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{{Short description|Species of plant of the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia}}
{{speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Hakea corymbosa.JPG
|image = Hakea corymbosa.JPG
|genus = Hakea
|genus = Hakea
|species = corymbosa
|species = corymbosa
|authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]]<ref name=APNI>{{cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Hakea+corymbosa|title=''Hakea corymbosa'' |accessdate=5 May 2013|work= [[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI), IBIS database|publisher = Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra}}</ref>
|authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]]<ref name=APNI>{{cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Hakea+corymbosa|title=''Hakea corymbosa'' |access-date=5 May 2013|work= [[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI), IBIS database|publisher = Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra}}</ref>
|range_map = Hakea corymbosaDistMap28.png
⚫
|}}
|range_map_caption = Occurrence data from [[Australasian Virtual Herbarium]]
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}}
[[File:Hcorymbosa3.JPG|thumb|''H. corymbosa'' flowers and foliage]]
[[File:Hcorymbosa3.JPG|thumb|''H. corymbosa'' flowers and foliage]]
'''''Hakea corymbosa''''', commonly known as the '''cauliflower hakea''', is a plant of the family [[Proteaceae]] which is endemic to the [[Southwest Australia (ecoregion)|south-west]] of [[Western Australia]]. It grows as a shrub to 2 m high with prickly foliage and green-yellow flowers that appear over winter (May to September). It grows in heath or woodland, on sandy or lateritic soils.
'''''Hakea corymbosa''''', commonly known as the '''cauliflower hakea'''<ref name="DUI">{{cite book |last1=Holliday |first1=Ivan |title=Hakeas: A Field and Garden Guide |year=2005 |publisher=Reed New Holland |isbn=1-877069-14-0|page=48}}</ref> is a plant of the family [[Proteaceae]] which is endemic to the [[Southwest Australia (ecoregion)|south-west]] of [[Western Australia]]. An attractive extremely prickly bush with sweetly scented yellowish flowers. The nectar rich blooms and dense form provides a good habitat for wildlife.


==Description==
==Description==
The erect shrub typically grows to a height of {{convert|0.5|to|2|m|ft|1}} and has no [[lignotuber]].<ref name=florabase/> The bark is smooth and grey.<ref name="PCA">{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Jennifer A. |title=Hakeas of Western Australia:Botanical Districts of Roe and Eyre | pages=46–47 | year=2000 |publisher=J A Young |isbn=0-9585778-1-1}}</ref> It blooms between May and September and has yellow and green axillary flower clusters which are followed by woody seed capsules that are {{convert|2|to|3|cm|in|1}} long and about {{convert|1.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} wide. The prickly smooth leaves are {{convert|2.5|to|12|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|0.2|to|0.8|cm|in|3|abbr=on}} wide,<ref name=florabase>{{FloraBase|name=''Hakea corymbosa'| |id=2145 }}</ref><ref name=GNP>{{cite web|title=''Hakea corymbosa''|work=Growing Native Plants|publisher=Australian National Botanic Gardens|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2005/hakea-corymbosa.html|accessdate=5 May 2013}}</ref> and are alternately arranged along the stems.<ref name=GNP/>
''Hakea corymbosa'' is a non [[lignotuberous]] erect multi-branched shrub growing to {{convert|0.5|to|2|m|ft|1}} high and {{convert|2.5-3|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The young shoots are referred to as "water canes", when mature they develop into a new cluster of foliage. The shrub becomes extremely dense and prickly, the foliage appearing like clusters of "clouds". The narrow waxy leaves are {{convert|2.5|to|12|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|0.2|to|0.8|cm|in|3|abbr=on}} wide on lower parts but [[Whorl (botany)|whorled]] near the flowers. Leaves are alternately arranged along the stems with a distinct centre vein on the upper side and three on the underside ending in a sharp point. The [[inflorescence]] consists of 12-18 flowers appearing in profusion in leaf axils. The [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] is {{convert|3.5-5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and smooth. The [[perianth]] is a pale yellow-green. Woody fruit have a roughish texture, broadly egg-shaped {{convert|2|to|3|cm|in|1}} long and {{convert|1.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} wide ending in a short sharp point without a beak. The winged seed measures {{convert|12|–|17|mm|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6.5|–|11|mm|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name=florabase>{{FloraBase|name=''Hakea corymbosa''| |id=2145 }}</ref><ref name="JAY">{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=J A |title=Hakeas of Western Australia:Botanical District of Roe and Eyre |date=2000 |publisher=J A Young |isbn=0-9585778-1-1}}</ref><ref name=GNP>{{cite web|title=''Hakea corymbosa''|work=Growing Native Plants|publisher=Australian National Botanic Gardens|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2005/hakea-corymbosa.html|access-date=5 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="PCA">{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=J A |title=Hakeas of Western Australia:A Field and Identification Guide |publisher=J A Young |isbn=0-9585778-2-X}}</ref><ref name="FoA">{{cite book |editor-last1=Wilson |editor-first1=Annette |last1=Barker |first1=Robyn M. |last2=Haegi |first2=Laurence A. |last3=Barker |first3=William R. |title=Flora of Australia (Volume 17B, Proteaceae 3, ''Hakea'' to ''Dryandra'') |date=1999 |publisher=ABRS / CSIRO |location=Canberra / Melbourne |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref>


⚫
==Taxonomy and naming==
The winged seed measures 12–17 mm long and 6.5–11 mm wide.<ref name=florabase/>
⚫
''Hakea corymbosa'' was first formally described by the botanist [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] in 1830 as part of the work ''[[Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2909137#names|title=''Hakea corymbosa'' R.Br.|access-date=12 October 2018|work=Atlas of Living Australia|publisher=[[Global Biodiversity Information Facility]]}}</ref> The type specimen had been collected at [[King George Sound (Western Australia)|King George Sound]] by [[William Baxter (botanist)|William Baxter]] in 1823.<ref name="Brown 1830">{{cite book | author = Brown, Robert | year = 1830 | title = Proteaceas Novas. Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae | page=28 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/23925959 | location = London, United Kingdom | publisher = Richard Taylor | author-link = Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)}}</ref> The [[botanical name|specific epithet]] ''(corymbosa)'' is derived from the [[Latin]] ''corymbus'' meaning "bunch of flowers", "peak" or "top"<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>{{rp|214}} referring to the flowers growing as a flat top or in a convex arrangement.<ref name="SAF">{{cite web |title=''Hakea corymbosa'' |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/lucid/Hakea/key/Australian%20Hakea%20species/Media/Html/Hakea_corymbosa.htm |website=Flora of South Australia:Online |publisher=South Australian Government |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref> A lignotuberous form with bright yellow flowers found north of Perth was classified as a separate species, ''[[Hakea eneabba]]''.<ref name=DUI/>

⚫
==Taxonomy==
⚫
The species was first formally described by the botanist [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] in 1830 as part of the work ''Proteaceas Novas. Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2909137#names|title=''Hakea corymbosa'' R.Br.|accessdate=12 October 2018|work=Atlas of Living Australia|publisher=[[Global Biodiversity Information Facility]]}}</ref> The type specimen had been collected at [[King George Sound (Western Australia)|King George Sound]] by [[William Baxter (botanist)|William Baxter]] in 1823.<ref name="Brown 1830">{{cite book | author = Brown, Robert | year = 1830 | title = Proteaceas Novas. Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae | page=28 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/23925959 | location = London, United Kingdom | publisher = Richard Taylor | authorlink = Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)}}</ref> The species name is derived from the flowers being arranged in [[corymb]]s.<ref name=GNP/> A broad-leaved lignotuberous form found north of Perth was classified as a separate species, ''[[Hakea eneabba]]''.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
The shrub is native to the [[Great Southern (Western Australia)|Great Southern]], southern [[Wheatbelt (Western Australia)|Wheatbelt]] and [[Goldfields-Esperance]] regions of Western Australia from [[Williams, Western Australia|Williams]] in the west, [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]] in the south to [[Kondinin, Western Australia|Kondinin]] in the north and [[Cape Arid]] in the east. It is found in acid to slightly alkaline,<ref name=enc>{{cite book | last1=Elliot | first1=Rodger W. | last2=Jones | first2=David L. | last3=Blake | first3=Trevor |title=Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Vol. 5 |year=1990 |page=197 |publisher=Lothian Press |location=Port Melbourne |isbn=0-85091-285-7}}</ref> sandy soils over or around [[laterite]] or [[granite]],<ref name=florabase/> in [[heath]] or [[woodland]].<ref name="PCA"/>
''Hakea corymbosa'' is native to the [[Great Southern (Western Australia)|Great Southern]], southern [[Wheatbelt (Western Australia)|Wheatbelt]] and [[Goldfields-Esperance]] regions of Western Australia from [[Williams, Western Australia|Williams]] in the west, [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]] in the south to [[Kondinin, Western Australia|Kondinin]] in the north and [[Cape Arid]] in the east. It is found in acid to slightly alkaline, sandy soils over or around [[laterite]] or [[granite]], in [[heath]] or [[woodland]].<ref name=florabase/><ref name="PCA"/><ref name=enc>{{cite book | last1=Elliot | first1=Rodger W. | last2=Jones | first2=David L. | last3=Blake | first3=Trevor |title=Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Vol. 5 |year=1990 |page=197 |publisher=Lothian Press |location=Port Melbourne |isbn=0-85091-285-7}}</ref>


==Use in horticulture==
==Cultivation==
''H. corymbosa'' can be grown in a sunny location in most soil types, preferring temperate climates receiving over {{convert|400|mm|in|sigfig=2}} rainfall a year.<ref name="DUI">{{cite book |last1=Holliday |first1=Ivan |title=Hakeas: A Field and Garden Guide |publisher=Reed New Holland |isbn=1-877069-14-0|page=48}}</ref> Plants in a shady spot tend to have elongated growth.<ref name=enc/> The flowers attract birds to the garden.<ref name=GNP/> It can be grown as a windbreak, hedge or for erosion control.<ref name="PCA"/> Propagation is by seed, preferably gathered using gloves due to the prickliness of the foliage.<ref name = "Wrigley 1991">{{cite book| last = Wrigley | first = John |author2=Fagg, Murray | title = Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas | year = 1991 | publisher = Angus & Robertson | location = Sydney, New South Wales | isbn = 0-207-17277-3|page = 368}}</ref>
''Hakea corymbosa'' can be grown in a sunny location in most soil types, preferring temperate climates receiving over {{convert|400|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} rainfall a year. Plants in a shady spot tend to have elongated growth. It can be grown as a windbreak, hedge or for erosion control. ''Hakea corymbosa'' is recommended for attracting birds as it provides a dense safe haven with its prickly habit and nectar rich flowers as a food source. Propagation is by seed, preferably gathered using gloves due to the prickliness of the foliage.<ref name="DUI"/><ref name="PCA"/><ref name=enc/><ref name = "Wrigley 1991">{{cite book| last = Wrigley | first = John |author2=Fagg, Murray | title = Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas | year = 1991 | publisher = Angus & Robertson | location = Sydney, New South Wales | isbn = 0-207-17277-3|page = 368}}</ref><ref name="ANBG">{{cite web |title=''Hakea corymbosa'' |url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2005/hakea-corymbosa.html |website=Australian National Botanic Gardens |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref>


== References==
== References==
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{{Commons category|position=left}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{Flora of Australia Online|name=''Hakea corymbosa''}}
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{{Commons category}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q5640378}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5640378}}
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[[Category:Eudicots of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Eudicots of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1830]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1830]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Robert Brown]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)]]

Latest revision as of 21:12, 30 December 2023

Hakea corymbosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Hakea
Species:
H. corymbosa
Binomial name
Hakea corymbosa
Occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium
H. corymbosa flowers and foliage

Hakea corymbosa, commonly known as the cauliflower hakea[2] is a plant of the family Proteaceae which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. An attractive extremely prickly bush with sweetly scented yellowish flowers. The nectar rich blooms and dense form provides a good habitat for wildlife.

Description[edit]

Hakea corymbosa is a non lignotuberous erect multi-branched shrub growing to 0.5 to 2 metres (1.6 to 6.6 ft) high and 2.5–3 m (8–10 ft) wide. The young shoots are referred to as "water canes", when mature they develop into a new cluster of foliage. The shrub becomes extremely dense and prickly, the foliage appearing like clusters of "clouds". The narrow waxy leaves are 2.5 to 12 cm (1.0 to 4.7 in) long and 0.2 to 0.8 cm (0.079 to 0.315 in) wide on lower parts but whorled near the flowers. Leaves are alternately arranged along the stems with a distinct centre vein on the upper side and three on the underside ending in a sharp point. The inflorescence consists of 12-18 flowers appearing in profusion in leaf axils. The pedicel is 3.5–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and smooth. The perianth is a pale yellow-green. Woody fruit have a roughish texture, broadly egg-shaped 2 to 3 centimetres (0.8 to 1.2 in) long and 1.5 cm (0.59 in) wide ending in a short sharp point without a beak. The winged seed measures 12–17 mm (0.47–0.67 in) long and 6.5–11 mm (0.26–0.43 in) wide.[3][4][5][6][7]

Taxonomy and naming[edit]

Hakea corymbosa was first formally described by the botanist Robert Brown in 1830 as part of the work Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae.[8] The type specimen had been collected at King George Sound by William Baxter in 1823.[9] The specific epithet (corymbosa) is derived from the Latin corymbus meaning "bunch of flowers", "peak" or "top"[10]: 214  referring to the flowers growing as a flat top or in a convex arrangement.[11] A lignotuberous form with bright yellow flowers found north of Perth was classified as a separate species, Hakea eneabba.[2]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

Hakea corymbosa is native to the Great Southern, southern Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia from Williams in the west, Albany in the south to Kondinin in the north and Cape Arid in the east. It is found in acid to slightly alkaline, sandy soils over or around laterite or granite, in heath or woodland.[3][6][12]

Use in horticulture[edit]

Hakea corymbosa can be grown in a sunny location in most soil types, preferring temperate climates receiving over 400 mm (16 in) rainfall a year. Plants in a shady spot tend to have elongated growth. It can be grown as a windbreak, hedge or for erosion control. Hakea corymbosa is recommended for attracting birds as it provides a dense safe haven with its prickly habit and nectar rich flowers as a food source. Propagation is by seed, preferably gathered using gloves due to the prickliness of the foliage.[2][6][12][13][14]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hakea corymbosa.
  1. ^ "Hakea corymbosa". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  2. ^ a b c Holliday, Ivan (2005). Hakeas: A Field and Garden Guide. Reed New Holland. p. 48. ISBN 1-877069-14-0.
  3. ^ a b "Hakea corymbosa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. ^ Young, J A (2000). Hakeas of Western Australia:Botanical District of Roe and Eyre. J A Young. ISBN 0-9585778-1-1.
  5. ^ "Hakea corymbosa". Growing Native Plants. Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  6. ^ a b c Young, J A. Hakeas of Western Australia:A Field and Identification Guide. J A Young. ISBN 0-9585778-2-X.
  7. ^ Barker, Robyn M.; Haegi, Laurence A.; Barker, William R. (1999). Wilson, Annette (ed.). Flora of Australia (Volume 17B, Proteaceae 3, Hakea to Dryandra) (PDF). Canberra / Melbourne: ABRS / CSIRO. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  8. ^ "Hakea corymbosa R.Br". Atlas of Living Australia. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  9. ^ Brown, Robert (1830). Proteaceas Novas. Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae. London, United Kingdom: Richard Taylor. p. 28.
  10. ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  11. ^ "Hakea corymbosa". Flora of South Australia:Online. South Australian Government. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  12. ^ a b Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L.; Blake, Trevor (1990). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Vol. 5. Port Melbourne: Lothian Press. p. 197. ISBN 0-85091-285-7.
  13. ^ Wrigley, John; Fagg, Murray (1991). Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas. Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson. p. 368. ISBN 0-207-17277-3.
  14. ^ "Hakea corymbosa". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
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