Kayani Ghakar and Edward Amoore: Difference between pages
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'''Kayani Mughal''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]: ''' کیانی مغل ''' ) are a clan of [[Mughal (tribe)|Mughal]] tribe settled in [[Pakistan]]. |
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{{MedalSport|Men's [[Shooting at the Summer Olympics|Shooting]]}} |
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{{MedalGold| [[1908 Summer Olympics|1908 London]] | [[Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics - Men's team small-bore rifle|Team small-bore rifle]]}} |
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{{MedalBronze| [[1908 Summer Olympics|1908 London]] | [[Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics - Men's disappearing target small-bore rifle|Disappearing target small-bore rifle]]}} |
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{{MedalBottom}} |
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'''Edward John Amoore''' ([[March 20]], [[1877]] – [[July 11]], [[1955]]) was a [[Great Britain|British]] [[Sport shooting|sport shooter]], who competed in the [[1908 Summer Olympics]]. |
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== History == |
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Mughals are a [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] tribe of [[Turkic]] origin settled [[Central Asia]], [[Middle East]] and [[South Asia]]. The Mughal tribe is settled all over [[Pakistan]]. There are many clans of Mughal]] tribe in [[Sindh]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]], [[North-West Frontier Province]] and [[Kashmir]] provinces of [[Pakistan]]. |
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In the 1908 Olympics he won a gold medal in the team small-bore rifle event, bronze in the disappearing target small-bore rifle event, was fifth in the stationary target small-bore rifle event and 19th in the moving target small-bore rifle event. |
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Kayani and Mughal are two words, each with meanings and uses of its own. For use of word [[Mughal]] please see word [[Mongol]]. [[Mughal]] is an [[Persian language|Persian]] variation of word Mongol. Mongols were a people who established a world wide empire that world has ever seem in the 12th century. |
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==External links== |
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Word [[Kayani]] is [[Persian people|Persian]] in its origin and is written in various forms e.g. [[Kiani]], Keyani, Kaiyani, Kiyani, etc. In the [[Urdu language|Urdu]] dictionary 'Ferozulughaat' third edition published by [[Feroz and Sons]], [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]], in 1983, it is stated that word Kayani means related to [[Kayanian dynasty|Kay]], or related to kings. |
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*[http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=AMOOREDW01 profile] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Amoore, Edward}} |
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Mughal is Persian name for Mongols who comes from [[Mongolia]] in 12th century in [[Central Asia]] ([[Turkistan]]) in the leadership of [[Genghis Khan|Chegis Khan]] and in [[South Asia]] in 15th century in the leadership of [[Timur|Amir Timur]] and his descendent [[Babur|Zahir ud-din Muhammad Babur]] while Kayani is a title used by [[Gakhars]]s living in [[Pakistan]] and mainly in [[Pothohar Plateau|Pothohar]] region of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]. |
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[[Category:1955 deaths]] |
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[[Category:British sport shooters]] |
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[[Category:Olympic shooters of Great Britain]] |
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[[Category:Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics]] |
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[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Great Britain]] |
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[[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Great Britain]] |
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[[no:Edward Amoore]] |
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== [[Gakhars]] tribe history == |
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There are no primary sources for the ancient Gakhars. The best secondary sources are Ferishta's history completed in 1606 and "Kaygawharnāma" by Rāyzāda Dunīchand Bālī which was written in 1725. The "Kaygawharnāma" can be read as a direct rebuttal of Ferishtas history and disagrees with it on almost every point. |
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The "Kaygawharnāma" claims the [[Gakhars]] were Sassanian Persian nobles who, with their knights, were driven to exile into the northeast frontier of the Sassanian empire, in modern day China, Tibet and Kashmir. Gakhars also use the ancient royal Persian title "Kay or "Kayani possibly as they claim of descent of semi-mythological Kayani dynasty of ancient Greater Iran. The clan later joined forces with the Mahmud of Ghazni in his invasion of 1008 and were rewarded with the kingdom of Potohar, which has since been the territory of the clan. |
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While by Ferishta's account, the [[Gakhars]] were pagan hill tribe (suggested as possibly descendants of Alexander the Great's army who attacked Rai Por at Battle of Hydaspes in 326 BC.) who first rose to prominence in the year 682 when the Raja of Lahore submitted to terms from the Gakhars. "This treaty included the cession of certain territories in perpetuity to the Gakhars... that they should protect the Indian frontier from the Muslim invasions." Anandapal, son of Jayapala Maharaja of Punjab, "...with the Gakhars, and other warlike tribes..." forght a critical battle against the Muslim invader Mahmud of Ghazni in the Punjab in the year 1008. "Mahmud, having thus secured himself, ordered six thousand archers to the front to endeavour to provoke the enemy to attack his entrenchments. The archers were opposed by the Gakhars, who, inspite of the King's (Mahmud of Ghazni) efforts and presence, repulsed his light troops, and followed them so closely, that no less than 30,000 Gakhars with their heads and feet bare, and armed with various weapons, penetrated into the Muslim lines, where a dreadful carnage ensured, and 5000 Muslims in a few minutes were slain." Nevertheless, Anandapal and his army was eventually crushed. Despite forced conversion in 1204, according to Ferishta the Gakhars maintained a largely successful resistance to the Muslim kingdoms that followed. |
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Though modern day Pakistan was once part of the Sassanian empire and there is both physical and historical evidence of Sassanian knights in modern day China, Tibet and Kashmir there is no real evidence that Raezadeh Diwan Dunni Chand's account is true, as he himself freely admits in the "Kaigoharnameh" . However, Ferishta's account is almost as weak. This is hardly suprising considering the antiquity of these events. |
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== Relationship between [[Gakhars]] and [[Mughal (tribe)|Mughals]] == |
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Gakhar Chief Sarang Khan was conferred title of Sultan by Mughal Emperor Babur. Gakhars became so strong that they ruled the area from Attock to Jehlum, struck their own currency and had the cheifs name in Khutba. |
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Sultan Adam was imprisoned at Pharwala Fort by his nephew Kamal Khan, one of Sultan Sarang's sons. Adam died in captivity. Kamal Khan also hanged Adam's son Lashkar Khan who had been found guilty of an illicit love affair with the wife of Kamal Khans brother. Abul Fazl in his Akbarnama gives a different version omitting all reference to the love-affair and asserting that on a petition from Kamal Khan, Akbar ordered the division of the Gakhar territory between him and his uncle Adam; this resulted in a pitched battle in which Adam was utterly defeated and captured. This was clearly a stratagem which Akbar employed to punish the rebellious chief by pitting his own kinsman against him and to implant his overlordship firmly in the territory of the Gakhars, (Ansari). |
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In order to further cement his relations with the Gakhars and use them as an ally against the tubulent Afghans, Akbar in accordance with his well-known policy, contracted matrimonial alliances with them. Prince Salim was married to a daughter of Sayd Khan, a brother of Kamal Khan. Sayd Khan had fought under the Mughal General Zayn Khan against the Afghans in Swat and Bajawr. Later Aurangzeb also honoured the Gakhar chief Allah Kuli Khan (1681-1705) by marrying one of his daughters to to his son prince Muhammad Akbar. Thus two Gakhar women found their way into the Imperial harem. |
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Akbars policy of pacification and reconciliation had its desired effect and we find the Gakhars leading a peaceful and uneventful life during the major part of the Mughal rule. They seem to have have only reluctantly accepted the Timurids as their overlords however as a celebrated Gakhar warrior-chief, Mukarrab Khan, sided with [[Nader Shah|Nadir Shah Afshar]] and took part in the battle of Karnal (1739), which showed up the crumbelling fabric of the Mughal empire. As a reward for his services, he was confirmed in his possession of the fort of Pharwala and on his return to Kabul, Nadir Shah conferred upon him, as a mark of further foavour, the title of Nawab (this seems to have been a personal title as no later Gakhar chief ever used it. In his days the Gakhar power was greater than it had perhaps ever been before. He defeated the Yusafzai Afghans and Jang Kuli Khan of Khattak, and captured Gujrat, overrunning the Chib country as far north as Bhimber. He was finally defeated by the Sikhs at Gujrat in 1765 and had to surrender the whole of his possessions up to the Jehlum. |
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== See also == |
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* [[Kayani]] |
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* [[Kayanian dynasty]] |
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* [[Mughal (tribe)|Mughal]] |
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* [[Gakhars]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]] |
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{{Pakistan-ethno-stub}} |
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Revision as of 14:36, 11 October 2008
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| Men's Shooting | ||
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1908 London | Team small-bore rifle |
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1908 London | Disappearing target small-bore rifle |
Edward John Amoore (March 20, 1877 – July 11, 1955) was a British sport shooter, who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.
In the 1908 Olympics he won a gold medal in the team small-bore rifle event, bronze in the disappearing target small-bore rifle event, was fifth in the stationary target small-bore rifle event and 19th in the moving target small-bore rifle event.