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{{Short description|Subfamily of butterflies}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
⚫
| name = Polyommatinae
| image = Polyommatus icarus - Burgenland.jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| image_caption = ''[[Polyommatus icarus]]'', in Austria.
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
⚫
| taxon = Polyommatinae
| classis = [[Insect]]a
⚫
| authority = [[William John Swainson|Swainson]], 1827
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| display_parents = 2
| unranked_superfamilia = [[Rhopalocera]]
| superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]]
| familia = [[Lycaenidae]]
| subfamilia = '''Polyommatinae'''
⚫
| subfamilia_authority = [[William John Swainson|Swainson]], 1827
| subdivision_ranks = [[Tribe (biology)|Tribe]]s
| subdivision_ranks = [[Tribe (biology)|Tribe]]s
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
[[Candalidini]]<br/>
*[[Candalidini]]
[[Lycaenesthini]]<br/>
*[[Lycaenesthini]]
[[Niphandini]]<br/>
*[[Niphandini]]
[[Polyommatini]]<br/>
*[[Polyommatini]]
and see text
}}
}}
⚫
{{Wikispecies}}


'''Polyommatinae''', the '''blues''', are a [[subfamily]] of gossamer-winged butterflies ([[Lycaenidae]]). It was long used to assign [[taxa]] of unclear relationships, and its contents are in need of revision. Several genera might not even belong here.
'''Polyommatinae''', the '''blues''', are a diverse [[subfamily]] of gossamer-winged butterflies (family [[Lycaenidae]]).


This subfamily was long used to assign [[taxa]] of unclear relationships, and its contents and phylogeny are still in need of revision.
==Genera ''incertae sedis''==
The following four tribes are generally recognized within Polyommatinae,<ref>[http://tolweb.org/Polyommatinae/106371 Tolweb]</ref> with [[Polyommatini]] comprising most of the genera and species:
These [[genus|genera]] are of unclear affinities. A question mark indicates doubt as to whether a genus belongs in the Polyommatinae.<br/>
* [[Candalidini]] Eliot 1973
<div float="left">
* [[Lycaenesthini]] Toxopeus 1929
{{col-begin|width=70%}}
* [[Niphandini]] Eliot 1973
{{col-1-of-3}}
* [[Polyommatini]] Swainson 1827
*''[[Agriades]]'' – ? (often included in ''[[Plebejus]]'')
The polyommatinae have variations of blue wing colouration which are due to the differences in the nanostructure of the body scales. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=VéRtesy |first1=Z. |last2=BáLint |first2=Zs. |last3=KertéSz |first3=K. |last4=Vigneron |first4=J. P. |last5=Lousse |first5=V. |last6=Biró |first6=L. P. |date=November 2006 |title=Wing scale microstructures and nanostructures in butterflies − natural photonic crystals |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01678.x |journal=Journal of Microscopy |language=en |volume=224 |issue=1 |pages=108–110 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01678.x |pmid=17100919 |issn=0022-2720}}</ref>
*''[[Albulina]]'' – ? (often included in ''Plebejus'')
*''[[Athysanota]]''
*''[[Boliviella]]''
*''[[Bothrinia]]''
*''[[Caerulea]]''
*''[[Cherchiella]]''
*''[[Chilades]]'' – ?
*''[[Cyclirius]]''
*''[[Eldoradina]]''
*''[[Elkalyce]]''
*''[[Facula (butterfly)|Facula]]''
*''[[Glabroculus]]''
{{col-2-of-3}}
*''[[Harpendyreus]]'' – ?
*''[[Itylos (butterfly)|Itylos]]''
*''[[Lycaeides]]'' (often included in ''Plebejus'')
*''[[Madeleinea]]''
*''[[Maslowskia]]''
*''[[Micropsyche]]''
*''[[Oboronia]]''
*''[[Orachrysops]]'' – ?
*''[[Oraidium]]''
*''[[Orthomiella]]''
*''[[Otnjukovia]]''
*''[[Palaeophilotes]]'' – ?
*''[[Pallidula]]''
*''[[Phengaris]]''
*''[[Phlyaria]]''
{{col-3-of-3}}
*''[[Pistoria]]'' – ?
*''[[Praephilotes]]'' – ?
*''[[Pseudophilotes]]'' – ?
*''[[Shijimia]]''
*''[[Sinia]]''
*''[[Sinocupido]]'' – ?
*''[[Subsolanoides]]'' – ?
*''[[Talicada]]''
*''[[Thermoniphas]]''
*''[[Tongeia]]''
*''[[Turanana]]''
*''[[Tuxentius]]'' – ?
{{col-end}}</div>

==Doubtful Polyommatinae==
The genera in this list are considered Polyommatinae by some authors, but at least some belong elsewhere:

*''[[Lepidochrysops]]'' – Polyommatini? Lycaeninae?
*''[[Paralycaeides]]'' – Polyommatini? Lycaeninae?
*''[[Uranothauma]]'' – Lycaeninae?


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{aut|Eliot, J. N. and Kawazoe, A.}}, 1983. ''Blue butterflies of the ''Lycaenopsis'' group'': 1-309, 6 pls. London.
*{{aut|Hirowatari, T.}}, 1992. A generic classification of the tribe Polyommatini of the Oriental and Australian regions (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae). [http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004789037/en ''Bulletin''] ''of the University of Osaka Prefecture''(B), '''44'''(Suppl.)
{{commonscat}}

==Further reading==
* Glassberg, Jeffrey ''Butterflies through Binoculars, The West'' (2001)
* Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. ''Butterflies of British Columbia'' (2001)
* James, David G. and Nunnallee, David ''Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies'' (2011)
* Pelham, Jonathan ''Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada'' (2008)
* Pyle, Robert Michael ''The Butterflies of Cascadia'' (2002)


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
⚫
{{Wikispecies}}
* {{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |url=https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/lycaenidae/polyommatinae/ |title=Polyommatinae |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=August 11, 2019}}
* [http://tolweb.org/Polyommatinae/106371 Tolweb].
* [http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ Butterflies and Moths of North America]
* [http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ Butterflies and Moths of North America]
* [http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/ Butterflies of America]
* [http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/ Butterflies of America]
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q460892}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q460892}}


[[Category:Polyommatinae|*]]
[[Category:Polyommatinae| ]]
[[Category:Taxa named by William John Swainson]]
[[Category:Taxa named by William John Swainson]]
[[Category:Butterfly subfamilies]]
[[Category:Butterfly subfamilies]]

Latest revision as of 08:35, 25 April 2024

Polyommatinae
Polyommatus icarus, in Austria.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Papilionoidea
Family: Lycaenidae
Subfamily: Polyommatinae
Swainson, 1827
Tribes

Polyommatinae, the blues, are a diverse subfamily of gossamer-winged butterflies (family Lycaenidae).

This subfamily was long used to assign taxa of unclear relationships, and its contents and phylogeny are still in need of revision. The following four tribes are generally recognized within Polyommatinae,[1] with Polyommatini comprising most of the genera and species:

The polyommatinae have variations of blue wing colouration which are due to the differences in the nanostructure of the body scales. [2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Tolweb
  2. ^ VéRtesy, Z.; BáLint, Zs.; KertéSz, K.; Vigneron, J. P.; Lousse, V.; Biró, L. P. (November 2006). "Wing scale microstructures and nanostructures in butterflies − natural photonic crystals". Journal of Microscopy. 224 (1): 108–110. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01678.x. ISSN 0022-2720. PMID 17100919.

External links[edit]

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Wikispecies has information related to Polyommatinae.


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