Neocinnamomum

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Neocinnamomum
Neocinnamomum delavayi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Magnoliids
Order:
Laurales
Family:
Lauraceae
Genus:
Neocinnamomum

Species

See text

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Neocinnamomum (新樟属, xin zhang shu) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae. The genus Neocinnamomum includes about 7 species of evergreen, semi-evergreen or deciduous shrubs and small trees, which includes several plants of commercial importance. They are indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. [1][2][3] The Neocinnamomum species grow in habitats of lowlands the lower and the middle mountain zones, semi evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest, and Cloud Forest as South Orissa (Kalahandi, Koraput, Gajapati and Raygada) [4] The species are important and conspicuous trees in many of their native ecosystems known only from tropical Asia. They are equipped with Mycorrhiza establishing a symbiotic a mycorrhizal fungi relationship and receiving from determinated fungus species mainly mineral nutrients and water. The leaves are shiny and leathery. The flowers are small and fragrant and borne in panicles. The tree Neocinnamomum mekongense is a species that grows in the Butterfly Spring in the mountains north of Dali, China. Masses of butterflies congregate on its branches in the springtime making it a popular tourist destination. In favorable growing conditions, shrubs may produce thousands of fruits, most of which are eaten by birds. The fruits are berries mostly striking narrow and ellipsoid, sometimes crateriform as in Neocinnamomum fargesii, sometimes red when ripe sometimes with a cup and an acorn shape as in Neocinnamomum caudatum. The fossil record suggests that both Neocinnamomum and the related genus Caryodaphnopsis have an ancient Laurasian origin.[5]

Neocinnamomum require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.[6] They occupy mid to high elevations[7] and montane laurel forests.[8]

Neocinnamomum leaves resemble those of true cinnamon (Cinnamomum) in possessing strongly three-veined blades, but they are arranged alternately rather than oppositely.[9] The flowers are very small and bisexual.[2][10][11] The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".[10] Pollination is by insects.[12] The seeds are dispersed by birds, which eat the fruit[13] which are berry-like drupes.[2] The red fruits of N.caudatum are eaten by human Garo tribes in India.[14] The fruits are ellipsoid or globose (round). Some species also propagate vegetatively.[2]

N. mekongense is a species that grows in the mountains north of Dali, China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.[15]

Species[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/viewTrees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  2. ^ a b c d Flora of China
  3. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  4. ^ http://www.vasundharaorissa.org/Research%20Reports/Report%20of%20Biodiversity%20of%20South%20Orissa.pdf
  5. ^ http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf
  6. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  7. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  8. ^ Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden
  9. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  10. ^ a b Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w. (2010). "Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus Neocinnamomum H. Liu (Lauraceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 290 (1): 173–184.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Caroline K. Allen (1939). "Studies in Cinnamomum and Neocinnamomum". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 20: 44–63.
  12. ^ Susan S. Renner (2004). "Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present" (PDF). Biologiske Skrifter. 55: 441–458.
  13. ^ http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf
  14. ^ http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf
  15. ^ Zipcode Zoo


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