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'''Kheza''' (Khezha), or '''Kheza Naga''', is an [[Angami–Pochuri languages|Angami–Pochuri]] language spoken in [[Nagaland]], [[India]]. It also belongs to the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]], [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]], [[Kuki-Chin-Naga languages|Kuki-Chin-Naga]], and [[Naga languages|Naga]] family of languages. Many of the Tibeto-Burman languages including Kheza Naga are endangered with imminent extinction <ref>Van Driem, G. (2013). The ancestry of Tibetan. The Third International Conference on Tibetan Language, Volume 1: Proceedings of the Panels on Domains of Use and Linguistic Interactions, 363-397</ref>. It is not certain how many native speakers speak Kheza, but the estimated figure is no more than 23,000. While the language is endangered, it is still significantly large enough as evident from its religious community especially in Nagaland.
'''Kheza''' (Khezha), or '''Kheza Naga''', is an [[Angami–Pochuri languages|Angami–Pochuri]] language spoken in [[Nagaland]], [[India]]. It also belongs to the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]], [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]], [[Kuki-Chin-Naga languages|Kuki-Chin-Naga]], and [[Naga languages|Naga]] family of languages. Many of the Tibeto-Burman languages including Kheza Naga are endangered with imminent extinction <ref>Van Driem, G. (2013), [http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/2013d.pdf] The ancestry of Tibetan. The Third International Conference on Tibetan Language, Volume 1: Proceedings of the Panels on Domains of Use and Linguistic Interactions, 363-397</ref>. It is not certain how many native speakers speak Kheza, but the estimated figure is no more than 23,000. While the language is endangered, it is still significantly large enough as evident from its religious community especially in Nagaland.


==General Information==
==General Information==
Kheza Naga is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India, most commonly in the region of Eastern Nagaland and [[Kohima|Kohima]]. The language is endangered and currently is estimated to possess less than 23,000 speakers although that figure is not known to be exact. Many of the native speakers in Eastern India also hold strong religious Christian faith.
Kheza Naga is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India, most commonly in the region of Eastern Nagaland and [[Kohima|Kohima]]. The language is endangered and currently is estimated to possess less than 23,000 speakers although that figure is not known to be exact. Many of the native speakers in Eastern India also hold strong religious Christian faith.


Kheza Naga is a Sino-Tibetan language, however, it also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Naga, and Angami-Pochuri family of languages. Many of the Tibeto-Burman languages including Kheza Naga are endangered with imminent extinction <ref>Van Driem, G. (2013). The ancestry of Tibetan. The Third International Conference on Tibetan Language, Volume 1: Proceedings of the Panels on Domains of Use and Linguistic Interactions, 363-397</ref>. It is not certain how many native speakers speak Kheza, but the estimated figure is no more than 23,000. While the language is endangered, it is still significantly large enough as evident from its religious community especially in Nagaland.
Kheza Naga is a Sino-Tibetan language, however, it also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Naga, and Angami-Pochuri family of languages. Many of the Tibeto-Burman languages including Kheza Naga are endangered with imminent extinction <ref>Van Driem, G. (2013), [http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/2013d.pdf] The ancestry of Tibetan. The Third International Conference on Tibetan Language, Volume 1: Proceedings of the Panels on Domains of Use and Linguistic Interactions, 363-397</ref>. It is not certain how many native speakers speak Kheza, but the estimated figure is no more than 23,000. While the language is endangered, it is still significantly large enough as evident from its religious community especially in Nagaland.


Nagaland is known as "the only predominantly Baptist state in the world."<ref>Olson, C. Gordon. What in the World Is God Doing. Global Gospel Publishers: Cedar Knolls, NJ. 2003.</ref> Among Christians, Baptists are the predominant group, constituting more than 75% of the state's population, thus making it more Baptist (on a percentage basis) thanMississippi in the southern United States, where 55% of the population is Baptist, and Texas which is 51% Baptist.<ref>American Religious Identification Survey www.gc.cuny.edu</ref><ref>Mississippi Denominational Groups, 2000 Thearda.com. Retrieved 30 July 2010.</ref> Roman Catholics, Revivalists, and Pentecostals are the other Christian denomination numbers. Catholics are found in significant numbers in parts of Wokha district and Kohima district as also in the urban areas of Kohima and Dimapur.
Nagaland is known as "the only predominantly Baptist state in the world."<ref>Olson, C. Gordon. What in the World Is God Doing. Global Gospel Publishers: Cedar Knolls, NJ. 2003.</ref> Among Christians, Baptists are the predominant group, constituting more than 75% of the state's population, thus making it more Baptist (on a percentage basis) thanMississippi in the southern United States, where 55% of the population is Baptist, and Texas which is 51% Baptist.<ref>[www.gc.cuny.edu] American Religious Identification Survey</ref><ref>[Thearda.com] Mississippi Denominational Groups, 2000. Retrieved 30 July 2010.</ref> Roman Catholics, Revivalists, and Pentecostals are the other Christian denomination numbers. Catholics are found in significant numbers in parts of Wokha district and Kohima district as also in the urban areas of Kohima and Dimapur.


The family of Sino-Tibetan langauges is one of the greatest language families in the world and is only about 50 years old while being a field of inquiry for only about 25 years <ref>Matisoff, J. (1991). Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20, 469-504. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2155809?sid=21105856792263&uid=70&uid=2&uid=2134&uid=3739728&uid=3739256&uid=4</ref>. The term Sino-Tibetan seems to have been used first by R. Shafter who conceived of it as a tripartite linguistic stock comprosing Chinese, Tibeto-Burman, and Tai <ref>Matisoff, J. (1991). Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20, 469-504. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2155809?sid=21105856792263&uid=70&uid=2&uid=2134&uid=3739728&uid=3739256&uid=4.</ref>
The family of Sino-Tibetan langauges is one of the greatest language families in the world and is only about 50 years old while being a field of inquiry for only about 25 years <ref>Matisoff, J. (1991). Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20, 469-504. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2155809?sid=21105856792263&uid=70&uid=2&uid=2134&uid=3739728&uid=3739256&uid=4</ref>. The term Sino-Tibetan seems to have been used first by R. Shafter who conceived of it as a tripartite linguistic stock comprosing Chinese, Tibeto-Burman, and Tai <ref>Matisoff, J. (1991). Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20, 469-504. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2155809?sid=21105856792263&uid=70&uid=2&uid=2134&uid=3739728&uid=3739256&uid=4.</ref>
Line 37: Line 37:


==Further Readings==
==Further Readings==
LaPolla, R. (2003). The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeastern India. In Sino-Tibetan Languages (pp. 169-191). New York, New York: Routlegde.
1. LaPolla, R. (2003). The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeastern India. In Sino-Tibetan Languages (pp. 169-191). New York, New York: Routlegde.
Van Driem, G. (1993). Language change, conjugational morphology and the Sino-Tibetan Urheimat. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, 26, 45-56. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/1993ST-Urheimat.pdf
2. Van Driem, G. (1993). Language change, conjugational morphology and the Sino-Tibetan Urheimat. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, 26, 45-56. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from [http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/1993ST-Urheimat.pdf];
Van Driem, G. (2001). Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region, containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language(Vol. 1).
3. Van Driem, G. (2001) [http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/himalayan_languages_project_publications#vandriem2001c] Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region, containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language(Vol. 1);
Kapfo, Kedutso. 1993. A Descriptive Analysis of Khezha. University of Mysore. (Doctoral dissertation).
4. Kapfo, Kedutso. 1993. A Descriptive Analysis of Khezha. University of Mysore. (Doctoral dissertation);
Kapfo, Kedutso. 2004. The Ethnology of the Khezhas &Khezha grammar. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages. 410pp.
5. Kapfo, Kedutso. 2004. The Ethnology of the Khezhas &Khezha grammar. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages. 410pp.
Marrison, Geoffrey E. 1967. The classification of the Naga languages of North East India. University of London. 300+460pp. (2 vols.)
6. Marrison, Geoffrey E. 1967. The classification of the Naga languages of North East India. University of London. 300+460pp. (2 vols.)
7. Matisoff, J. [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B16MDuoGqX7-TnVwZ205TXZTOVE/view Phonological Inventories of Tibeto-Burman Languages] STEDT Monograph Series, No. 3

==External Links==
[http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5644 Endangered Languages]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoPD4DfbIkg#t=18 Audio sample of Kheza]
[http://www.bibleinmylanguage.com/Angami-Naga-Language-Bible-KETHOLESHU-KEWEU-KESAU-CLVinyl-Bound-C10NAGA006_p_3534.html Angami Naga Bible literary sample]
[https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/16219/IN Geographic Distribution of Angami Spoken Languages]



{{Naga languages}}
{{Naga languages}}

Revision as of 01:04, 9 May 2015

Template:Under construction/Rutgers

Kheza
Native toIndia
RegionNagaland
EthnicityChakhesang
Native speakers
41,000 (2001 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3nkh
Glottologkhez1235
ELPKhezha Naga

Kheza (Khezha), or Kheza Naga, is an Angami–Pochuri language spoken in Nagaland, India. It also belongs to the Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, and Naga family of languages. Many of the Tibeto-Burman languages including Kheza Naga are endangered with imminent extinction [2]. It is not certain how many native speakers speak Kheza, but the estimated figure is no more than 23,000. While the language is endangered, it is still significantly large enough as evident from its religious community especially in Nagaland.

General Information

Kheza Naga is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India, most commonly in the region of Eastern Nagaland and Kohima. The language is endangered and currently is estimated to possess less than 23,000 speakers although that figure is not known to be exact. Many of the native speakers in Eastern India also hold strong religious Christian faith.

Kheza Naga is a Sino-Tibetan language, however, it also belongs to the Tibeto-Burman, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Naga, and Angami-Pochuri family of languages. Many of the Tibeto-Burman languages including Kheza Naga are endangered with imminent extinction [3]. It is not certain how many native speakers speak Kheza, but the estimated figure is no more than 23,000. While the language is endangered, it is still significantly large enough as evident from its religious community especially in Nagaland.

Nagaland is known as "the only predominantly Baptist state in the world."[4] Among Christians, Baptists are the predominant group, constituting more than 75% of the state's population, thus making it more Baptist (on a percentage basis) thanMississippi in the southern United States, where 55% of the population is Baptist, and Texas which is 51% Baptist.[5][6] Roman Catholics, Revivalists, and Pentecostals are the other Christian denomination numbers. Catholics are found in significant numbers in parts of Wokha district and Kohima district as also in the urban areas of Kohima and Dimapur.

The family of Sino-Tibetan langauges is one of the greatest language families in the world and is only about 50 years old while being a field of inquiry for only about 25 years [7]. The term Sino-Tibetan seems to have been used first by R. Shafter who conceived of it as a tripartite linguistic stock comprosing Chinese, Tibeto-Burman, and Tai [8]

See Also

Nagaland, Angami–Pochuri, Sino-Tibetan, Kohima


References

  1. ^ Kheza at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Van Driem, G. (2013), [1] The ancestry of Tibetan. The Third International Conference on Tibetan Language, Volume 1: Proceedings of the Panels on Domains of Use and Linguistic Interactions, 363-397
  3. ^ Van Driem, G. (2013), [2] The ancestry of Tibetan. The Third International Conference on Tibetan Language, Volume 1: Proceedings of the Panels on Domains of Use and Linguistic Interactions, 363-397
  4. ^ Olson, C. Gordon. What in the World Is God Doing. Global Gospel Publishers: Cedar Knolls, NJ. 2003.
  5. ^ [www.gc.cuny.edu] American Religious Identification Survey
  6. ^ [Thearda.com] Mississippi Denominational Groups, 2000. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  7. ^ Matisoff, J. (1991). Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20, 469-504. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2155809?sid=21105856792263&uid=70&uid=2&uid=2134&uid=3739728&uid=3739256&uid=4
  8. ^ Matisoff, J. (1991). Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Present State and Future Prospects. Annual Review of Anthropology, 20, 469-504. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2155809?sid=21105856792263&uid=70&uid=2&uid=2134&uid=3739728&uid=3739256&uid=4.

Further Readings

1. LaPolla, R. (2003). The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeastern India. In Sino-Tibetan Languages (pp. 169-191). New York, New York: Routlegde. 2. Van Driem, G. (1993). Language change, conjugational morphology and the Sino-Tibetan Urheimat. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, 26, 45-56. Retrieved February 13, 2015, from [3]; 3. Van Driem, G. (2001) [4] Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region, containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language(Vol. 1); 4. Kapfo, Kedutso. 1993. A Descriptive Analysis of Khezha. University of Mysore. (Doctoral dissertation); 5. Kapfo, Kedutso. 2004. The Ethnology of the Khezhas &Khezha grammar. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages. 410pp. 6. Marrison, Geoffrey E. 1967. The classification of the Naga languages of North East India. University of London. 300+460pp. (2 vols.) 7. Matisoff, J. Phonological Inventories of Tibeto-Burman Languages STEDT Monograph Series, No. 3

External Links

Endangered Languages Audio sample of Kheza Angami Naga Bible literary sample Geographic Distribution of Angami Spoken Languages



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