Quiripi language: Difference between revisions
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==Affiliation and dialects== |
==Affiliation and dialects== |
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Quiripi belonged to the [[Eastern Algonquian languages|Eastern Algonquian]] branch of the Algonquian language family.<ref>Goddard (1978)</ref><ref>Mithun (1999:327)</ref> It shared a number of linguistic features with the other Algonquian languages of southern New England such as [[Massachusett language|Massachusett]] and [[Mohegan-Pequot language|Mohegan-Pequot]], including the shifting of Proto-Eastern Algonquian *{{IPA|/aː/}} and *{{IPA|/eː/}} to {{IPA|/ãː/}} and {{IPA|/aː/}}, respectively, and the [[palatalization]] of earlier *{{IPA|/k/}} before certain [[front vowel]]s.<ref>Goddard (1978:75)</ref><ref name="r27">Rudes (1997:27)</ |
Quiripi belonged to the [[Eastern Algonquian languages|Eastern Algonquian]] branch of the Algonquian language family.<ref>Goddard (1978)</ref><ref>Mithun (1999:327)</ref> It shared a number of linguistic features with the other Algonquian languages of southern New England such as [[Massachusett language|Massachusett]] and [[Mohegan-Pequot language|Mohegan-Pequot]], including the shifting of Proto-Eastern Algonquian *{{IPA|/aː/}} and *{{IPA|/eː/}} to {{IPA|/ãː/}} and {{IPA|/aː/}}, respectively, and the [[palatalization]] of earlier *{{IPA|/k/}} before certain [[front vowel]]s.<ref>Goddard (1978:75)</ref><ref name="r27">Rudes (1997:27)</ref> There were evidently two major dialects of Quiripi: an "insular" dialect spoken on Long Island by the Unquachog and a "mainland" dialect spoken by the other groups in Connecticut, principally the Quinnipiac.<ref>Rudes (1997:6-7)</ref><ref>Costa (2007:116, 119)</ref> |
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==Attestation== |
==Attestation== |
Revision as of 21:19, 24 October 2011
Quiripi | |
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Native to | United States |
Native speakers | extinct |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | qyp |
Quiripi is the name of an Algonquian language (also known as Quiripi-Unquachog, Quiripi-Naugatuck, and Wampano) formerly spoken by the the indigenous people of southwestern Connecticut and central Long Island,[1][2] including the Quinnipiac, Naugatuck, Unquachog, Mattabesic, Potatuck, Weantinock, Tunxis, and Paugussett. It has been effectively extinct since the 18th century,[3] although Frank T. Siebert, Jr. was able to record a few Unquachog words from an elderly woman in 1932.[4]
Affiliation and dialects
Quiripi belonged to the Eastern Algonquian branch of the Algonquian language family.[5][6] It shared a number of linguistic features with the other Algonquian languages of southern New England such as Massachusett and Mohegan-Pequot, including the shifting of Proto-Eastern Algonquian */aː/ and */eː/ to /ãː/ and /aː/, respectively, and the palatalization of earlier */k/ before certain front vowels.[7][8] There were evidently two major dialects of Quiripi: an "insular" dialect spoken on Long Island by the Unquachog and a "mainland" dialect spoken by the other groups in Connecticut, principally the Quinnipiac.[9][10]
Attestation
Quiripi is very poorly attested,[11] though some sources do exist. One of the earliest Quiripi vocabularies was a 67-page bilingual catechism compiled in 1658 by Rev. Abraham Pierson, during his ministry at Branford, Connecticut,[12][1] which remains the chief source of modern conclusions about Quiripi.[2] Unfortunately, the catechism was "poorly translated" by Pierson,[2] containing an "unidiomatic, non-Algonquian sentence structure."[13] It also displays signs of dialect mixture.[14] Other sources of information on the language include a vocabulary collected by Rev. Ezra Stiles in the late 1700s[15] and a 202-word Unquachog vocabulary recorded by Thomas Jefferson in 1791,[4] though the Jefferson vocabulary also shows clear signs of dialect mixture and "external influences."[16] Additionally, three early hymns written circa 1740 at the Moravian Shekomeko mission near Kent, Connecticut have been translated by Carl Masthay.[17]
Notes
- ^ a b Rudes (1997:1)
- ^ a b c Goddard (1978:72)
- ^ Goddard (1978:71)
- ^ a b Rudes (1997:5)
- ^ Goddard (1978)
- ^ Mithun (1999:327)
- ^ Goddard (1978:75)
- ^ Rudes (1997:27)
- ^ Rudes (1997:6-7)
- ^ Costa (2007:116, 119)
- ^ Costa (2007:116, 118)
- ^ Mithun (1999:331)
- ^ Costa (2007:118)
- ^ Costa (2007:116)
- ^ Rudes (1997:4)
- ^ Costa (2007:120)
- ^ Rudes (1997:2)
External links
References
- Costa, David J. (2007). "The Dialectology of Southern New England Algonquian." In Papers of the 38th Algonquian Conference, ed. H. C. Wolfart. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba, pp. 81-127
- Goddard, Ives (1978). "Eastern Algonquian Languages." In Northeast, ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 70-77
- Mithun, Marianne (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Rudes, Blair A. (1997). "Resurrecting Wampano (Quiripi) from the Dead: Phonological Preliminaries." Anthropological Linguistics (39)1:1-59