Thirty Seconds to Mars and Ibritumomab tiuxetan: Difference between pages

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{{drugbox |
{{Infobox Musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
|type=mab
| Name = 30 Seconds to Mars
|IUPAC_name=
| Img = 30 Seconds to Mars.jpg
|image=
| Img_capt = 30 Seconds to Mars perform at Rock Am Ring in Germany, 2007
|source=Murine
| Landscape = yes
|target=CD20
| Background = group_or_band
|CAS_number=174722-31-7
| Origin = [[Los Angeles, California]], [[United States|USA]]
|ATC_prefix=V10
| Genre = [[Alternative rock]]<br />[[Progressive rock]] <br /> [[Progressive metal]]<ref> http://www.popstarsplus.com/music_30secondstomars_history.htm </ref> (earlier material)<br>[[Post-hardcore]] (later material)
|ATC_suffix=XX02
| Years_active = 1998–present
|ATC_supplemental=
| Label = [[Immortal Records|Immortal]], [[Virgin Records|Virgin]]
|PubChem=
| Associated_acts = [[Angels & Airwaves]]<br />[[Great Northern (band)|Great Northern]]<br />[[The Used]]
|DrugBank=BTD00069
| URL = [http://www.30secondstomars.com/ Official website]
|chemical_formula=C<sub>6382</sub>H<sub>9830</sub>N<sub>1672</sub>O<sub>1979</sub>S<sub>54</sub><sup>99</sup>Y<sup>111</sup>In
| Current_members = [[Jared Leto]]<br />[[Tomo Miličević]]<br />[[Shannon Leto]]
|molecular_weight=143375.5 g/mol
| Past_members = [[Matt Wachter]]<br />[[Solon Bixler]]<br />Kevin Drake
|bioavailability=
|protein_bound=
|metabolism=
|elimination_half-life=
|excretion=
|pregnancy_AU=<!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
|pregnancy_US=<!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
|pregnancy_category=
|legal_AU=<!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 -->
|legal_UK=<!-- GSL / P / POM / CD -->
|legal_US=<!-- OTC / Rx-only -->
|legal_status=
|routes_of_administration=
}}
}}
'''Ibritumomab tiuxetan''', also sold under the trade name '''Zevalin''', is a [[monoclonal antibody therapy|monoclonal antibody]] [[radioimmunotherapy]] treatment for some forms of [[B cell]] [[non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]], a [[myeloproliferative disorder]] of the [[lymphatic system]]. The drug uses the monoclonal mouse [[IgG|IgG1]] [[antibody]] ibritumomab (pronounced as <ih bri TYOO mo mab>) <ref>pronunciation: ibritumomab[http://body.aol.com/drugs/ibritumomab]</ref> in conjunction with the [[chelator]] [[tiuxetan]], to which a radioactive isotope (either [[yttrium]]-90 or [[indium]]-111) is added.
'''30 Seconds to Mars''' (or '''Thirty Seconds to Mars''' and often abbreviated to '''30STM''') is an [[United States|American]] [[Rock music|rock]] band from [[Los Angeles, California]], featuring [[actor]] [[Jared Leto]] as the lead vocalist, guitarist and songwriter.


==Mechanism of action==
==History==
The antibody binds to the [[CD20]] [[antigen]] found on the surface of normal and malignant [[B cell]]s (but not B cell precursors), allowing radiation from the attached [[isotope]] (mostly [[beta radiation|beta emission]]) to kill it and some nearby cells. In addition, the antibody itself may trigger cell death via [[cytotoxicity|antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity]] (ADCC), [[cytotoxicity|complement-dependent cytotoxicity]] (CDC), and [[apoptosis]]. Together, these actions eliminate B cells from the body, allowing a new population of healthy B cells to develop from [[lymphoid]] [[stem cell]]s.
===Formation===
Created in 1998 by Jared Leto with his brother, Shannon. 30 Seconds to Mars began as a small family project. Matt Wachter later joined the band as bassist and keyboard player. After working with a number of guitarists (as the band's first two guitarists, Kevin Drake and Solon Bixler, left the band due to issues primarily related to touring), the three auditioned Tomo Miličević to round out the band's roster.


==Administration==
According to an interview from [[Virgin Records]], the band's name <blockquote>"actually comes
from a thesis that the band found online that was written by a former [[Harvard University|Harvard]] professor. And one of the subsections of the
thesis was titled 'thirty seconds to mars{{sic}}' and he goes on to talk about the exponential growth of technology that relates to humans and saying that we are quite literally thirty seconds to mars. What it means to us is, we thought it best described our music, in short."<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.usanetwork.com/series/virginrecords/theshow/characterprofiles/30seconds/index.html| title = Character Profile: 30 Seconds to Mars| accessdate = 2007-03-13}}</ref></blockquote>


In order to qualify for Zevalin, a patient needs to have bone marrow involvement of < 25%<ref>Indications [http://www.zevalin.com/HealthCarePro/indications.htm]</ref> and > 15% bone marrow cellularity. Since Zevalin is known to cause cytopenias, platelet and neutrophil counts are also taken pretreatment. Since a murine antibody is used, the patient might also be tested for Human Anti Mouse Antibodies ([[HAMA]]). Having bulky disease does not disqualify a patient.
===''30 Seconds to Mars'' (2002–2005)===
The band's debut album ''[[30 Seconds to Mars (album)|30 Seconds to Mars]]'', produced by [[Bob Ezrin]], was released in 2002 to mixed reviews and achieved sales of just over 100,000{{Fact|date=September 2008}}. The album produced two singles, [[Capricorn (A Brand New Name)]] and [[Edge of the Earth]]. The former peaked at #31 on the [[Mainstream Rock Tracks|U.S. Mainstream Rock]] chart.


The Zevalin regimen takes 7-9 days, with two administrations of Zevalin. Each dose is preceded by [[Rituxan]], in order to pre-deplete B lymphocytes.<ref>Dosing and Administration[http://www.zevalin.com/HealthCarePro/dosingandadministration.htm]</ref> The dose of Rituxan given here is less than the usual dose.
===''A Beautiful Lie'' (2005–present)===
Their sophomore album, ''[[A Beautiful Lie]]'', was released on [[August 30]], [[2005]]. Because the album was leaked five months before its release, the band decided to include two bonus tracks: "Battle of One" (an original song that was also set to be the album's title track when it was first announced) and "Hunter" (a cover of the [[Björk]] song). To further promote the album, the band also enclosed "golden tickets" in 12 copies, which granted their owners access to any 30 Seconds to Mars concert free of charge, along with backstage access.
{{Sound sample box align right|[[A Beautiful Lie]] samples:}}
{{Listen
|filename=The_Kill_-_30_Seconds_To_Mars.ogg
|title="The Kill" (2005)
|description=Sample from 30 Seconds to Mars' "The Kill" from the album [[A Beautiful Lie]].
|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{Listen
|filename=From_Yesterday_-_30_Seconds_To_Mars.ogg
|title="From Yesterday" (2005)
|description=Sample from 30 Seconds to Mars' "From Yesterday" from the album [[A Beautiful Lie]].
|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{sample box end}}


The first dose uses Indium-111 Zevalin for imaging. Indium-111 emits some [[gamma radiation]], which can be picked up by the [[gamma camera]]. A scan is done to assess biodistribution<ref>Biodistribution</ref> of the drug. This test dose is used to determine that no excess amounts go to the marrow, liver, etc. in this particular patient.
On [[August 31]], [[2006]], the band won the [[MTV Video Music Award - MTV2 Award|MTV2 Award]] for "[[The Kill]]" at the [[MTV Video Music Awards]], one of their two nominations. The second nomination was for [[MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video|Best Rock Video]]; however, they lost to [[AFI (band)|AFI]]'s "[[Miss Murder]]". In the video members of the band reenact scenes from ''[[The Shining (film)|The Shining]]''. ''A Beautiful Lie'' was certified [[Music recording sales certification|platinum]] by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] in January for distribution of over 1,000,000 albums.


If the gamma scan shows no altered biodistribution, then the second dose is given, using Yttrium-90 Zevalin as the actual treatment. Yttrium<ref>Sound file - pronunciation Yttrium[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/media/snds/Y.au]</ref>-90 emits the cell-killing [[beta radiation]].
In October, the band began their "Welcome to the Universe" tour, sponsored by [[MTV2]]. They were supported on this tour by [[Head Automatica]], [[The Receiving End of Sirens]], [[Cobra Starship]], and several other bands including [[Street Drum Corps]]. The tour was "environmentally sound" according to a 2006 interview with then-bassist Matt Wachter. "Jared and Shannon put together this thing called Environmentour which is illustrating ways—alternatives—to kind of clean up some of the mess we leave behind. We fueled the bus with vegetable oil," he explains.<ref>{{cite web| last = Pascarella| first = Tony| authorlink = | coauthors = | title = 30 Seconds to Mars (Matt Wachter)| work = | publisher = [[AbsolutePunk.net]]| date = 2006-12-04| url = http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=193334| format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> On [[November 20]], MTV2 premiered the video for "[[From Yesterday]]"; the video is the first [[United States|American]] [[Rock music|rock]] [[Music video|video]] ever shot in its entirety in the [[People's Republic of China]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thirtysecondstomars.com/main.asp| title = 30 Seconds to Mars News 3/26/2007| accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> The music video is loosely based on the film ''[[The Last Emperor]]''.


Ibritumomab tiuxetan is administered by [[intravenous infusion]] which usually lasts around 10 minutes. Only acrylic shielding is needed, not lead.
On [[April 29]], [[2007]], the band performed at the Australian [[MTV Australia Video Music Awards]], where they were nominated for three awards, winning "Best Rock Video" and "Video of the Year" for "The Kill".


==Efficacy==
As of Spring 2007, the band is supporting [[The Used]] as a part of the "[[Taste of Chaos]]" tour and have scheduled a string of dates in [[Europe]] supporting [[Linkin Park]]. They are also scheduled to play [[Roskilde Festival|Roskilde]], [[Rock am Ring]], [[Pinkpop]], [[Give It A Name]] Festival and [[Download Festival|Download]]. Following other commitments, they will begin working on their third album. As heard in the MTV Malaysia interview with Leto, he announces they are currently in the middle of the new album. Some of the songs seem to have been sang at their overseas tour.


Treatment with Zevalin showed higher response rates in [[clinical trial]]s compared to treatment with only [[Rituxan]] (similar to Zevalin, but without the attached radioisotope), and showed very promising results for patients who no longer respond to Rituxan.
However, in August of 2008, [[Virgin Records]] filed a $30 million lawsuit, claiming the band refused to deliver three albums as required by its contract. According to the lawsuit, the band "repudiated" a 1999 contract in July.<ref>{{cite web| last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Virgin Records sues Jared Leto's band for $30M | work = | publisher = [[Associated Press]]| date = 2008-08-15| url = http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/P/PEOPLE_JARED_LETO?SITE=PASUN&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT| format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-08-16}}</ref> There is not an official release date for their third upcoming album, but recently a blog on the band's MySpace page has denied all rumours that there will be no third album - and also explains their side of the lawsuit, referring to California law and the current state of [[EMI Records]].


In patients With Relapsed or Refractory Low-Grade, Follicular, or Transformed B-cell NHL, where ''no prior anti-CD20 therapy was allowed'', the OR was 80% / 50% and CR was 34% / 20%, comparing Zevalin to Rituxan.
==Awards==
<ref>Efficacy[http://www.zevalin.com/HealthCarePro/efficacy.htm]</ref>
Following the release of "From Yesterday" as a single, the band posted a link on their [[MySpace]] blog to vote for the next single from ''A Beautiful Lie''. The choices available were "A Beautiful Lie", "The Fantasy", "Savior", and "The Story". Another vote was done later between the top two songs, "A Beautiful Lie" and "The Fantasy". On [[May 2]], [[2007]], the band announced that "A Beautiful Lie" had won and would be the next single.


However, in a Phase II study on Zevalin with the more aggressive [[mantle cell lymphoma]], the OR was only 42% and CR was 26%<ref>Zevalin and mantle cell[http://www.abstracts2view.com/hem4806/view.php?nu=HEM06L1_1029]</ref>.
On [[August 8]], [[2007]], ''[[Kerrang!]]'' announced that 30 Seconds to Mars has been nominated for two categories of the Kerrang! Awards 2007 - Best International Newcomer and Best Single - The Kill. On [[August 24]] they had only won the award for 'Best Single,' which was The Kill. The other award was lost to [[Madina Lake]]. On [[November 1]], [[2007]], the band won the [[MTV Europe Music Award]] for "Rock Out", one of the two categories they were nominated in.


==History==
On [[December 21]], [[2007]], 30 Seconds to Mars won Fuse's Best of 2007 Award. They beat out [[Korn]] and had amassed over 7 million votes. 31 other bands and artists such as [[Justin Timberlake]], [[Linkin Park]], [[Gwen Stefani]] and [[Avenged Sevenfold]] were also included in the contest.
Developed by the IDEC Pharmaceuticals, which is now part of [[Biogen Idec]], ibritumomab tiuxetan was the first radioimmunotherapy drug approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) in 2002 to treat cancer.
On [[March 22]], [[2008]], the band was voted the second greatest band in ''Kerrang!'''s 100 Best Rock Bands Ever.


In August 2007, [[Cell Therapeutics Inc]] announced plans to buy the U.S. rights to sell, market, and distribute this radioactive antibody from Biogen for approximately US$30 million, or the equivalent of about two years' net sales revenue in the U.S. for the drug.[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070816/ap_on_sc/cell_therapeutics] Outside of the U.S., [[Bayer Schering]] continues to have the rights to the drug.
On [[March 21]], [[2008]], 30 Seconds to Mars performed at 'My Coke Fest' in South Africa, which saw the band back on South African soil since the inception and recording of ''A Beautiful Lie''. At a Press Conference Leto describe the experience as deeply personal, with the added hope that some new material may see the light of day on African Soil. The band played to a sold-out crowd in Johannesburg and Cape Town.


==Costs==
On [[August 2]], [[2008]], 30 Seconds to Mars won the Best Video Stars awards for "[[A Beautiful Lie]]" music video at [[MTV Asia Awards 2008]], in [[Genting]], [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web| last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Winners Of The 2008 MTV Asia Awards Revealed| work = | publisher = [[MTV Networks]]| date = 2008-08-02| url = http://www.mtvasiaawards.com/Malaysia/News/200808/03000096.php| format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-08-27}}</ref>
Zevalin, which is not available in a generic form because it is still under patent protection, is currently the most expensive drug available given in a single dose, costing over US$24,000 (17 kEuro) for the average dose. However, Zevalin is essentially an entire course of lymphoma therapy which is delivered in 7-9 days, with one visit for imaging, one visit for a gamma scan, and one visit for the actual therapeutic dose. Compared to other [[monoclonal antibody]] treatments (many of which are well over US$40,000 for a course of therapy), this drug is priced in the middle for many of these therapies.


==See also==
In a highly-publicised lawsuit, Virgin Records sued 30 Seconds to Mars in August 2008 for a failure to deliver on albums within a certain time period. The fine against 30 Seconds to Mars was revealed by Jared Leto in a blog to fans and is believed to be $30,000,000. The case is still pending.
* [[Bexxar]], an alternative radioimmunotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.


==External links==
On August 21 2008, 30 Seconds To Mars won two of the four Kerrang awards that they were nominated for. They won "Best International Band" and "Best Single - From Yesterday"
*[http://www.zevalin.com/ http://www.zevalin.com/ - Official Zevalin web site]

*[http://www.idecpharm.com/ http://www.idecpharm.com/ - Biogen IDEC web site]
The band is currently working on their third album which currently has no release date or album name. The Echelon (fanbase of the band) have been waiting for this album for a long time and are excited for its arrival. {{Fact|date=October 2008}}

==Logo==
[[Image:31129069l0ly.jpg|200px|thumb|The band's phoenix logo.]]
The band's [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]] [[logo]] (which the band named "[[Mithra]]") bears the phrase "''Provehito in Altum''", the band's [[motto]]. Roughly translated from [[Latin language|Latin]], this means "Launch forth into the deep"; but a more stylized version would be "Rocket in(to) High(ness)". The logo was primarily used for promotion of the band's debut, whereas for ''A Beautiful Lie'', the new Trinity logo was created consisting of three skulls, along with the band's name and motto.

==The Echelon==
The Echelon is a publicity street team for the band 30 Seconds to Mars, which helps in bringing friends to the shows, phoning local radio stations to request the band's songs, putting up posters, posting to band forums or related bulletin boards online, and maintaining magazines or websites dedicated to the band. It is also the name of one of their songs in the album ''30 Seconds to Mars''.

==Band members==
===Current===
* [[Jared Leto]] – [[vocals|lead vocals]], [[rhythm guitar]], (sometimes [[lead guitar]]) <small>(1998–present)</small>
* [[Tomo Miličević|Tomislav "Tomo" Miličević]] – lead guitar, [[violin]], [[keyboard instrument|keyboard]]/[[synth]] <small>(2003–present)</small>
* [[Shannon Leto]] – [[drum kit|drums]], [[percussion]] <small>(1998–present)</small>

===Former===
* [[Matt Wachter]] – [[bass guitar]], keyboard/synth <small>(2001–2007)</small>
* [[Solon Bixler]] – guitar <small>(2001–2003)</small>

===Touring===
* [[Tim Kelleher (musician)|Tim Kelleher]] – bass guitar, keyboard/synth <small>(2007–present)</small>
* Kevin Drake – guitar <small>(2001–2002)</small>

==Discography==
===Albums===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2"| Year
!rowspan="2"| Title
!colspan="12"| Chart positions
|-
! width="40"| <small>[[Billboard 200|U.S.]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[United Kingdom|UK]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[Australia|AUS]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[Italy|ITA]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[Finland|FIN]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[New Zealand|NZ]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[Portugal|PT]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[Germany|DEU]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[Swiss|SCH]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[France|FRA]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[Austria|OST]]</small>
! width="40"| <small>[[Netherlands|NED]]</small>
|-
| 2002
| ''[[30 Seconds to Mars (album)|30 Seconds to Mars]]''
*Debut studio album
*Released: [[August 27]], [[2002]]
*Formats: CD, digital download
|align="center"| 107
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|align="center"| -
|-
| 2005
| ''[[A Beautiful Lie]]''
*Second studio album
*Released: [[August 30]], [[2005]]<ref>[http://www.virginrecords.com/kttunstall/ KT Tunstall at VirginRecords.com]. [[Virgin Records]]. Retrieved [[July 20]], [[2007]].</ref>
*Formats: CD, CD/DVD, LP, digital download
|align="center"| 36
|align="center"| 21
|align="center"| 20
|align="center"| 11
|align="center"| 12
|align="center"| 20
|align="center"| 24
|align="center"| 30
|align="center"| 49
|align="center"| 87
|align="center"| 10
|align="center"| 31
|}

===Singles===
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2"|Year
!rowspan="2"|Title
!colspan="12"|Chart positions
!rowspan="2"|Album
|-
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Billboard Hot 100|U.S.<br />Hot<br />100]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Hot Modern Rock Tracks|U.S.<br />Mod.<br />Rock]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks|U.S.<br />Main.<br />Rock]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[UK Singles Chart]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|New Zealand Singles]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[ARIA Charts|Australian Singles Chart]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Italy|Italian Singles Chart]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Portugal|Portugal Singles Chart]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Germany|Germany Singles Chart]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Austria|Austria Singles Chart]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Los 40 Principales|Argentina Singles Chart]]</small>
!width="45"|<center><small>[[Chile|Chilean Singles Chart]]</small><ref>[http://top100chile.blogspot.com Chilean Singles Chart]</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2002
|"[[Capricorn (A Brand New Name)]]"
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|rowspan="2"|''30 Seconds to Mars''
|-
|"[[Edge of the Earth]]"
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|-
|rowspan="1"|2005
|"[[Attack (30 Seconds to Mars song)|Attack]]"
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|48
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|90
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|73
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|92
|align="center"|-
|rowspan="6"|''A Beautiful Lie''
|-
|rowspan="1"|2006
|"[[The Kill|The Kill (Bury Me)]]"
|align="center"|65
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|14
|align="center"|64
|align="center"|22
|align="center"|20
|align="center"|20
|align="center"|16
|align="center"|58
|align="center"|41
|align="center"|89
|align="center"|90
|-
|rowspan="2"|2007
|"[[From Yesterday]]" <Sup>1</Sup>
|align="center"|76
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|11
|align="center"|37
|align="center"|13
|align="center"|33
|align="center"|37
|align="center"|17
|align="center"|72
|align="center"|53
|align="center"|30
|align="center"|76
|-
|"[[The Kill|The Kill (Rebirth)]]"
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|28
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|40
|align="center"|-
|-
|rowspan="2"|2008
|"[[A Beautiful Lie (song)|A Beautiful Lie]]"
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|37
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|16
|align="center"|11
|align="center"|92
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|1
|align="center"|31
|-
|"[[The Story (song)|The Story]]" <Sup>2</Sup>
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|-
|align="center"|6
|align="center"|-
|}

*<sup>1</sup> "[[From Yesterday]]" was released as a single in the UK after "[[The Kill|The Kill (Rebirth)]]", on [[February 4]], [[2008]], with download sales two weeks earlier.
*<sup>2</sup> "[[The Story]]" was released only in Argentina.

===EPs===
{|class="wikitable"
!align="center"|Year
!align="center"|Title
!align="center"|Label
|-
|align="center"|[[2002]]
|align="left"|''[[Acoustic Live Radio Show (30 Seconds to Mars EP)|Acoustic Live Radio Show]]''
* Released: [[2002]]
* Formats: digital download
|align="center"|[[Virgin Records]]<br/>[[Immortal Records]]
|-
|align="center"|[[2007]]
|align="left"|''[[AOL Sessions Undercover (30 Seconds to Mars EP)|AOL Sessions Undercover]]''
* Released: [[13 March]] [[2007]]
* Formats: digital download
|align="center"|[[Virgin Records]]<br/>[[Immortal Records]]
|-
|align="center"|[[2007]]
|align="left"|''[[A Beautiful Lie (30 Seconds to Mars EP)|A Beautiful Lie]]''
* Released: [[17 December]] [[2007]]
* Formats: digital download
|align="center"|[[Virgin Records]]
|-
|align="center"|[[2008]]
|align="left"|''[[To the Edge of the Earth]]''
* Released: [[25 March]] [[2008]]
* Formats: CD, CD/DVD, digital download
|align="center"|[[Virgin Records]]<br/>[[Immortal Records]]
|}

===Acoustic songs===
The band made acoustic versions of songs from their second album ''[[A Beautiful Lie]]''. Some of the acoustics have been included in some versions of the album.
* [[Jared Leto]] - [[vocals]], [[acoustic guitar]], [[acoustic bass guitar|acoustic bass]]
* [[Tomo Miličević]] - [[acoustic guitar]], [[violin]]

===Non-album tracks===
In addition to the tracks on their two full-length releases thus far, the band has also recorded a few other tracks. Among these tracks are "Phase 1: Fortification" and "Valhalla", the latter of which was present on an early demo. "Phase 1: Fortification" was released on an overseas single for "Capricorn (A Brand New Name)". Another track featured on certain imported ''30 Seconds to Mars'' titles is "Anarchy in Tokyo", a song that was recorded during the process of their self-titled debut. "Revolution" was also recorded for the self-titled album, but wasn't included because it didn't fit the theme of the album, and because of fear that listeners would take the lyrics too literally, especially after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.shoutweb.com/interviews/30secondstomars0502.phtml| title = 30 Seconds to Mars: Welcome to Their Universe| accessdate = 2007-02-24| author = Redmon, Jess| month = May | year = 2006| publisher = Shoutweb.com}}</ref> "Occam's Razor" was also recorded, but was never included on any of the band's releases. As a result, it is considered the most difficult to locate of the five unreleased tracks.

Demo versions of songs on the band's self-titled debut were also slightly different, along with different names. For example, "Fallen" was previously called "Jupiter", and "Year Zero" was previously called "Hero". Also made available are the demo versions of "Buddha for Mary" and "93 Million Miles"; the latter originally had lyrics referring to the band [[Deadsy]], whose members [[Renn Hawkey|Dr. Nner]] and [[Elijah Blue Allman|P. Exeter Blue I]] provided extra instrumentation on several tracks, but the lyrics were changed after the two bands were involved in a small feud.

During recent live shows, the band has premiered two new songs, one of which may end up on the new album: "Some Other Sun" and "The Believer", which were initially written for the self-titled album but was scrapped during recording, as well as live songs such as "Sisters of Heresy" and "Under Pressure / Pressure" (Name of song unsure, name based on lyrics).

On [[December 11]], [[2006]], the band sent their fans a "stocking stuffer" in the form of a holiday song called "Santa Through the Back Door". It was featured on a [[KROQ]] (Los Angeles) compilation which coincided with the station's annual [[KROQ Almost Acoustic Christmas|Almost Acoustic Christmas]] festival. The song also featured a spoken word intro performed by the band's roadie Mike "Colonel Buck" Bobroff who also performed the intro prior to the band's set at the festival on [[December 9]], [[2006]].

In September 2007, the band also recorded a cover of [[Kanye West]]'s "[[Stronger (Kanye West song)|Stronger]]" for [[BBC Radio 1]]'s [[Live Lounge]].

In February 2008, the band had premiered a song during the first European blood ball in Milan, Italy. Leto said the song is called "Old Blues Song".

===Music videos===
* "Capricorn (A Brand New Name)" (2002, directed by Paul Fedor) from ''[[30 Seconds to Mars (album)|30 Seconds to Mars]]''
* "Edge of the Earth" (2002, directed by Kevin McCullough) from ''[[30 Seconds to Mars (album)|30 Seconds to Mars]]''
* "Attack" (2005, directed by Paul Fedor (uncredited)) from ''[[A Beautiful Lie]]''
* "The Kill" (2006, directed by [[Jared Leto]] as Bartholomew Cubbins) from ''[[A Beautiful Lie]]''
* "From Yesterday" (2006, directed by [[Jared Leto]] as Bartholomew Cubbins) from ''[[A Beautiful Lie]]''
* "A Beautiful Lie" (2008, directed by [[Jared Leto]] as Angakok Panipaq) from ''[[A Beautiful Lie]]''

===Songs featured in media===
* "Echelon" (''[[The Core]]'') (2003)
* "Battle of One" (''[[Madden NFL 07]]'') (2006)
* "Attack" (''[[ATV Offroad Fury 4]]'') (2006)
* "A Beautiful Lie" (Commercial for ''[[Without a Trace]]'') (2007)
* "The Kill" (''[[The Invisible (film)|The Invisible]]'') (2007)
* "From Yesterday" (Commercial for ''[[New Amsterdam (TV series)|New Amsterdam]]'') (2007)
* "The Kill" (''[[Without a Trace]]'') (2007)
* "The Kill" (''[[Hollyoaks]]'') (2007)
* "The Kill" (''[[Rock Band]]'') (2007)
* "Attack" (''[[Rock Band]]'') (2007)


==References==
==References==
<references/>
{{Commonscat|30 Seconds to Mars}}
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{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.thirtysecondstomars.com 30 Seconds to Mars' official website]
* [http://www.jaredleto-germany.de/ Jared Leto/30 Seconds to Mars Fansite]


{{mousemonoclonals}}
{{30 Seconds to Mars}}
{{Radiopharmaceuticals}}


[[Category:American alternative rock music groups]]
[[Category:Monoclonal antibodies]]
[[Category:2000s music groups]]
[[Category:Cancer treatments]]
[[Category:California musical groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1998]]
[[Category:Musical groups with siblings]]
[[Category:Post-grunge groups]]


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Revision as of 05:58, 11 October 2008

Ibritumomab tiuxetan
Monoclonal antibody
Type?
SourceMurine
TargetCD20
Clinical data
ATC code
Identifiers
CAS Number
DrugBank
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC6382H9830N1672O1979S5499Y111In
Molar mass143375.5 g/mol

Ibritumomab tiuxetan, also sold under the trade name Zevalin, is a monoclonal antibody radioimmunotherapy treatment for some forms of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a myeloproliferative disorder of the lymphatic system. The drug uses the monoclonal mouse IgG1 antibody ibritumomab (pronounced as <ih bri TYOO mo mab>) [1] in conjunction with the chelator tiuxetan, to which a radioactive isotope (either yttrium-90 or indium-111) is added.

Mechanism of action

The antibody binds to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B cells (but not B cell precursors), allowing radiation from the attached isotope (mostly beta emission) to kill it and some nearby cells. In addition, the antibody itself may trigger cell death via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and apoptosis. Together, these actions eliminate B cells from the body, allowing a new population of healthy B cells to develop from lymphoid stem cells.

Administration

In order to qualify for Zevalin, a patient needs to have bone marrow involvement of < 25%[2] and > 15% bone marrow cellularity. Since Zevalin is known to cause cytopenias, platelet and neutrophil counts are also taken pretreatment. Since a murine antibody is used, the patient might also be tested for Human Anti Mouse Antibodies (HAMA). Having bulky disease does not disqualify a patient.

The Zevalin regimen takes 7-9 days, with two administrations of Zevalin. Each dose is preceded by Rituxan, in order to pre-deplete B lymphocytes.[3] The dose of Rituxan given here is less than the usual dose.

The first dose uses Indium-111 Zevalin for imaging. Indium-111 emits some gamma radiation, which can be picked up by the gamma camera. A scan is done to assess biodistribution[4] of the drug. This test dose is used to determine that no excess amounts go to the marrow, liver, etc. in this particular patient.

If the gamma scan shows no altered biodistribution, then the second dose is given, using Yttrium-90 Zevalin as the actual treatment. Yttrium[5]-90 emits the cell-killing beta radiation.

Ibritumomab tiuxetan is administered by intravenous infusion which usually lasts around 10 minutes. Only acrylic shielding is needed, not lead.

Efficacy

Treatment with Zevalin showed higher response rates in clinical trials compared to treatment with only Rituxan (similar to Zevalin, but without the attached radioisotope), and showed very promising results for patients who no longer respond to Rituxan.

In patients With Relapsed or Refractory Low-Grade, Follicular, or Transformed B-cell NHL, where no prior anti-CD20 therapy was allowed, the OR was 80% / 50% and CR was 34% / 20%, comparing Zevalin to Rituxan. [6]

However, in a Phase II study on Zevalin with the more aggressive mantle cell lymphoma, the OR was only 42% and CR was 26%[7].

History

Developed by the IDEC Pharmaceuticals, which is now part of Biogen Idec, ibritumomab tiuxetan was the first radioimmunotherapy drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2002 to treat cancer.

In August 2007, Cell Therapeutics Inc announced plans to buy the U.S. rights to sell, market, and distribute this radioactive antibody from Biogen for approximately US$30 million, or the equivalent of about two years' net sales revenue in the U.S. for the drug.[7] Outside of the U.S., Bayer Schering continues to have the rights to the drug.

Costs

Zevalin, which is not available in a generic form because it is still under patent protection, is currently the most expensive drug available given in a single dose, costing over US$24,000 (17 kEuro) for the average dose. However, Zevalin is essentially an entire course of lymphoma therapy which is delivered in 7-9 days, with one visit for imaging, one visit for a gamma scan, and one visit for the actual therapeutic dose. Compared to other monoclonal antibody treatments (many of which are well over US$40,000 for a course of therapy), this drug is priced in the middle for many of these therapies.

See also

  • Bexxar, an alternative radioimmunotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

External links

References

  1. ^ pronunciation: ibritumomab[1]
  2. ^ Indications [2]
  3. ^ Dosing and Administration[3]
  4. ^ Biodistribution
  5. ^ Sound file - pronunciation Yttrium[4]
  6. ^ Efficacy[5]
  7. ^ Zevalin and mantle cell[6]

Template:Mousemonoclonals

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