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{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox drug
{{Infobox drug
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| type = <!-- empty -->
| type = <!-- empty -->
| image = Osilodrostat.svg
| image = Osilodrostat.svg
| width = 225px
| width = 225
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =


<!-- Clinical data -->
<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce = is tur ee' sah<ref name="FDA snapshot" />
| pronounce =
| tradename = Isturisa
| tradename = Isturisa
| Drugs.com =
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|osilodrostat-phosphate}}
| MedlinePlus =
| MedlinePlus =
| licence_CA = <!-- Health Canada may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) -->
| licence_CA = <!-- Health Canada may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) -->
Line 21: Line 22:
| DailyMedID = Osilodrostat
| DailyMedID = Osilodrostat
| licence_US = Isturisa
| licence_US = Isturisa
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_AU = D
| pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Isturisa APMDS">{{cite web | title=Isturisa | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | date=29 August 2022 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/auspmd/isturisa | access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Updates to the Prescribing Medicines in Pregnancy database | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | date=21 December 2022 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/resource/guidance/updates-prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database | access-date=2 January 2023 | archive-date=3 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403064059/https://www.tga.gov.au/updates-prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database | url-status=live }}</ref>
| pregnancy_AU_comment =
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X / N -->
| pregnancy_US_comment =
| pregnancy_category=
| pregnancy_category=
| dependency_liability =
| addiction_liability =
| routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]]
| routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]]
| class = [[Steroidogenesis inhibitor]]
| class = [[Steroidogenesis inhibitor]]
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| ATC_prefix = H02
| ATC_prefix = H02
| ATC_suffix = CA02
| ATC_suffix = CA02
| ATC_supplemental =
| ATC_supplemental =


<!-- Legal status -->
<!-- Legal status -->
| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_AU_comment =
| legal_AU_comment = <ref name="Isturisa APMDS" />
| legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F-->
| legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F-->
| legal_BR_comment =
| legal_BR_comment =
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| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_US_comment =
| legal_US_comment =
| legal_EU = Rx-only
| legal_EU_comment =
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->
| legal_UN_comment =
| legal_UN_comment =
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| elimination_half-life =
| elimination_half-life =
| duration_of_action =
| duration_of_action =
| excretion =
| excretion =


<!-- Identifiers -->
<!-- Identifiers -->
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| UNII = 5YL4IQ1078
| UNII = 5YL4IQ1078
| KEGG_Ref =
| KEGG_Ref =
| KEGG = D11061
| KEGG = D11062
⚫
| KEGG2_Ref =
| KEGG2 = D11061
| ChEBI_Ref =
| ChEBI_Ref =
| ChEBI =
| ChEBI =
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<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| IUPAC_name = 4-[(5''R'')-6,7-Dihydro-5''H''-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl]-3-fluorobenzonitrile
| IUPAC_name = 4-[(5''R'')-6,7-Dihydro-5''H''-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl]-3-fluorobenzonitrile
| chemical_formula =
| C=13 | H=10 | F=1 | N=3
| C=13 | H=10 | F=1 | N=3
| molecular_weight =
| SMILES = C1CC2=CN=CN2C1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C#N)F
| SMILES = C1CC2=CN=CN2C1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C#N)F
⚫
| Jmol =
| StdInChI_Ref =
| StdInChI_Ref =
| StdInChI = 1S/C13H10FN3/c14-12-5-9(6-15)1-3-11(12)13-4-2-10-7-16-8-17(10)13/h1,3,5,7-8,13H,2,4H2/t13-/m1/s1
| StdInChI = 1S/C13H10FN3/c14-12-5-9(6-15)1-3-11(12)13-4-2-10-7-16-8-17(10)13/h1,3,5,7-8,13H,2,4H2/t13-/m1/s1
Line 110: Line 108:
}}
}}


'''Osilodrostat''', sold under the brand name '''Isturisa''', is a medication for the treatment of adults with [[Cushing's disease]] who either cannot undergo pituitary gland surgery or have undergone the surgery but still have the disease.<ref name="FDA PR">{{cite press release | title=FDA Approves New Treatment for Adults with Cushing's Disease | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=6 March 2020 | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-adults-cushings-disease | access-date=6 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It is taken by mouth.<ref name="FDA PR" />
'''Osilodrostat''', sold under the brand name '''Isturisa''', is a medication for the treatment of adults with [[Cushing's disease]] who either cannot undergo pituitary gland surgery or have undergone the surgery but still have the disease.<ref name="FDA PR">{{cite press release | title=FDA Approves New Treatment for Adults with Cushing's Disease | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=6 March 2020 | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-adults-cushings-disease | access-date=6 March 2020 | archive-date=26 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726184317/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-adults-cushings-disease | url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It is taken by mouth.<ref name="FDA PR" />


The most common side effects are [[adrenal insufficiency]], [[headache]], [[vomiting]], [[nausea]], [[fatigue]], and [[edema]] (swelling caused by fluid retention).<ref name="FDA PR" />
The most common side effects are [[adrenal insufficiency]], [[headache]], [[vomiting]], [[nausea]], [[fatigue]], and [[edema]] (swelling caused by fluid retention).<ref name="FDA PR" /><ref name="Isturisa EPAR" />


[[Hypocortisolism]] (low cortisol levels), [[QTc prolongation]] (a heart rhythm condition) and elevations in [[adrenal hormone]] [[Precursor (chemistry)|precursor]]s (inactive substance converted into a hormone) and [[androgen]]s (hormone that regulates male characteristics) may also occur in people taking osilodrostat.<ref name="FDA PR" />
[[Hypocortisolism]] (low cortisol levels), [[QTc prolongation]] (a heart rhythm condition) and elevations in [[adrenal hormone]] [[Precursor (chemistry)|precursor]]s (inactive substance converted into a hormone) and [[androgen]]s (hormone that regulates male characteristics) may also occur in people taking osilodrostat.<ref name="FDA PR" />


Osilodrostat was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2020,<ref name="Isturisa EPAR">{{cite web | title=Isturisa EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] | date=18 February 2020 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/isturisa | access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> and for medical use in the United States in March 2020.<ref name="FDA PR" /><ref name="FDA snapshot">{{cite web | title=Drug Trial Snapshot: Isturisa | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=6 March 2020 | url=http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-trial-snapshot-isturisa | access-date=27 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
Osilodrostat was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2020,<ref name="Isturisa EPAR">{{cite web | title=Isturisa EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=18 February 2020 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/isturisa | access-date=6 March 2020 | archive-date=7 March 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307071939/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/isturisa | url-status=live }}</ref> and for medical use in the United States in March 2020.<ref name="FDA PR" /><ref name="FDA snapshot">{{cite web | title=Drug Trial Snapshot: Isturisa | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=6 March 2020 | url=http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-trial-snapshot-isturisa | access-date=27 March 2020 | archive-date=21 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921140154/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-trial-snapshot-isturisa | url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="FDA Drug Approval Package">{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Isturisa | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=6 April 2020 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/212801Orig1s000TOC.cfm | access-date=17 January 2021 | archive-date=21 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121063222/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/212801Orig1s000TOC.cfm | url-status=live }}</ref> The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) considers it to be a [[first-in-class medication]].<ref>{{cite web | title=New Drug Therapy Approvals 2020 | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=31 December 2020 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/new-drugs-fda-cders-new-molecular-entities-and-new-therapeutic-biological-products/new-drug-therapy-approvals-2020 | access-date=17 January 2021 | archive-date=18 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118011953/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/new-drugs-fda-cders-new-molecular-entities-and-new-therapeutic-biological-products/new-drug-therapy-approvals-2020 | url-status=live }}</ref>


Osilodrostat is an [[oral administration|orally active]], [[nonsteroidal]] [[corticosteroid]] [[steroidogenesis inhibitor|biosynthesis inhibitor]] which was developed by [[Novartis]] for the treatment of [[Cushing's syndrome]] and [[pituitary ACTH hypersecretion|pituitary {{abbr|ACTH|adrenocorticotropic hormone}} hypersecretion]] (a specific subtype of Cushing's syndrome).<ref name="pmid27600150">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fleseriu M, Castinetti F | title = Updates on the role of adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors in Cushing's syndrome: a focus on novel therapies | journal = Pituitary | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 643–653 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27600150 | pmc = 5080363 | doi = 10.1007/s11102-016-0742-1 | url = }}</ref> It specifically acts as a [[potency (pharmacology)|potent]] and [[binding selectivity|selective]] [[enzyme inhibitor|inhibitor]] of [[aldosterone synthase]] (CYP11B2) and at higher dosages of [[11β-hydroxylase]] (CYP11B1).<ref name="pmid27600150" /> The drug was also under development for the treatment of [[heart failure]], [[hypertension]], and [[solid tumor]]s, but development was discontinued for these indications.<ref name="AdisInsight">http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026342</ref>
Osilodrostat is an [[oral administration|orally active]], [[nonsteroidal]] [[corticosteroid]] [[steroidogenesis inhibitor|biosynthesis inhibitor]] which was developed by [[Novartis]] for the treatment of [[Cushing's syndrome]] and [[pituitary ACTH hypersecretion|pituitary {{abbr|ACTH|adrenocorticotropic hormone}} hypersecretion]] (a specific subtype of Cushing's syndrome).<ref name="pmid27600150">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fleseriu M, Castinetti F | title = Updates on the role of adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors in Cushing's syndrome: a focus on novel therapies | journal = Pituitary | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 643–653 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27600150 | pmc = 5080363 | doi = 10.1007/s11102-016-0742-1 }}</ref> It specifically acts as a [[potency (pharmacology)|potent]] and [[binding selectivity|selective]] [[enzyme inhibitor|inhibitor]] of [[aldosterone synthase]] (CYP11B2) and at higher dosages of [[11β-hydroxylase]] (CYP11B1).<ref name="pmid27600150" />


==History==
==History==
In October 2014, an orphan designation was granted by the European Commission for osilodrostat for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.<ref>{{cite web | title=EU/3/14/1345 | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/orphan-designations/eu3141345 | access-date=23 July 2020 | archive-date=24 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724060644/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/orphan-designations/eu3141345 | url-status=live }}</ref>
Osilodrostat's safety and effectiveness for treating Cushing's disease among adults was evaluated in a study of 137 adult subjects (about three-quarters women) with a mean age of 41 years.<ref name="FDA PR" /> The majority of subjects either had undergone pituitary surgery that did not cure Cushing's disease or were not surgical candidates.<ref name="FDA PR" /> In the 24-week, single-arm, open-label period, all subjects received a starting dose of 2 milligrams (mg) of osilodrostat twice a day that could be increased every two weeks up to 30 mg twice a day.<ref name="FDA PR" /> At the end of this 24-week period, about half of subjects had cortisol levels within normal limits.<ref name="FDA PR" /> After this point, 71 subjects who did not need further dose increases and tolerated the drug for the last 12 weeks entered an eight-week, double-blind, randomized withdrawal study where they either received osilodrostat or a placebo (inactive treatment).<ref name="FDA PR" /> At the end of this withdrawal period, 86% of subjects receiving osilodrostat maintained cortisol levels within normal limits compared to 30% of subjects taking the placebo.<ref name="FDA PR" />


Osilodrostat was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2020,<ref name="Isturisa EPAR" /> and for medical use in the United States in March 2020.<ref name="FDA PR" /><ref name="FDA snapshot" />
⚫
The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) approved osilodrostat based on the evidence from one clinical trial (NCT02180217) of 137 subjects with Cushing’s disease.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> The trial was conducted at 66 sites across 19 countries (United States, Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Columbia, Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Russia, Thailand, and Turkey).<ref name="FDA snapshot" />


There was one trial of 48 weeks duration that assessed the benefits and side effects of osilodrostat.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> The trial enrolled subjects with Cushing’s disease for whom pituitary gland surgery was not an option or did not work.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> The trial was divided in four periods.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> Subjects received osilodrostat two times a day in all four periods.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> After the first two periods (24 weeks), the benefit of osilodrostat was assessed by the percentage of subjects who had 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels within normal limits.<ref name="FDA snapshot" />
Osilodrostat's safety and effectiveness for treating Cushing's disease among adults was evaluated in a study of 137 adult subjects (about three-quarters women) with a mean age of 41 years.<ref name="FDA PR" /> The majority of subjects either had undergone pituitary surgery that did not cure Cushing's disease or were not surgical candidates.<ref name="FDA PR" /> In the 24-week, single-arm, open-label period, all subjects received a starting dose of 2 milligrams (mg) of osilodrostat twice a day that could be increased every two weeks up to 30&nbsp;mg twice a day.<ref name="FDA PR" /> At the end of this 24-week period, about half of subjects had cortisol levels within normal limits.<ref name="FDA PR" /> After this point, 71 subjects who did not need further dose increases and tolerated the drug for the last 12 weeks entered an eight-week, double-blind, randomized withdrawal study where they either received osilodrostat or a placebo (inactive treatment).<ref name="FDA PR" /> At the end of this withdrawal period, 86% of subjects receiving osilodrostat maintained cortisol levels within normal limits compared to 30% of subjects taking the placebo.<ref name="FDA PR" />

⚫
The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) approved osilodrostat based on the evidence from one clinical trial (NCT02180217) of 137 subjects with Cushing's disease.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> The trial was conducted at 66 sites across 19 countries (United States, Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Columbia, Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Russia, Thailand, and Turkey).<ref name="FDA snapshot" />

There was one trial of 48 weeks duration that assessed the benefits and side effects of osilodrostat.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> The trial enrolled subjects with Cushing's disease for whom pituitary gland surgery was not an option or did not work.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> The trial was divided in four periods.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> Subjects received osilodrostat two times a day in all four periods.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> After the first two periods (24 weeks), the benefit of osilodrostat was assessed by the percentage of subjects who had 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels within normal limits.<ref name="FDA snapshot" />


In the third period (which lasted eight weeks), half of the subjects who had normal urinary free cortisol levels after 24 weeks of treatment continued taking osilodrostat and the other half was switched to placebo.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> Neither the subjects nor the healthcare providers know which treatment was given during this period.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> The benefit of osilodrostat was assessed on the percentage of subjects who had normal cortisol levels at the end of this period versus the subjects who received placebo.<ref name="FDA snapshot" />
In the third period (which lasted eight weeks), half of the subjects who had normal urinary free cortisol levels after 24 weeks of treatment continued taking osilodrostat and the other half was switched to placebo.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> Neither the subjects nor the healthcare providers know which treatment was given during this period.<ref name="FDA snapshot" /> The benefit of osilodrostat was assessed on the percentage of subjects who had normal cortisol levels at the end of this period versus the subjects who received placebo.<ref name="FDA snapshot" />


The FDA granted osilodrostat an [[orphan drug]] designation and granted the approval of Isturisa to [[Novartis]].<ref name="FDA PR" />
The FDA granted osilodrostat an [[orphan drug]] designation and granted the approval of Isturisa to [[Novartis]].<ref name="FDA PR" /><ref name="FDA Drug Approval Package" />

==Cost==
At the recommended starting dose of 2&nbsp;mg, a year's supply would cost $172,800 at 2021 prices in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yuen |first1=Kevin C.J. |title=Osilodrostat: A Review of Recent Clinical Studies and Practical Recommendations for its Use in the Treatment of Cushing Disease |journal=Endocrine Practice |date=September 2021 |volume=27 |issue=9 |pages=956–965 |doi=10.1016/j.eprac.2021.06.012|pmid=34389514 |s2cid=237009673 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of investigational hormonal agents#Glucocorticoidics|List of investigational hormonal agents § Glucocorticoidics]]
* [[Levoketoconazole]]
* [[Levoketoconazole]]


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==External links==
==External links==
* {{cite web | url = https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/osilodrostat | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine | work = Drug Information Portal | title = Osilodrostat }}
* {{ClinicalTrialsGov|NCT02697734|Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Osilodrostat in Cushing's Disease (LINC-4)}}
* {{ClinicalTrialsGov|NCT02697734|Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Osilodrostat in Cushing's Disease (LINC-4)}}


{{Corticosteroids}}
{{Corticosteroids}}
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{{Portal bar | Medicine}}

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{{Portal bar | Pharmacy and pharmacology | Medicine}}


[[Category:11β-Hydroxylase inhibitors]]
[[Category:11β-Hydroxylase inhibitors]]
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[[Category:Imidazoles]]
[[Category:Imidazoles]]
[[Category:Nitriles]]
[[Category:Nitriles]]
[[Category:Novartis brands]]
[[Category:Drugs developed by Novartis]]
[[Category:Orphan drugs]]
[[Category:Orphan drugs]]
[[Category:Pyrroles]]
[[Category:Pyrroles]]


{{Systemic-hormonal-drug-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:15, 22 January 2024

Osilodrostat
Clinical data
Trade namesIsturisa
Other namesLCI-699
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classSteroidogenesis inhibitor
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)[1]
  • US: ℞-only
  • EU: Rx-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
  • 4-[(5R)-6,7-Dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-yl]-3-fluorobenzonitrile
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC13H10FN3
Molar mass227.242 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1CC2=CN=CN2C1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C#N)F
  • InChI=1S/C13H10FN3/c14-12-5-9(6-15)1-3-11(12)13-4-2-10-7-16-8-17(10)13/h1,3,5,7-8,13H,2,4H2/t13-/m1/s1
  • Key:USUZGMWDZDXMDG-CYBMUJFWSA-N

Osilodrostat, sold under the brand name Isturisa, is a medication for the treatment of adults with Cushing's disease who either cannot undergo pituitary gland surgery or have undergone the surgery but still have the disease.[3] It is taken by mouth.[3]

The most common side effects are adrenal insufficiency, headache, vomiting, nausea, fatigue, and edema (swelling caused by fluid retention).[3][4]

Hypocortisolism (low cortisol levels), QTc prolongation (a heart rhythm condition) and elevations in adrenal hormone precursors (inactive substance converted into a hormone) and androgens (hormone that regulates male characteristics) may also occur in people taking osilodrostat.[3]

Osilodrostat was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2020,[4] and for medical use in the United States in March 2020.[3][5][6] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.[7]

Osilodrostat is an orally active, nonsteroidal corticosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor which was developed by Novartis for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome and pituitary ACTH hypersecretion (a specific subtype of Cushing's syndrome).[8] It specifically acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and at higher dosages of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1).[8]

History[edit]

In October 2014, an orphan designation was granted by the European Commission for osilodrostat for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.[9]

Osilodrostat was approved for medical use in the European Union in January 2020,[4] and for medical use in the United States in March 2020.[3][5]

Osilodrostat's safety and effectiveness for treating Cushing's disease among adults was evaluated in a study of 137 adult subjects (about three-quarters women) with a mean age of 41 years.[3] The majority of subjects either had undergone pituitary surgery that did not cure Cushing's disease or were not surgical candidates.[3] In the 24-week, single-arm, open-label period, all subjects received a starting dose of 2 milligrams (mg) of osilodrostat twice a day that could be increased every two weeks up to 30 mg twice a day.[3] At the end of this 24-week period, about half of subjects had cortisol levels within normal limits.[3] After this point, 71 subjects who did not need further dose increases and tolerated the drug for the last 12 weeks entered an eight-week, double-blind, randomized withdrawal study where they either received osilodrostat or a placebo (inactive treatment).[3] At the end of this withdrawal period, 86% of subjects receiving osilodrostat maintained cortisol levels within normal limits compared to 30% of subjects taking the placebo.[3]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved osilodrostat based on the evidence from one clinical trial (NCT02180217) of 137 subjects with Cushing's disease.[5] The trial was conducted at 66 sites across 19 countries (United States, Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Columbia, Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Russia, Thailand, and Turkey).[5]

There was one trial of 48 weeks duration that assessed the benefits and side effects of osilodrostat.[5] The trial enrolled subjects with Cushing's disease for whom pituitary gland surgery was not an option or did not work.[5] The trial was divided in four periods.[5] Subjects received osilodrostat two times a day in all four periods.[5] After the first two periods (24 weeks), the benefit of osilodrostat was assessed by the percentage of subjects who had 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels within normal limits.[5]

In the third period (which lasted eight weeks), half of the subjects who had normal urinary free cortisol levels after 24 weeks of treatment continued taking osilodrostat and the other half was switched to placebo.[5] Neither the subjects nor the healthcare providers know which treatment was given during this period.[5] The benefit of osilodrostat was assessed on the percentage of subjects who had normal cortisol levels at the end of this period versus the subjects who received placebo.[5]

The FDA granted osilodrostat an orphan drug designation and granted the approval of Isturisa to Novartis.[3][6]

Cost[edit]

At the recommended starting dose of 2 mg, a year's supply would cost $172,800 at 2021 prices in the United States.[10]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Isturisa". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Updates to the Prescribing Medicines in Pregnancy database". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 December 2022. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "FDA Approves New Treatment for Adults with Cushing's Disease". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ a b c "Isturisa EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 18 February 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
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  10. ^ Yuen, Kevin C.J. (September 2021). "Osilodrostat: A Review of Recent Clinical Studies and Practical Recommendations for its Use in the Treatment of Cushing Disease". Endocrine Practice. 27 (9): 956–965. doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.06.012. PMID 34389514. S2CID 237009673.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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