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{{short description|1st century AD Roman senator and provincial governor}} |
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'''Marcus Trebellius Maximus''' was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] politician. |
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'''Marcus Trebellius Maximus''' was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Roman senate|senator]] active during the reign of [[Nero]]. He was [[Roman consul|suffect consul]] for the ''[[nundinium]]'' of May to June 55 AD as the colleague of [[Seneca the Younger]], replacing [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 55)|Publius Cornelius Dolabella]].<ref>Giuseppe Camodeca: "I consoli des 55–56 e un nuovo collega di seneca nel consolato: P. Cornelius Dolabella", ''[[Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik]]'', 63 (1986), pp. 201–215.</ref> |
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In 61 Trebellius served on a commission to revise the census list and tax assessments in [[Gaul]], together with [[Quintus Volusius Saturninus]] and [[Titus Sextius Africanus]]. Saturninus and Africanus were rivals, and both hated Trebellius, who took advantage of their rivalry to get the better of them.<ref>[[Tacitus]], ''[[Annals (Tacitus)|Annals]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+14.46 14.46]</ref> In AD 63, he was appointed [[Roman governors of Britain|governor]] of [[Roman Britain|Britain]]. He continued the policy of consolidation followed by his immediate predecessor, and conquered no new territory.<ref>Tacitus, ''[[Agricola (book)|Agricola]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ag.+16 16]</ref> He continued the Romanisation of Britain, refounding [[Camulodunum]] after the rebellion of [[Boudica]] destroyed it. [[London]] grew in mercantile wealth under his rule. |
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He was [[consul]] in AD [[56]] and later served on a commission to revise the census list and tax assessmnts in [[Gaul]]. In AD [[63]], he was chosen as a governor of [[Roman Britain]]. |
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By 67, the province was secure enough to allow [[Legio XIV Gemina|Legio XIV ''Gemina'']] to be withdrawn, but inactivity, and the lack of opportunities for booty, led to mutinies among the legions that remained. Not being a military man, Trebellius was unable to restore discipline, and a feud with [[Marcus Roscius Coelius]], commander of [[Legio XX Valeria Victrix|XX ''Valeria Victrix'']], further undermined his authority.<ref>Tacitus, ''[[Histories (Tacitus)|Histories]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Hist.+1.60 1.60]</ref> |
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In AD [[69]], the [[Year of the Four Emperors]], Britain did not forward its own candidate to replace [[Nero]] as other regions had done. The troops mostly supported [[Vitellius]] although [[Legio XIV Gemina]] opted for [[Otho]]. Not being a military man, Maximus was unable to impose discipline n his soldiers who were already unhappy that the pacific governor had given them few opportunities to collect booty. They mutinied and Maximus was lucky to escape Britain alive. Vitellius sent [[Marcus Vettius Bolanus]] to replace him and restore order. |
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In 69, the [[Year of the Four Emperors]], Britain did not forward its own candidate to replace [[Nero]] as other regions had done. Instead, Roscius led a mutiny which forced Trebellius to flee, and threw his weight behind [[Vitellius]], sending units from Legio XX to fight for him. Once Vitellius had gained the empire he appointed a new governor, [[Marcus Vettius Bolanus]]. Vitellius also returned Legio XIV, which had sided with his defeated opponent [[Otho]], to Britain.<ref>Tacitus, ''Histories'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Hist.+2.65 2.65-66]</ref> |
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[[Tacitus]] mentions that he continued the Romanisation of Britain, refounding [[Camulodunum]] after the rebellion of [[Boudica]] destroyed it. [[London]] grew in mercantile wealth under his rule. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{s-start}} |
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{{sequence| |
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{{s-off}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 55)|Publius Cornelius Dolabella]]|as=Suffect consul}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of early imperial Roman consuls|Consul]] of the [[Roman Empire]] |years = 55 |regent1=[[Seneca the Younger|Lucius Annaeus Seneca]]}} |
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list=[[Roman governors of Britain]]| |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Publius Palfurius]]|as=Suffect consul}} |
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}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman governors of Britain|Governor of Roman Britain]]|years=63-69}} |
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{{s-end}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Trebellius Maximus, Marcus}} |
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[[Category:Roman governors of Britain]] |
[[Category:Roman governors of Britain]] |
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[[Category:Ancient Romans]] |
[[Category:Ancient Romans in Britain]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome]] |
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[[Category:People of the Year of the Four Emperors]] |
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[[Category:Trebellii]] |
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[[Category:1st-century Romans]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:48, 20 February 2021
Marcus Trebellius Maximus was a Roman senator active during the reign of Nero. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of May to June 55 AD as the colleague of Seneca the Younger, replacing Publius Cornelius Dolabella.[1]
In 61 Trebellius served on a commission to revise the census list and tax assessments in Gaul, together with Quintus Volusius Saturninus and Titus Sextius Africanus. Saturninus and Africanus were rivals, and both hated Trebellius, who took advantage of their rivalry to get the better of them.[2] In AD 63, he was appointed governor of Britain. He continued the policy of consolidation followed by his immediate predecessor, and conquered no new territory.[3] He continued the Romanisation of Britain, refounding Camulodunum after the rebellion of Boudica destroyed it. London grew in mercantile wealth under his rule.
By 67, the province was secure enough to allow Legio XIV Gemina to be withdrawn, but inactivity, and the lack of opportunities for booty, led to mutinies among the legions that remained. Not being a military man, Trebellius was unable to restore discipline, and a feud with Marcus Roscius Coelius, commander of XX Valeria Victrix, further undermined his authority.[4]
In 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, Britain did not forward its own candidate to replace Nero as other regions had done. Instead, Roscius led a mutiny which forced Trebellius to flee, and threw his weight behind Vitellius, sending units from Legio XX to fight for him. Once Vitellius had gained the empire he appointed a new governor, Marcus Vettius Bolanus. Vitellius also returned Legio XIV, which had sided with his defeated opponent Otho, to Britain.[5]