD)
 }}
-'''Carlos Alberto Duque Jaén''' (March 12, 1930 – October 31, 2014) was a [[Panama]]nian businessman and politician who was President-for-Life of Panama's Partido Revolucionario Democrático (PRD).  He was a presidential candidate for the PRD in the [[1989 Panamanian general election|1989 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://laestrella.com.pa/panama/nacional/muere-carlos-duque-jaen-presidente-vitalicio/23817402|title=Muere Carlos Duque Jaén, presidente vitalicio del PRD|publisher=aestrella.com.pa|date=October 31, 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref>
+'''Carlos Alberto Duque Jaén''' (March 12, 1930 – October 31, 2014) was a Panamanian businessman and politician who was President-for-Life of Panama's Partido Revolucionario Democrático (PRD). He was a presidential candidate for the PRD in the [[1989 Panamanian general election|1989 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://laestrella.com.pa/panama/nacional/muere-carlos-duque-jaen-presidente-vitalicio/23817402|title=Muere Carlos Duque Jaén, presidente vitalicio del PRD|publisher=aestrella.com.pa|date=October 31, 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref>
 == 1989 presidential candidacy ==
-A former business partner of military ruler [[Manuel Noriega]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8119843.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309193716/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8119843.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |title=Panama Casts Votes for Leader |author=Phillip Bennett |date=May 8, 1999 |work=The Boston Globe |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Duque was selected by Noriega to head the pro-Noriega Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170212.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415122921/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170212.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 15, 2016 |title=Noriega Celebrates Reagan Departure; Panamanian Problem Remains Unsolved as Bush Takes Office |author=William Branigin |date=January 21, 1989 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The following year, he stood as the party's presidential candidate.<ref name=AP2 /> Future PRD president [[Ernesto Pérez Balladares]] served as his campaign manager.<ref name=NYT1>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/panama-journal-democracy-at-work-under-shadow-of-dictators.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators |author=Howard W. French |date=February 21, 1994 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archivedate=August 8, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808184548/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/panama-journal-democracy-at-work-under-shadow-of-dictators.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |accessdate=September 2, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
+A former business partner of military ruler [[Manuel Noriega]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8119843.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309193716/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8119843.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |title=Panama Casts Votes for Leader |author=Phillip Bennett |date=May 8, 1999 |work=The Boston Globe |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} </ref> Duque was selected by Noriega to head the pro-Noriega Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170212.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415122921/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1170212.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 15, 2016 |title=Noriega Celebrates Reagan Departure; Panamanian Problem Remains Unsolved as Bush Takes Office |author=William Branigin |date=January 21, 1989 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 2, 2012}}</ref> The following year, he stood as the party's presidential candidate.<ref name=AP2 /> Future PRD president [[Ernesto Pérez Balladares]] served as his campaign manager.<ref name=NYT1>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/panama-journal-democracy-at-work-under-shadow-of-dictators.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Panama Journal; Democracy at Work, Under Shadow of Dictators |author=Howard W. French |date=February 21, 1994 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archivedate=August 8, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808184548/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/21/world/panama-journal-democracy-at-work-under-shadow-of-dictators.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |accessdate=September 2, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
-Duque's primary rival for the presidency, [[Guillermo Endara]], ran atop the ticket of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (ADOC), a coalition of parties opposed to Noriega. After the voting concluded, international observers reported that Endara's coalition was leading by a 3-to-1 margin, but the results were annulled by the Noriega government before counting was complete.<ref name=AP2>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-156057540.html |title=Endara's Coalition Faces Difficult Test |agency=Associated Press |date=December 21, 1989 |work=Albany Times Union |archivedate=December 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121206003526/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-156057540.html |accessdate=August 31, 2012 |df=mdy }}{{subscription required}}</ref>  Noriega had planned to declare Duque the winner regardless of the actual results.  However, by this time Duque knew he had been comprehensively defeated by Endara and refused to go along.<ref name="ToT">{{cite book |title=In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990 |last=Koster |first=R.M. |author2=Guillermo Sánchez |year=1990 |publisher=Norton |location=New York City |isbn=0-393-02696-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/intimeoftyrantsp00kost }}</ref>
+Duque's primary rival for the presidency, [[Guillermo Endara]], ran atop the ticket of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (ADOC), a coalition of parties opposed to Noriega. After the voting concluded, international observers reported that Endara's coalition was leading by a 3-to-1 margin, but the results were annulled by the Noriega government before counting was complete.<ref name=AP2>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-156057540.html |title=Endara's Coalition Faces Difficult Test |agency=Associated Press |date=December 21, 1989 |work=Albany Times Union |archivedate=December 6, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121206003526/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-156057540.html |accessdate=August 31, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref>  Noriega had planned to declare Duque the winner regardless of the actual results.  However, by this time Duque knew he had been comprehensively defeated by Endara and refused to go along.<ref name="ToT">{{cite book |title=In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990 |last=Koster |first=R.M. |author2=Guillermo Sánchez |year=1990 |publisher=Norton |location=New York City |isbn=0-393-02696-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/intimeoftyrantsp00kost }}</ref>
-The next day, Endara and one of his running mates, [[Guillermo Ford]], were badly beaten by a detachment of [[Dignity Battalions]], a paramilitary group supporting Noriega.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-05-11/news/8901240885_1_guillermo-endara-dignity-battalions-noriega-regime |title=Panama Violence Spreads Thugs Attack 3 Anti-noriega Candidates |author=Gregory Katz |date=May 11, 1989 |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |archivedate=July 4, 2013 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704011221/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-05-11/news/8901240885_1_guillermo-endara-dignity-battalions-noriega-regime |accessdate=August 31, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/world/americas/30endara.html|title=Guillermo Endara, Who Helped Lead Panama From Noriega to Democracy, Dies at 73|accessdate=August 31, 2012 |work=The New York Times|author=Douglas Martin |date=September 30, 2009}}</ref> Endara was struck with an iron club and was briefly hospitalized, receiving eight stitches.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3893446&dq=endara+stitches&hl=en |title=Panama declares election result void; Endara hurt |date=May 11, 1989 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|url-status=live |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130103062620/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3893446&dq=endara+stitches&hl=en |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref> Images of the attack on Endara and Ford were carried by media around the world, and were credited with leading up to the US invasion that would soon follow.<ref name=NYT /><ref name=WP90>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107830.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619121220/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107830.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 19, 2014 |title=Panama's Philosopher Pol;Ricardo Arias Calderon's Leap From Exiled Academic to Vice President |author=[[Myra MacPherson]] |date=January 30, 1990 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=August 31, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref name=I>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20832533.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103073838/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20832533.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |title=Guillermo Endara |author=Phil Davison |date=October 2, 2009 |work=The Independent |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
+The next day, Endara and one of his running mates, [[Guillermo Ford]], were badly beaten by a detachment of [[Dignity Battalions]], a paramilitary group supporting Noriega.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-05-11/news/8901240885_1_guillermo-endara-dignity-battalions-noriega-regime |title=Panama Violence Spreads Thugs Attack 3 Anti-noriega Candidates |author=Gregory Katz |date=May 11, 1989 |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |archivedate=July 4, 2013 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704011221/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-05-11/news/8901240885_1_guillermo-endara-dignity-battalions-noriega-regime |accessdate=August 31, 2012 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/world/americas/30endara.html|title=Guillermo Endara, Who Helped Lead Panama From Noriega to Democracy, Dies at 73|accessdate=August 31, 2012 |work=The New York Times|author=Douglas Martin |date=September 30, 2009}}</ref> Endara was struck with an iron club and was briefly hospitalized, receiving eight stitches.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3893446&dq=endara+stitches&hl=en |title=Panama declares election result void; Endara hurt |date=May 11, 1989 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|url-status=live |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130103062620/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hfJRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4927,3893446&dq=endara+stitches&hl=en |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref> Images of the attack on Endara and Ford were carried by media around the world, and were credited with leading up to the US invasion that would soon follow.<ref name=NYT /><ref name=WP90>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107830.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619121220/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1107830.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 19, 2014 |title=Panama's Philosopher Pol;Ricardo Arias Calderon's Leap From Exiled Academic to Vice President |author=Myra MacPherson |author-link=Myra MacPherson |date=January 30, 1990 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name=I>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20832533.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103073838/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20832533.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |title=Guillermo Endara |author=Phil Davison |date=October 2, 2009 |work=The Independent |accessdate=August 31, 2012}}</ref>
 == Post-election career ==
-Duque was an opponent of the 1989 [[US invasion of Panama]] which deposed Noriega, calling it "the biggest error" and urging  "nationalist parties" to battle US forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3976115.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117005955/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3976115.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |title=Noriega backers call invasion 'genocide' |author=Alina Guerrero |date=December 20, 1990 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Several months after the invasion, US federal prosecutors accused Duque's company, Transit S.A., of funneling millions of dollars in kickbacks to the former ruler from a coffee-smuggling operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1110632.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406220642/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1110632.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 6, 2016 |title=Noriega Tied To Smuggling Of Coffee;Kickbacks Alleged To Reach Millions |date=February 15, 1990 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 2, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
+Duque was an opponent of the 1989 [[US invasion of Panama]] which deposed Noriega, calling it "the biggest error" and urging  "nationalist parties" to battle US forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3976115.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117005955/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3976115.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |title=Noriega backers call invasion 'genocide' |author=Alina Guerrero |date=December 20, 1990 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |accessdate=September 2, 2012}}</ref> Several months after the invasion, US federal prosecutors accused Duque's company, Transit S.A., of funneling millions of dollars in kickbacks to the former ruler from a coffee-smuggling operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1110632.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406220642/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1110632.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 6, 2016 |title=Noriega Tied To Smuggling Of Coffee;Kickbacks Alleged To Reach Millions |date=February 15, 1990 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=September 2, 2012}}</ref>
-In 1999, he worked on the campaign of PRD presidential candidate [[Martín Torrijos]], son of former military ruler [[Omar Torrijos]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54213310.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415201146/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54213310.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 15, 2017 |title=Another Torrijos |date=March 27, 1999 |work=The Economist |publisher= {{Subscription required|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}|accessdate=18 September 2012}}</ref> Martín Torrijos lost the [[1999 Panamanian general election|presidential election]] that year to [[Mireya Moscoso]], but went on to win [[2004 Panamanian general election|in 2004]].
+In 1999, he worked on the campaign of PRD presidential candidate [[Martín Torrijos]], son of former military ruler [[Omar Torrijos]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54213310.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415201146/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54213310.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 15, 2017 |title=Another Torrijos |date=March 27, 1999 |work=The Economist |via=[[HighBeam Research]]|accessdate=18 September 2012}}</ref> Martín Torrijos lost the [[1999 Panamanian general election|presidential election]] that year to [[Mireya Moscoso]], but went on to win [[2004 Panamanian general election|in 2004]].
 == References ==