Galloway Adriatic
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| Galloway Adriatic | |
|---|---|
| |
| Type | Water-cooled inline-6 aero engine |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Galloway Engineering |
| First run | 1916 |
| Major applications | Airco DH4 |
| Number built | 92 |
| Developed from | Beardmore 160 hp |
| Developed into | Galloway Atlantic |
The Galloway Adriatic was a WW1 era inline-6 aircraft engine. In British military service the engine was known as the 230 hp BHP, a designation it shared with the more numerous Siddeley Puma. Although the Adriatic and Puma both followed a similar design, they had different dimensions and few interchangeable parts.[1]
Design and development
The Adriatic's cylinders were constructed in groups of 3 with each block being made from a single aluminum casting.[2][3] The relatively large and intricate aluminum casting was challenging to produce which led to significant production delays.[3]
3 steel cylinder liners were screwed into a single iron casting which formed the head. A single steel stamping formed the cooling water jacket for groups of 3 cylinders.[4] It is notable that the Siddeley Puma's cylinder heads and water jackets are made of aluminum.[5]
Each cylinder contained one large inlet valve and two smaller exhaust valves. This unusual three valve per cylinder design was common to both the Adriatic and Puma engines.[1]
The crankshaft was a hollow forging made of chrome-nickel steel supported by 8 bearings. 7 were plain bearings made of babbitt alloy encased in steel shells. The other bearing was a double thrust rolling-element bearing which took all the axial load from the propeller.[2] The camshaft was fitted in an aluminum housing running the entire length of the engine.[4]
Ignition system had 100% redundancy with 2 spark plugs per cylinder and 2 magnetos. Cylinder firing order was 1,5,3,6,2,4[2]
Some Adriatic engines were fitted with experimental superchargers designed by Harry Ricardo.[3]
Production
The Adriatic was produced at Galloway’s Kirkcudbright facility near Dumfries in Scotland. Galloway Engineering were a subsidiary of William Beardmore and Company specifically setup to produce Beardmore Halford Pullinger (BHP) engines. Some parts for the engines were produced by Arrol-Johnston (another Beardmore subsidiary) in the town of Dumfries.[3]
The Adriatic was one of a series of upright water-cooled inline aircraft engines produced by Beardmore and its subsidiary companies. Production of these engines had started in 1913 when Beardmore acquired the rights for licensed production of the Austro-Daimler 6. At the time, Arrol-Johnson was also producing the Beardmore 160 hp. Both the Galloway Adriatic and the Beardmore 160 hp were partly designed by Frank Halford.[3]
In addition to the 92 engines Adriatic engine produced by Galloway, the firm also suppled components to Siddeley-Deasy for use in the more numerous Siddeley Puma.[3]
At the end of WW1, the RAF had 89 Adriatic and 3,255 Puma engines in service. All of the Adriatic engines were fitted to aircraft based in the United Kingdom.[5]
Applications
Specifications
Data from Engineering[2] and Lumsden[3]
General characteristics
- Type: Water–cooled, upright, Inline-6 piston engine
- Bore: 5.71 in (145 mm)
- Stroke: 7.48 in (190 mm)
- Displacement: 1,149.24 cu in (18.83 L)
- Length: 67.2 in (1,707 mm)
- Width: 18.7 in (475 mm)
- Height: 43.7 in (1,110 mm)
- Dry weight: Engine Only: 605 lb (274 kg). With radiator and cooling piping:767 lb (348 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain: 1 intake + 2 exhaust valves per cylinder.
- Fuel system: Two Zenith carburettors mounted on the right side of the crankcase
- Fuel type: Gasoline
- Oil system: Dry sump. Vacuum distilled mineral oil.
- Cooling system: Water-cooled. 1 centrifugal pump.
- Reduction gear: None. Direct drive.
- Rotation: Counterclockwise when looking end on at the propeller hub
Performance
- Power output: 240 hp (179 kW) @ 1400 rpm
- Compression ratio: 4.96:1
- Fuel consumption: 17.5 imp gal/h (80 L/h)
- Oil consumption: 7 imp pt/h (4 L/h)
See also
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
- ^ a b R.A.F Field Service Pocket Book. April 1918. pp. 10–11.
- ^ a b c d "The "B.H.P" Aeroplane Engine". Engineering. 108 (2796). United Kingdom: 135–137. 1 August 1919.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lumsden, Alec (2002). British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Airlife Publishing. pp. 81–86. ISBN 1853102946.
- ^ a b Angle, Glenn D. (1921). Airplane Engine Encyclopedia. Dayton, Ohio, USA: The Otterbein Press. pp. 207–210.
- ^ a b Bruce, J.M; Noel, Jean (1965). The de Havilland D.H.4. 26. United Kingdom: Profile Publications. ASIN B0007JXD8K.