Pterygoid plexus: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox Vein |
{{Infobox vein
Name = Pterygoid plexus |
| Name = Pterygoid plexus
Latin = plexus pterygoideus |
| Latin = plexus venosus pterygoideus, <br>plexus pterygoideus
| Image = Gray AnatomyOfHumanBody1918-P644 Figure557.jpg
GraySubject = 167 |
⚫
| Caption = Veins of the head and neck.
GrayPage = 645 |
Image = Gray557.png |
| Image2 =
⚫
| Caption2 =
⚫
Caption = Veins of the head and neck. |
Image2 = |
| DrainsFrom =
⚫
| DrainsTo = [[Maxillary vein]]
⚫
Caption2 = |
⚫
| Artery = [[Maxillary artery]]
DrainsFrom = |
⚫
DrainsTo = [[facial vein]] |
⚫
Artery = [[maxillary artery]] |
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
DorlandsPre = p_24 |
DorlandsSuf = 12648331 |
}}
}}
The '''pterygoid plexus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɛ|r|ɪ|g|ɔɪ|d}};<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pterygoid Entry "pterygoid"] in ''[http://www.merriam-webster.com/ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]''.</ref> from [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''pteryx'', "wing" and ''eidos'', "shape") is a fine [[venous plexus]] upon and within the [[lateral pterygoid muscle]]. It drains by a short [[maxillary vein]].'''<ref name=":0223">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy S. |title=Last's Anatomy |vauthors= |publisher= |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=364}}</ref>'''
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The '''pterygoid plexus''' is a [[venous plexus]] of considerable size, and is situated between the [[temporalis muscle]] and [[lateral pterygoid muscle]], and partly between the two pterygoid muscles.


==Tributaries received==
== Anatomy ==
⚫
It is a [[venous plexus]] of considerable size, situated between the [[temporalis muscle]] and [[lateral pterygoid muscle]], and partly between the two pterygoid muscles.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
It receives tributaries corresponding with the branches of the [[maxillary artery]].


The plexus features [[Venous valve|venous valves]]. The contractions of the lateral pterygoid muscle promote venous drainage.'''<ref name=":0223" />'''
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Thus it receives the following veins:

=== Tributaries ===
The plexus drains all veins that correspond to the branches of the [[maxillary artery]] (however, much of the blood delivered by the maxillary artery is returned by other routes), as well as two additional veins.'''<ref name=":0223" />'''

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It receives the following veins:{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}
* sphenopalatine
* sphenopalatine
* middle meningeal<ref>{{Dorlands|v_05|12851016}}</ref>
* middle meningeal
* deep temporal (anterior & posterior)
* deep temporal (anterior & posterior)
* pterygoid
* pterygoid
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* alveolar
* alveolar
* some palatine veins (palatine vein which divides into the greater and lesser palatine v.)
* some palatine veins (palatine vein which divides into the greater and lesser palatine v.)
* [[inferior ophthalmic vein]]'''<ref name=":0223" />'''
* a branch which communicates with the [[ophthalmic vein]] through the [[inferior orbital fissure]]
* [[deep facial vein]]'''<ref name=":0223" />'''
* infraorbital vein
* [[infraorbital vein]]


==Relations==
=== Anastomoses ===
The plexus is connected with the intercranial [[cavernous sinus]] by [[emissary veins]] passing through the [[Foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] and [[foramen lacerum]].'''<ref name=":0223" />'''
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This plexus communicates freely with the [[anterior facial vein]]; it also communicates with the [[cavernous sinus]], by branches through the [[foramen Vesalii]], [[foramen ovale]], and [[foramen lacerum]]. Due to its communication with the cavernous sinus, infection of the superficial face may spread to the cavernous sinus, causing cavernous sinus syndrome. Complications may include edema of the eyelids, conjunctivae of the eyes, and subsequent paralysis of cranial nerves which course through the cavernous sinus.


=== Relations ===
⚫
The Pterygoid Plexus of Veins becomes the Maxillary vein. The maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein later join to become the retromandibular vein. The retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein then form the external jugular vein, which empties into the subcavian vein.
⚫
This plexus communicates freely with the [[anterior facial vein]]; it also communicates with the [[cavernous sinus]], by branches through the [[foramen Vesalii]], [[Foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]], and [[foramen lacerum]]. Due to its communication with the cavernous sinus, infection of the superficial face may spread to the cavernous sinus, causing [[cavernous sinus thrombosis]]. Complications may include edema of the eyelids, conjunctivae of the eyes, and subsequent paralysis of cranial nerves which course through the cavernous sinus.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}

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The pterygoid plexus of veins becomes the [[maxillary vein]]. The maxillary vein and the [[superficial temporal vein]] later join to become the [[retromandibular vein]]. The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein and [[posterior auricular vein]] then form the [[external jugular vein]], which empties into the [[subclavian vein]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}


==References==
==References==
⚫
{{Gray's}}
<references/>
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|27|13|01|00}} - "Infratemporal Fossa: The Pterygoid Plexus of Veins"
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|27|13|01|00}} - "Infratemporal Fossa: The Pterygoid Plexus of Veins"
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722115640/http://jpc.vis.ne.jp/anatomy/tmj2/Fig4.jpg Pterygoid Plexus]

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{{Gray's}}


{{VeinsHeadNeck}}
{{VeinsHeadNeck}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Veins of the head and neck]]
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{{circulatory-stub}}


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[[Category:Veins]]


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{{circulatory-stub}}
[[pt:Plexo pterigóideo]]

Latest revision as of 16:53, 11 February 2024

Pterygoid plexus
Veins of the head and neck.
Details
Drains toMaxillary vein
ArteryMaxillary artery
Identifiers
Latinplexus venosus pterygoideus,
plexus pterygoideus
TA98A12.3.05.036
TA24836
FMA50944
Anatomical terminology

The pterygoid plexus (/ˈtɛrɪɡɔɪd/;[1] from Greek pteryx, "wing" and eidos, "shape") is a fine venous plexus upon and within the lateral pterygoid muscle. It drains by a short maxillary vein.[2]

Anatomy[edit]

It is a venous plexus of considerable size, situated between the temporalis muscle and lateral pterygoid muscle, and partly between the two pterygoid muscles.[citation needed]

The plexus features venous valves. The contractions of the lateral pterygoid muscle promote venous drainage.[2]

Tributaries[edit]

The plexus drains all veins that correspond to the branches of the maxillary artery (however, much of the blood delivered by the maxillary artery is returned by other routes), as well as two additional veins.[2]

It receives the following veins:[citation needed]

Anastomoses[edit]

The plexus is connected with the intercranial cavernous sinus by emissary veins passing through the foramen ovale and foramen lacerum.[2]

Relations[edit]

This plexus communicates freely with the anterior facial vein; it also communicates with the cavernous sinus, by branches through the foramen Vesalii, foramen ovale, and foramen lacerum. Due to its communication with the cavernous sinus, infection of the superficial face may spread to the cavernous sinus, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis. Complications may include edema of the eyelids, conjunctivae of the eyes, and subsequent paralysis of cranial nerves which course through the cavernous sinus.[citation needed]

The pterygoid plexus of veins becomes the maxillary vein. The maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein later join to become the retromandibular vein. The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein then form the external jugular vein, which empties into the subclavian vein.[citation needed]

References[edit]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 645 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ Entry "pterygoid" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). p. 364. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.

External links[edit]


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