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{{short description|Brand name for polyethoxylated castor oil}} |
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'''Cremophor EL''' is the registered trademark of [[BASF]] Corp. for its version of polyethoxylated castor oil. It is prepared by reacting 35 moles of [[ethylene oxide]] with each mole of [[castor oil]]. The resulting product is a mixture ([[CAS registry number|CAS number]] 61791-12-6): the major component is the material in which the hydroxyl groups of the castor oil [[triglyceride]] have [[ethoxylation|ethoxylated]] with ethylene oxide to form [[polyethylene glycol]] [[ethers]]. Minor components are the polyethyelene glycol [[esters]] of [[ricinoleic acid]], |
'''Kolliphor EL''', formerly known as '''Cremophor EL''', is the registered trademark of [[BASF]] Corp. for its version of polyethoxylated castor oil. It is prepared by reacting 35 moles of [[ethylene oxide]] with each mole of [[castor oil]]. The resulting product is a mixture ([[CAS registry number|CAS number]] 61791-12-6): the major component is the material in which the hydroxyl groups of the castor oil [[triglyceride]] have been [[ethoxylation|ethoxylated]] with ethylene oxide to form [[polyethylene glycol]] [[ethers]]. Minor components are the polyethyelene glycol [[esters]] of [[ricinoleic acid]], polyethylene glycols and polyethylene glycol ethers of [[glycerol]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kolliphor EL |url=https://pharma.basf.com/products/kolliphor-el?at_medium=display&at_campaign=enp_baw_glob_en_sol_tra_wikipedia&at_creation=landing-page_wikipedia_product-page_basf-wikipedia-article&at_channel=wikipedia&at_format=product-page&at_variant=basf-wikipedia-article |accessdate=2010-12-16}}</ref> Kolliphor EL is a synthetic, [[nonionic]] [[surfactant]] used to stabilize [[emulsions]] of nonpolar materials in [[water]]. |
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Kolliphor EL is an [[excipient]] or additive in drugs. Therapeutically, modern drugs are rarely given in a pure chemical state, so most active ingredients are combined with excipients or additives such as Kolliphor EL.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=4148526 |year=1973 |last1=Clarke |first1=R. S. |last2=Dundee |first2=J. W. |last3=Carson |first3=I. W. |title=New Drugs in Anæsthesia: A New Steroid Anaesthetic-Althesin |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine |volume=66 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1030 |doi=10.1177/003591577306601023 |pmc=1645602 }} See page 1/49, Methods and Materials.</ref> |
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==Uses== |
==Uses== |
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* [[Miconazole]], anti-fungal |
* [[Miconazole]], anti-fungal{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}} |
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* |
* Paclitaxel (Taxol), anti-cancer{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}} |
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::(Cremophor EL is used in [[Taxol]] (paclitaxel) and has been called a dose limiting agent because of its toxicities. Multiple deaths due to anaphylaxis have been attributed to the intravenous administration of Cremophor EL in Taxol.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cremophor-based paclitaxel ‘chemo’ drug triggers fatal allergic reactions|url=http://www.news-medical.net/news/20090609/Cremophor-based-paclitaxel-e28098chemoe28099-drug-triggers-fatal-allergic-reactions.aspx|accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> A formulation of paclitaxel that uses nanoparticle albumin instead of Cremophor EL is marketed as an alternative under the trade name of [[Abraxane]]. <ref> Desai N, Yao Z, Trieu V, Soon-Shiong P, Dykes D, Noker P. Evidence of greater tumor and red cell partitioning and superior antitumor activity of Cremophor free nanoparticle paclitaxel (ABI-007) compared to taxol. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003;82(suppl 1):S83. Abstract 348. </ref><ref> O'Shaughnessy J, Tjulandin S, Davidson N, et al. ABI-007 (ABRAXANE), a nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel demonstrates superior efficacy vs taxol in metastatic breast cancer: A Phase III Trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003;82(suppl 1). Abstract 43. [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/466395] </ref>) |
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==Side effects== |
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Allergic reactions to [[Taxol]] are most often allergic reactions to Kolliphor EL; symptoms include tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, and similar reactions consistent with severe anaphylactic reactions. Although many anti-allergens including corticosteroids and Benadryl may be administered before chemotherapy, they are not always sufficient to prevent the severe reaction to Kolliphor EL. |
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Allergic reaction should not be confused with the normal side effects of [[Taxol]]. The allergic reaction is usually immediate, similar to severe allergic reactions typical of other allergens. |
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BASF offers a purified, injectable version of Kolliphor EL, known as Kolliphor ELP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kolliphor® ELP |url=https://pharma.basf.com/products/kolliphor-elp |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=BASF Pharma |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cremophor El}} |
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[[Category:Excipients]] |
[[Category:Excipients]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:51, 26 December 2023
Kolliphor EL, formerly known as Cremophor EL, is the registered trademark of BASF Corp. for its version of polyethoxylated castor oil. It is prepared by reacting 35 moles of ethylene oxide with each mole of castor oil. The resulting product is a mixture (CAS number 61791-12-6): the major component is the material in which the hydroxyl groups of the castor oil triglyceride have been ethoxylated with ethylene oxide to form polyethylene glycol ethers. Minor components are the polyethyelene glycol esters of ricinoleic acid, polyethylene glycols and polyethylene glycol ethers of glycerol.[1] Kolliphor EL is a synthetic, nonionic surfactant used to stabilize emulsions of nonpolar materials in water.
Kolliphor EL is an excipient or additive in drugs. Therapeutically, modern drugs are rarely given in a pure chemical state, so most active ingredients are combined with excipients or additives such as Kolliphor EL.[2]
Uses[edit]
- Miconazole, anti-fungal[citation needed]
- Paclitaxel (Taxol), anti-cancer[citation needed]
- Aci-Jel (acetic acid / oxyquinoline / ricinoleic acid - vaginal)[citation needed]
- Sandimmune (cyclosporine injection, USP)[citation needed]
- Nelfinavir mesylate, HIV protease inhibitor[citation needed]
- Propofol, intravenous anaesthetic agent, originally solublized with Cremophor EL in trials; later approved with a lipid emulsion[citation needed]
- Diazepam injection; superseded by lipid emulsion alternative (Diazemuls)[citation needed]
- Vitamin K injection[citation needed]
- Ixabepilone, anti-cancer[citation needed]
Side effects[edit]
Allergic reactions to Taxol are most often allergic reactions to Kolliphor EL; symptoms include tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, and similar reactions consistent with severe anaphylactic reactions. Although many anti-allergens including corticosteroids and Benadryl may be administered before chemotherapy, they are not always sufficient to prevent the severe reaction to Kolliphor EL.
Allergic reaction should not be confused with the normal side effects of Taxol. The allergic reaction is usually immediate, similar to severe allergic reactions typical of other allergens.
BASF offers a purified, injectable version of Kolliphor EL, known as Kolliphor ELP.[3]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Kolliphor EL". Retrieved 2010-12-16.
- ^ Clarke, R. S.; Dundee, J. W.; Carson, I. W. (1973). "New Drugs in Anæsthesia: A New Steroid Anaesthetic-Althesin". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 66 (10): 1027–1030. doi:10.1177/003591577306601023. PMC 1645602. PMID 4148526. See page 1/49, Methods and Materials.
- ^ "Kolliphor® ELP". BASF Pharma. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
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