Movima language: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Language isolate of Bolivia}} |
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{{Expand Portuguese|Língua movima|date=May 2022}} |
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{{Infobox language |
{{Infobox language |
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|name=Movima |
|name=Movima |
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|states=[[Bolivia]] |
|states=[[Bolivia]] |
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|region=[[Beni Department]] |
|region=[[Beni Department]] |
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|speakers= |
|speakers={{sigfig|1,170|1}} |
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|date= |
|date=2012 |
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|ref=e25 |
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|ref=<ref name="Katharina Haude 2006"/> |
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|familycolor=American |
|familycolor=American |
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|family=[[Language isolate]] |
|family=[[Language isolate]] |
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==Locations== |
==Locations== |
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Movima is spoken in the locations of 18 de Noviembre, 20 de Enero, Bella Flor, Buen Día, Carmen de Iruyañez, Carnavales, Ipimo, Miraflores, Navidad, San Lorenzo, Santa Ana del Yacuma.<ref name= |
Movima is spoken in the locations of 18 de Noviembre, 20 de Enero, Bella Flor, Buen Día, Carmen de Iruyañez, Carnavales, Ipimo, Miraflores, Navidad, San Lorenzo, and the town of [[Santa Ana del Yacuma]].<ref name=e25/> The Movima community reported that there are approximately 500 adult speakers as of 2012.<ref name="Amazonian isolates 2">{{cite book |editor-last=Epps |editor-first=Patience |editor-last2=Michael |editor-first2=Lev |title=Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |date=2023 |isbn=978-3-11-043273-2}}</ref>{{rp|807}} |
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==Phonology== |
==Phonology== |
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! [[Close vowel|Close]] |
! [[Close vowel|Close]] |
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| {{IPA link|i}} |
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| i |
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| {{IPA link|u}} |
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| u |
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! [[Mid vowel|Mid]] |
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]] |
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| {{IPA link|e}} |
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| e |
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| {{IPA link|o}} |
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| o |
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! [[Open vowel|Open]] |
! [[Open vowel|Open]] |
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| {{IPA link|a}} |
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| a |
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!colspan="2"|[[Nasal stop|Nasal]] |
!colspan="2"|[[Nasal stop|Nasal]] |
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| {{IPAlink|m}} |
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| {{IPAlink|n}} |
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!rowspan="2"|[[Stop consonant|Stop]] |
!rowspan="2"|[[Stop consonant|Stop]] |
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!<small>[[Pulmonic consonant|pulmonic]]</small> |
!<small>[[Pulmonic consonant|pulmonic]]</small> |
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| {{IPAlink|p}} |
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| {{IPAlink|t}} |
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| {{IPAlink|tʃ}} |
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| {{IPAlink|k}} ({{IPAlink|ɡ}}) |
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| {{IPAlink|kʷ}} |
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|({{IPA link|ʔ}}) |
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!<small>[[implosive consonant|implosive]]</small> |
!<small>[[implosive consonant|implosive]]</small> |
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| {{IPAlink|ɓ}} |
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| {{IPAlink|ɗ}} |
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!colspan="2"|[[ |
!colspan="2"|[[Fricative]] |
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| ({{IPAlink|f}}) {{IPAlink|β}} |
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| {{IPAlink|s}} |
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| {{IPAlink|ɬ}} |
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| {{IPAlink|h}} |
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!colspan="2"|[[ |
!colspan="2"|[[Approximant]] |
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| {{IPAlink|l}} |
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| {{IPAlink|j}} |
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| {{IPAlink|w}} |
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| {{IPAlink|jˀ}} |
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!colspan="2"|[[Trill consonant|Trill]] |
!colspan="2"|[[Trill consonant|Trill]] |
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| {{IPAlink|r}} |
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:{| class="wikitable sortable" |
:{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! gloss !! |
! gloss !! Movima |
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| one || sotaru |
| one || sotaru |
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| woman || kukya |
| woman || kukya |
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| water || |
| water || tomi |
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| fire || vé |
| fire || vé |
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| house || roya |
| house || roya |
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Further vocabulary: |
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:{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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! gloss !! Movima |
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| to sit || as |
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| to stand || en |
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| to come || jiwa |
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| dust || vuskwa |
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| Movima || mowi:maj |
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| language || chonsineɬ |
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| of || di' |
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* [http://www.ru.nl/lenguasdebolivia/ Lenguas de Bolivia] (online edition) |
* [http://www.ru.nl/lenguasdebolivia/ Lenguas de Bolivia] (online edition) |
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* [https://ids.clld.org/contributions/285 Movima] ([[Intercontinental Dictionary Series]]) |
* [https://ids.clld.org/contributions/285 Movima] ([[Intercontinental Dictionary Series]]) |
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* [https://doreco.huma-num.fr/languages/movi1243 Movima DoReCo corpus] compiled by Katharina Haude. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations. |
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{{Languages of Bolivia}} |
{{Languages of Bolivia}} |
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{{language families}} |
{{language families}} |
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{{South American languages}} |
{{South American languages}} |
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{{Jesuit Missions of Moxos}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Movima Language}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Movima Language}} |
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[[Category:Language isolates of South America]] |
[[Category:Language isolates of South America]] |
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[[Category:Languages of Bolivia]] |
[[Category:Languages of Bolivia]] |
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[[Category:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area]] |
Latest revision as of 20:16, 25 May 2023
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (May 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Movima | |
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Chosineɬ di' mowi:maj [1] | |
Native to | Bolivia |
Region | Beni Department |
Native speakers | 1,000 (2012)[2] |
Official status | |
Official language in | Bolivia[3] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | mzp |
Glottolog | movi1243 |
ELP | Movima |
Movima is a language that is spoken by about 1,400 (nearly half) of the Movima, a group of Native Americans that resides in the Llanos de Moxos region of the Bolivian Amazon, in northeastern Bolivia. It is considered a language isolate, as it has not been proven to be related to any other language.
Locations[edit]
Movima is spoken in the locations of 18 de Noviembre, 20 de Enero, Bella Flor, Buen Día, Carmen de Iruyañez, Carnavales, Ipimo, Miraflores, Navidad, San Lorenzo, and the town of Santa Ana del Yacuma.[2] The Movima community reported that there are approximately 500 adult speakers as of 2012.[4]: 807
Phonology[edit]
Movima has five vowels:
Front | Central | Back | |
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Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
/e/ and /o/ more closely resemble [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, than the close-mid vowels [e] and [o]. Vowels have a phonemic length distinction, although some prosodic processes can lengthen otherwise short vowels. Movima does not have tone.[5]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
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central | lateral | plain | lab. | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||
Stop | pulmonic | p | t | tʃ | k (ɡ) | kʷ | (ʔ) | |
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||||
Fricative | (f) β | s | ɬ | h | ||||
Approximant | l | j | w | jˀ | ||||
Trill | r |
The plosive /p/ is realized as [p] in the syllable onset but as [pʔᵐ] (which contrasts with the simple nasal phoneme /m/) in the coda. Similarly, /t/ and /k/ are realized as [tʔⁿ] and [ʔɤ] (i.e., as a glottal stop with a vocalic release), respectively, in the syllable coda.[1] In vowel-initial words and between adjacent vowels, an epenthetic glottal stop appears.
The phonemes /f/ and /ɡ/ are only present in Spanish loanwords.
Morphology[edit]
In Movima, compounding and incorporation are productive derivational processes. Reduplication and affixation, including some processes (such as the irrealis marker (k)a') that resemble infixation, are also common. Typical examples of inflection, such as number, case, tense, mood, and aspect, are not obligatorily marked in Movima.[1] Many derivational processes can be applied to a single Movima word. The same morpheme may appear multiple times in one word this way, for instance, tikoy-na-poj-na "I make X kill Y."
Vocabulary[edit]
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[6]
gloss Movima one sotaru two oira three taxra tooth söichlan tongue rulkua hand chopa woman kukya water tomi fire vé moon yekcho maize kuaxta jaguar rulrul house roya
Further vocabulary:
gloss Movima to sit as to stand en to come jiwa dust vuskwa Movima mowi:maj language chonsineɬ of di'
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Judy, R. A.; Judy, J. (1962). Movima y castellano. (Vocabularios Bolivianos, 1). Vocabularios Bolivianos. Cochabamba: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Katharina Haude (2006). "A grammar of Movima" (PDF). Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
- ^ a b Movima at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ "Constitution of Bolivia, Article 5. I." (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-21.
- ^ Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev, eds. (2023). Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-043273-2.
- ^ "WALS – Movima". World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
- ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
External links[edit]
- World Atlas of Language Structures information on Movima
- Lenguas de Bolivia (online edition)
- Movima (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
- Movima DoReCo corpus compiled by Katharina Haude. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.