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{{Short description|Italian pilot (1882–1939)}}
[[File:Giulio Gavotti.jpg|thumb|Giulio Gavotti on a [[Farman]] biplane, Rome 1910.]]
[[File:Giulio Gavotti.jpg|thumb|Giulio Gavotti on a [[Farman]] biplane in Rome (1910)]]
'''Giulio Gavotti''' (17 October 1882 in [[Genoa]] – 6 October 1939) was an [[Italian Army|Italian]] [[lieutenant]] and pilot, who fought in the [[Italo-Turkish War]]. He set two firsts in the history of [[aerial warfare]] of [[heavier-than-air]] flyers: he was the first man to make an aerial bombardment, as well as the first to perform a night mission.
'''Giulio Gavotti''' (17 October 1882 in [[Genoa]] – 6 October 1939) was an [[Italian Army|Italian]] [[lieutenant]] and pilot who fought in the [[Italo-Turkish War]].


==Aerial bombardment==
==Aerial bombardment==
On 1 November 1911, he flew his early model [[Etrich Taube]] monoplane against [[Military of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman military]] in [[Libya]].{{r|Flight100_59}}{{r|i}}{{r|c}} He took four grenades ("''Cipelli''"{{r|c}}) to a leather pouch, each of a size of grapefruit and weighing{{r|i}} approximately four pounds. Flying at an altitude of 600 feet, Gavotti screwed in the detonators and tossed each missile over the side{{r|Flight100_59}} - three onto the [[Tagiura]] ([[Jagiura]]) [[oasis]], and one more onto [[military camp]] at [[Ain Zara]].{{r|i}}{{r|c}} Gavotti’s scheme injured no one.<ref>http://axisofevelknievel.blogspot.com/2007_11_01_archive.html</ref>
On 1 November 1911, he flew his early model [[Etrich Taube]] monoplane against [[Military of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman military]] in [[Libya]].{{r|Flight100_59}}{{r|i}}{{r|c}} He took four grenades ("''Cipelli''"{{r|c}}) in a leather pouch, each of a size of grapefruit and weighing about four pounds.{{r|i}} Flying at an altitude of 600 feet, Gavotti screwed in the detonators and tossed each munition over the side{{r|Flight100_59}}—three onto the [[Tagiura]] ([[Jagiura]]) [[oasis]] and one more onto [[military camp]] at [[Ain Zara]].{{r|i}} This event is the first recorded [[airstrike]] launched from an airplane.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lindqvist |first=Sven |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44794868 |title=A history of bombing |date=2001 |publisher=New Press |isbn=1-56584-625-7 |location=New York |oclc=44794868}}</ref>{{r|c}}


⚫
After this and further missions, the [[Ottoman Empire]] issued a protest. The dropping of bombs from [[balloon]]s had been outlawed by the [[Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907|Hague Convention of 1899]], but Italy argued that this ban did not extend to heavier-than-air craft.<ref name="Flight100_59" />
⚫
The oldest known preserved Etrich Taube, in [[Technisches Museum Wien|Vienna, Austria]], is possibly a near-twin to the aircraft Gavotti flew in 1911, as both are said to have been powered with inline-four cylinder liquid-cooled powerplants.


⚫
The oldest known preserved Etrich Taube, in [[Technisches Museum Wien|Vienna, Austria]], is possibly a near-twin to the aircraft Gavotti flew in 1911, as both are said to have been powered with inline four-cylinder liquid-cooled powerplants.
⚫
After this and further missions, the [[Ottoman Empire]] issued a protest. The dropping of bombs from [[balloon]]s had been outlawed by the [[Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907|Hague Convention of 1899]], but Italy argued that this ban did not extend to heavier-than-air craft.<ref name="Flight100_59"/>


==Night mission==
==Night mission==
Gavotti performed the historically first night mission of a heavier-than-air aircraft. It took place as part of the same campaign in Libya on 4 March 1912.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13294524 | title=Libya 1911: How an Italian pilot began the air war era | work=BBC News Website | date=May 10, 2011 | accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref>
Gavotti performed the historically first night mission of a heavier-than-air aircraft. It took place as part of the same campaign in Libya on 4 March 1912.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13294524 | title=Libya 1911: How an Italian pilot began the air war era | work=BBC News Website | date=May 10, 2011 | accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 23: Line 24:
<ref name="Flight100_59">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=R.G. |title=Flight - 100 Years of Aviation |pages=59 |publisher=Dorling-Kindersley Limited |year=2004 |isbn=1-4053-0575-4 }}</ref>
<ref name="Flight100_59">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=R.G. |title=Flight - 100 Years of Aviation |pages=59 |publisher=Dorling-Kindersley Limited |year=2004 |isbn=1-4053-0575-4 }}</ref>


<ref name="i">[http://books.google.com/books?id=X-YiU-PJ0ogC&pg=PA38 ''The influence of air power upon history'' by Walter J. Boyne, p.38]</ref>
<ref name="i">[https://archive.org/details/influenceofairpo0000boyn/page/38 ''The influence of air power upon history'' by Walter J. Boyne, p.38]</ref>


<ref name=c>{{cite book|last=Chant|first=Christopher|title=Austro-Hungarian aces of World War 1|year=2002|publisher=Osprey|location=Oxford|isbn=1-84176-376-4|pages=38–39|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YmwNv_9_cL4C&lpg=PA39&dq=Tripoli%20first%20bombed%201914&pg=PA39#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>
<ref name=c>{{cite book|last=Chant|first=Christopher|title=Austro-Hungarian aces of World War 1|year=2002|publisher=Osprey|location=Oxford|isbn=1-84176-376-4|pages=38–39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YmwNv_9_cL4C&q=Tripoli%20first%20bombed%201914&pg=PA39}}</ref>


}}
}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Gavotti, Giulio
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Italian Air Force officer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 17 October 1882
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 6 October 1939
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gavotti, Giulio}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gavotti, Giulio}}
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Genoa]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Genoa]]
[[Category:Italian Air Force personnel]]
[[Category:Italian Air Force personnel]]
[[Category:Italian military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War]]
[[Category:Italian military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War]]
[[Category:Italian aviation pioneers]]

{{Italy-mil-bio-stub}}
{{Italy-mil-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 04:25, 12 April 2024

Giulio Gavotti on a Farman biplane in Rome (1910)

Giulio Gavotti (17 October 1882 in Genoa – 6 October 1939) was an Italian lieutenant and pilot who fought in the Italo-Turkish War.

Aerial bombardment[edit]

On 1 November 1911, he flew his early model Etrich Taube monoplane against Ottoman military in Libya.[1][2][3] He took four grenades ("Cipelli"[3]) in a leather pouch, each of a size of grapefruit and weighing about four pounds.[2] Flying at an altitude of 600 feet, Gavotti screwed in the detonators and tossed each munition over the side[1]—three onto the Tagiura (Jagiura) oasis and one more onto military camp at Ain Zara.[2] This event is the first recorded airstrike launched from an airplane.[4][3]

After this and further missions, the Ottoman Empire issued a protest. The dropping of bombs from balloons had been outlawed by the Hague Convention of 1899, but Italy argued that this ban did not extend to heavier-than-air craft.[1]

The oldest known preserved Etrich Taube, in Vienna, Austria, is possibly a near-twin to the aircraft Gavotti flew in 1911, as both are said to have been powered with inline four-cylinder liquid-cooled powerplants.

Night mission[edit]

Gavotti performed the historically first night mission of a heavier-than-air aircraft. It took place as part of the same campaign in Libya on 4 March 1912.[5]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Grant, R.G. (2004). Flight - 100 Years of Aviation. Dorling-Kindersley Limited. p. 59. ISBN 1-4053-0575-4.
  2. ^ a b c d The influence of air power upon history by Walter J. Boyne, p.38
  3. ^ a b c d Chant, Christopher (2002). Austro-Hungarian aces of World War 1. Oxford: Osprey. pp. 38–39. ISBN 1-84176-376-4.
  4. ^ Lindqvist, Sven (2001). A history of bombing. New York: New Press. ISBN 1-56584-625-7. OCLC 44794868.
  5. ^ "Libya 1911: How an Italian pilot began the air war era". BBC News Website. May 10, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
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