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{{Classical|class=|importance=}}
{{Infobox Person
{{WikiProject Music venues|class=B|importance=Top}}
|name = Sally Hemings
== Proposed protocol for this "List of Concert Halls" ==
|image =
Since this is a list of HALLS rather than PACs or performance spaces, etc, I have revised much of this article based on the following criteria:
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = circa 1773
|birth_place = [[Shadwell (Virginia)|Shadwell]], [[Albemarle County, Virginia]]
|death_date = 1835
|death_place = [[Charlottesville, Virginia]]
|death_cause =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|residence =
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|other_names =
|known_for =
|education =
|alma_mater =
|employer =
|occupation = [[Slave]]
|home_town =
|title =
|salary =
|networth =
|height =
|weight =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party =
|boards =
|religion =
|spouse =
|parents = [[Betty Hemings]], [[John Wayles]]
|children = Harriet Hemings, Beverly Hemings, [[Eston Hemings]], [[Madison Hemings]]
|relatives = [[John Wayles Jefferson]], [[James Hemings]], [[John Hemings]], [[Mary Hemings]], [[Frederick Madison Roberts]]
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}


'''1. Name of Hall:''' Where the hall has an obvious name (named after a person, etc.), that name should be used, even if it is part of a larger PAC.
'''Sally Hemings''' ([[Shadwell (Virginia)|Shadwell]], [[Albemarle County, Virginia]], circa 1773 &ndash; [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], 1835) was an American [[slavery|slave]] owned by [[Thomas Jefferson]]. She is said to have been the [[half-sister]] of Jefferson's deceased wife [[Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson]].<ref name=autogenerated3>[http://wiki.monticello.org/mediawiki/index.php/John_Wayles ''John Wayles Paternity'']</ref> Jefferson was alleged during his administration to have fathered several children with slaves; more recently [[Jefferson DNA data|DNA test]]s indicate that a male in Jefferson's line, possibly Thomas Jefferson himself, was the father of at least one of Sally Hemings's children.
e.g. [[Alice Tully Hall]] is part of [[Lincoln Center]]


Where the name of the hall is not English (e.g. [[Musikverein]], it should appear in the original language with a translation if appropriate.
==Biography==
e.g. Musikhuset Aarhus (Aarhus Concert Hall)
Hemings's mother, [[Betty Hemings]], was the daughter of the English Captain Hemings and an enslaved African woman.<ref name="madisonstatement" /> Along with other members of her family, she was owned by Jefferson's [[father-in-law]], John Wayles, who died in 1773, leaving nearly all members of the Hemings family to his daughter [[Martha Jefferson]].<ref name=autogenerated3 /> Several sources assert that Martha and Sally were half-sisters, both fathered by John Wayles, which is generally accepted, but not undisputed. The Hemings family was at the top of the slave "hierarchy" at [[Monticello]].<ref name="reed160">Gordon-Reed, Annette. ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy''. University of Virginia Press (April 1997). p.160. ISBN 0813916984.</ref>


'''2. When to include PAC's name:'''
In 1784, Thomas Jefferson took up residence in [[Paris]] as the American envoy to [[France]]. In 1787, Jefferson sent for his daughter, nine-year-old Maria (Polly) Jefferson, to come live with him. He asked that Isabel, an older woman, be sent as a companion for Polly, but because Isabel had recently given birth, the teen-aged Sally Hemings accompanied her instead. Polly and Hemings were met in [[London]] by [[John Adams|John]] and [[Abigail Adams]]. Abigail described Sally as a "Girl about 15 or 16" and as "quite a child, and Captain Ramsey is of opinion will be of so little Service that he had better carry her back with him." She added that Sally "seems fond of [Polly] and appears good-natured."<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mtj1&fileName=mtj1page007.db&recNum=536''Abigail Adams to Jeffferson June 26, 1787'']</ref> Ten days later she wrote that after five weeks at sea Polly had become "rough as a little sailor" but after two days had been restored to amiability; Sally, however, she said, "wants more care than the child, and is wholly incapable of looking properly after her, without some superior to direct her."<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mtj1&fileName=mtj1page007.db&recNum=610''Abigail Adams to jefferson July 6, 1787'']</ref>
As in the example above, BOTH the hall name and the PAC's name appear with separate Wiki links
e.g. [[Alice Tully Hall]], [[Lincoln Center]]


'''3. Name of Performing Arts Center where hall has a generic name (e.g. "Concert Hall"):'''
Sally remained in France for twenty-six months. Also present was her brother, [[James Hemings|James]], who had accompanied Jefferson to France in 1784, and was learning to be a chef. Both Sally and James received wages while in France, and towards the end of their stay, James used them to pay a French tutor. There is no record of where Sally stayed. She could have stayed with Jefferson and her brother at the Hotel de Langoque or at the convent where Maria and Martha were schooled; in either case, Jefferson and his retinue spent weekends together at his villa.<ref> Thomas Jefferson: A Life, Willard S. Randall, Henry Holt & Co., 1993, p. 475</ref> The convent's bills do not seem to have included a boarding charge for Sally. The only clear documentation shows that Jefferson purchased clothing for her, probably because she needed to accompany Martha to formal events.<ref>{http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/interviews/reed.html ''Interview with Anette Gordon-Reed'']</ref>
In this case, where it is the PAC rather than the hall which is known, it should appear with the name of the PAC first followed by the generic name.
e.g. [[Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts]] Concert Hall


I trust that everyone is in agreement with this as a means of presenting the infomration in a more logical way - given the title of the article.
Under French law, both Sally and James could have petitioned for their freedom. According to her son, Madison, Sally was learning French, and was aware that she could be free in France. He claimed that she became pregnant by Jefferson and refused to return to the United States unless Jefferson agreed to free her children, and that Jefferson agreed.<ref name="madisonstatement" />
[[User:Vivaverdi|Vivaverdi]] 18:13, 24 March 2006 (UTC)


:'''Proposed Column Reorder'''
Hemings returned to the United States with Jefferson in 1789. While evidence is scarce, she seems to have lived the rest of her life at Monticello or in nearby [[Charlottesville]], where she moved after Jefferson's death. According to Jefferson's records, she had six children:
:Now that we have broken out the centers and halls (which I think has worked out quite well - I'm sure that soon we'll have a PAC article listing all of the halls for each PAC), I have been confronted with the issue of ordering. I think that the halls are best known by the Center most of the time, so I was going to change the column order and place the Center first, ordering the list alphabetically by the Center, and then have the Hall as the second column. Many times the Hall name may just be "Concert Hall" anyway. Any objections or thoughts before I go ahead and make this change? [[User:Bhludzin|Bhludzin]] 18:35, 29 June 2006 (UTC)


::The problem with this approach is how someone will search for a concert hall. The Louise Davies Hall in San Francisco is part of the larger PAC with a different name. I've gone through and changed the name where appropriate to the correct PAC, rather than duplicate the Hall name and PAC in side-by-side columns. e.g. Royal Albert Hall is not part of a PAC, so it does not need anything in the PAC column.
* Harriet Hemings (I) (October 5, 1795 - December 7, 1797)<ref name="HemingsMont"/>
* Beverly Hemings ''(possibly born William Beverly Hemings)'' (April 1, 1798 - after 1873)<ref name="HemingsMont"/>
* unnamed daughter ''(possibly named Thenia after Hemings's sister Thenia)'' (born in 1799 and died in infancy)<ref name=HemingsMont>[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/hemings-jefferson_contro.html ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: A Brief Account'']. Monticello.org.</ref>
* Harriet Hemings (II) (May 22, 1801 - after 1863)<ref name="HemingsMont"/>
* [[Madison Hemings]] ''(possibly born James Madison Hemings)'' (January 19, 1805 - 1877)<ref name="HemingsMont"/>
* [[Eston Hemings]] ''(possibly born Thomas Eston Hemings)'' (May 21, 1808 - 1856)<ref name="HemingsMont"/>


::If we reverse this, there will be an empty spaces. AS noted somewhere (below?), a separate List of PACs might be a better approach.
According to the 1873 recollections of her son Madison, she also bore a child in 1790, who died soon after.<ref name="madisonstatement" /> According to controversial newspaper accounts and the oral tradition of the descendants of former slave Thomas Woodson, a son named Thomas was born in 1790. Jefferson recorded slave births in his Farm Book. Some observers have noted inconsistencies in the records: there are erasures in the birth entry columns for 1790 and other years on page 31;<ref name = "page31">[http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/cfm/doc.cfm?id=farm_31&mode=sm ''Page 31 of the Farm Book, with erasure'']</ref> usually Jefferson crossed out entries of those who died. Also, Jefferson did not take note of the father's name for Sally's children, although for some slaves' births he did note the father.<ref name="appleby">Appleby, Joyce Oldham and Arthur Schlesinger. ''Thomas Jefferson''. Macmillan, 2003. pp. 75-77.</ref>.


::[[User:Vivaverdi|Vivaverdi]] 18:43, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
Sally Hemings' duties included being a nursemaid-companion, lady's maid, chambermaid and seamstress. It is not known whether she was literate, and she left no known writings.<ref name=HemingsMont/> Hemings almost looked white in appearance and had "straight hair down her back."<ref name="reed160"/> Jefferson's grandson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, described her as "light colored and decidedly good looking." As an adult she may have lived in a room in Monticello's "South Dependencies," a wing of the mansion which was accessible to the main house through a covered passageway.<ref name=autogenerated5>[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/appendixh.html ''Appendix H: Sally Hemings and Her Children'']. Monticello.org.</ref>


:::The problem is that I don't think that the hall name is what most people know. Who knows that the name of the symphony hall at the Kimmel Center is Verizon Hall? I think that most of the time, people know the Center or building before they know the Hall name. I think the Davies Hall is an exception - when I lived in San Francisco for 6 years, the whole building was always called the Davies Hall, and it was later that they named everything the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center. I propose that everything is ordered like it is in all of the other lists (e.g. [[List of symphony orchestras]], [[List of rapid transit systems]]), geographically first. But then I feel that the columns should be the Center and then the Hall. [[User:Bhludzin|Bhludzin]] 19:54, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
Sally never married. (As a slave, no marriage of hers would have been recognized under Virginia law anyway.) While Sally Hemings worked at Monticello, she was able to have her children nearby. According to her son Madison, they "were permitted to stay about the 'great house,' and only required to do such light work as going on errands." Madison said that Thomas Jefferson was a kind man, but was "not in the habit" of showing fatherly affection to him and his siblings. At age 14 they began their training, the brothers in carpentry and Harriet as a spinner and weaver. Beverly, Madison and Eston all learned to play the fiddle. In 1819 or 1820, a Jefferson granddaughter invited a friend to come to Monticello to "dance after Beverley's music" at the South Pavilion. Beverly "ran away" in 1822 and was not pursued. Harriet followed in the same year. According to the overseer Edmund Bacon, he gave her $50 and put her on a stagecoach, presumably to join her brother or another relative. <ref name="monticelloreport"/>


::::Agree on the idea of making this list conform to the examples of other lists. Right now, I'm trying to get as much accuracy as possible with the entries we have; then they can be re-ordered.
There is nothing in Jefferson's references to Hemings in his records that distinguishes her as receiving special treatment, but her extended family did. <ref name=HemingsMont/> Out of the hundreds of slaves he owned, Jefferson freed only two slaves in his lifetime, and five in his will - all from the Hemings family. Additionally, he allowed Harriet and Beverly to "escape" with his tacit consent.<ref name=autogenerated4>[http://wiki.monticello.org/mediawiki/index.php/Slaves_Who_Gained_Freedom''Thomas Jefferson Wiki'']Slaves who gained freedom</ref> He also successfully petitioned the Virginia legislature to allow her sons Eston and Madison to remain in Virginia after they were free, as Virginia law held that freed slaves must leave within a year. Sally Hemings was never officially freed, an act - if Jefferson had ever considered it - which would have certainly drawn scrutiny.<ref name="appleby"/><ref name=autogenerated5 /> When appraisers arrived at Monticello after Jefferson's death to evaluate his estate, they described 56-year-old Hemings as "an old woman worth $50."<ref name="halliday">Halliday, E.M. ''Understanding Thomas Jefferson''. HarperCollins, 2001. ISBN 0060957611. p.120-122.</ref> Jefferson's daughter, Martha Randolph, then apparently gave Hemings her "time", a type of informal freedom which would allow her to continue to live in Virginia, and Hemings lived out the rest of her life in Charlottesville, with her sons.<ref name="monticelloreport"/> Researchers believe she was buried at a site in downtown Charlottesville, which now lies beneath a parking lot.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E4DC1131F931A3575BC0A96F958260 ''Fighting for Space at the Jefferson Family Table''] NY Times</ref><ref>[http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GEN-AFRICAN/1999-05/0926888695 ''Rift runs through Jefferson family reunion'']</ref>


::::Agree with you on Davies Hall in SF: that name should appear first, but it is part of the SFWMPAC and is administered by them, a bit like Lincoln Center - a separate building among many other specialized ones rather than all auditoria under one roof.
==Controversy over Sally Hemings's children==
===Press reports and rumors===
Prior to 1802, vague insinuations had been published in the ''Washington Federalist'' newspaper regarding Jefferson's alleged involvement with slaves.<ref name="monticelloreport" /> In 1802, [[James T. Callender]], a muckraking political journalist and former supporter of Thomas Jefferson, published a claim in the Richmond ''Recorder'' newspaper that Jefferson was the father of five children by Sally Hemings, including a son, Tom. By that time, according to various written sources, Hemings had borne as many as five children, but three had died, and there is no contemporary record of a son named "Tom" - Thomas Eston was born later - other than in Callender's articles or accounts derived from them.<ref name=HemingsMont/> Callender called the child "President Tom," saying that he closely resembled the President and had been born upon Jefferson and Hemings' return from Paris. Jefferson's grandson Thomas Jefferson Randolph later admitted that Sally's children resembled Jefferson "so closely that it was plain that they had his blood in their veins," attributing the resemblance to paternity by a Jefferson relative. Despite that admission, Callender had never visited Monticello and relied on second-hand information and speculation for his stories.<ref name="monticelloreport" /><ref>''The Wolf by the Ears'', John Chester Miller, The Free Press, 1977 p.154</ref> Although he made an effort to correct factual errors in his account, and he was correct in reporting the existence of Sally, her presence in France, and the resemblance of her children to Jefferson, his basic assertion that "President Tom" existed has never been proven.<ref name="monticelloreport" />


::::Re: example like Kimmel. For all entries, we could do what I'd proposed up top a long time ago: i.e. when there is a generic "Concert Hall", put the name of the Center first, then "Concert Hall" as in Kennedy Center etc...
Today Callender is remembered as a mere "scandalmonger," but Jefferson, prior to meeting him, had concluded that Callender was "A man of genius" and "a man of science fled from persecution" - based on his knowledge of Callender's previous work criticizing politics in Great Britain, work which had necessitated his flight to the United States. Jefferson sought to make use of him against John Adams after Callender's success in scandalizing Alexander Hamilton. Subsequent to meeting him, Jefferson paid him, over time, two hundred dollars. He also reviewed and provided feedback on early proofs of Callender's anti-Federalist pamphlet ''The Prospect Before Us''.<ref>''The Wolf by the Ears'', John Chester Miller, The Free Press, 1977 p.148 -151</ref><ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/adams/peopleevents/p_callender.html]''Callender's Relationship with Jefferson''</ref> In 1800, consequent to the publication of ''The Prospect Before Us'', Callender was incarcerated by President John Adams under the [[Alien and Sedition Act|Sedition Act]]. After Callender was released and Jefferson was elected president, Callender was retroactively pardoned by Jefferson. He then asked Jefferson to appoint him [[Postmaster]] of [[Richmond, Virginia]], warning that if he did not there would be consequences. Callender believed erroneously that Jefferson was conspiring to deprive him of money owed to him by the government after the pardon. Jefferson refused to make the appointment. Subsequently, Callender published claims that Jefferson had funded his prior journalistic activities. After denials were issued, he also published Jefferson's letters to him to prove the relationship. Later, angered by the response of Jefferson supporters, which included the smear that Callender had abandoned his wife, leaving her to die of a venereal disease,<ref> Thomas Jefferson: A Life, Willard S. Randall, Henry Holt & Co., 1993, p.556</ref> Callender wrote in a series of articles that Jefferson fathered children "by this wench Sally." <ref>''The Wolf by the Ears'', John Chester Miller, The Free Press, 1977 p.152 - 153</ref><ref name="reed160">Gordon-Reed, Annette. ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy''. University of Virginia Press (April 1997). p 59-61. ISBN 0813916984.</ref>


::::So "Verizon Hall" would appear as: "Kimmel Center, Verizon Hall". How would that look to everyone? "Lincoln Center, Alice Tully Hall"??
The Hemings allegations resurfaced in the press in 1805, as a footnote to a different controversy (also initiated by Callender before his death in 1803) involving Jefferson's attempted affair with a married neighbor decades earlier. A private letter from a "Thomas Turner" was reprinted in a Boston newspaper, asserting the Hemings allegation was "unquestionably true." Unlike Callender, Turner correctly identified Hemings's eldest son as Beverly, and introduced to the public (but did not invent) the claim that Sally Hemings was the half-sister of Jefferson's deceased wife.<ref>Gordon-Reed, Annette. ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy''. University of Virginia Press (April 1997). p.73. ISBN 0813916984.</ref>


::::[[User:Vivaverdi|Vivaverdi]] 13:22, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
While the rumors promoted by Callender were unable to defeat Jefferson politically, they were a lasting source of concern in posterity, and for his friends and family, some of whom believed the rumors and some not.<ref name="monticelloreport"/> His friend, Abigail Adams, in a letter of July 1, 1804, chastised Jefferson: "The serpent you cherished and warmed bit the hand that nourished him, and gave you sufficient specimens of his talents, his gratitude, his justice, and his truth."<ref>The Adams - Jefferson Letters, v. 1, University of North Carolina Press, 1959, p. 274</ref> In a later letter she characterized herself as a former friend and said Jefferson's explanation of his involvement with Callender was at variance with what she - and everyone she had ever discussed the matter with - believed.<ref>The Adams - Jefferson Letters, v. 1, University of North Carolina Press, 1959, p. 276</ref> John Adams, in a statement that historians have variously characterized as supporting or as rejecting Calender's claims, wrote "Callender and Sally will be remembered as long as Jefferson, as blots in his character. The story of the latter is a natural and almost unavoidable consequence of that foul Contagion in the human Character, Negro Slavery..."<ref name="monticelloreport"/>


:::::I like that so much better. (Sorry I took a while to respond - I burned out on this list for a while after so many edits...) I think that left-to-right the columns should be: country (when the region permits all to be in one list), state or province (when it is applicable, like the U.S.), then city, then PAC, then Hall/Building/Room. I think that it should be ordered that way as well - when I look at the list, I drill down geographically - you always know what country/city/state the hall is in, but you might not know the name. I think this way the list would be much more approachable. How do you feel about doing it like that?
===Madison Hemings's memoir===
[[Madison Hemings]], one of Sally's sons, claimed in an 1873 memoir (edited by Samuel Wetmore, publisher of the Ohio newspaper ''The Pike County Republican'') that Thomas Jefferson was his father and the father of all of Sally's children.<ref name="madisonstatement" /> He revealed that his brothers and sister had passed into white society, concealing their slave origin. Hemings's account does not mention the "President Tom" of Callender's claims, but instead asserts that Sally Hemings's first child was conceived in France, and was born and died soon after her return to Virginia. <ref name="madisonstatement">{{cite web | title = Memoirs of Madison Hemings | url = http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/cron/1873march.html }}</ref>


:::::[[User:Bhludzin|Bhludzin]] 23:52, 29 July 2006 (UTC)
Despite that discrepancy, some propose that the 1873 memoir was based on Callender's articles, with both including the same misspelling of the name of Martha Jefferson's father, John Wayles.<ref name="meyerresearch">{{cite web | title = The Thomas Jefferson - Sally Hemings Myth and the Politicization of American History | author = Mayer, David |date= 2001-04-09| url = http://www.ashbrook.org/articles/mayer-hemings.html | accessdate = 2007-08-02 }}</ref> However the phonetic mistranscription of "Wayles" to "Wales" may be an error that is easily reproduced independently.


Just getting to look at this again. Thanks for your comments. I don't have a problem with that approach, although my only reservation would be that the HALL needs to be somehow prominent, so maybe that could be achieved by having a shaded background to the Hall column even if it is a few cols. over from the left.
It is also alleged that there is no evidence of any oral tradition predating the 1873 memoir, by other descendants of Monticello slaves or within the Hemings family; however, oral traditions, by their very nature of being oral, tend not to leave evidence until they are written down. Since a large number of Hemings descendants were "passing for white," and Beverly and Harriet Hemings's legal status was as runaway slaves until 1865, there was a strong imperative to leave no record.<ref name = brodie /> <ref name = 'wm'/> In any case, a newspaper reminiscence published in 1902 by a non-relative claimed that it was widely accepted as true by their neighbors in Chillicothe, Ohio in the 1840s that Eston and Madison were Jefferson's sons.<ref name="autogenerated2">[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/cron/1902sprig.html ''A sprig of Jefferson'']</ref>


Now that we are ordered by country it looks a lot better than it did, so, for the US entries, ordering by city, then state (together as we have it now? not 2 cols I think) seems to be the proposal and that's fine by me.
Factual errors regarding the length of Sally Hemings's stay in France and the terms of Jefferson's will, and Madison's claim to have been named by Dolley Madison have also contributed to skepticism towards the account. Another source of incredulity is Madison's claim that Jefferson had little taste for agriculture and favored "mechanics"; this perhaps can be explained by noting that Madison came of age in a period of great construction at Monticello, late in Jefferson's life, and Madison was trained as a carpenter.<ref>Gordon-Reed, Annette. ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy''. University of Virginia Press (April 1997). p.22. ISBN 0813916984.</ref>


Let's play with it and see how it looks. [[User:Vivaverdi|Vivaverdi]] 23:56, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
A second Monticello slave account<ref name ="israel" /> in the same newspaper supported Madison Hemings's story, which prompted Jefferson's grandson Thomas Jefferson Randolph to respond at length in an unpublished letter regarding alleged chronological and factual errors in that story.<ref> [http://wiki.monticello.org/mediawiki/index.php/Lafayette_at_Monticello#_ref-6]'' TJ Randolph reply to Pike''</ref>


:P.S. As a matter of simplicity, I think that we can remove the duplication as in the Hong Kong section. No need to repeat Hong Kong in the city column. It's already be done with Japan and others.... [[User:Vivaverdi|Vivaverdi]] 23:59, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
Some skeptics have asserted that Madison's memoir exhibits a vocabulary unlikely to be used by a former slave, betraying the hand of the editor Samuel Wetmore - a Republican partisan and abolitionist. Wetmore's other accounts in the same series, however, do not exhibit the same degree of stylistic peculiarities. <ref name ="israel">[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/cron/1873israel.html ''Memoirs of Israel Jefferson'']</ref> Madison, as a member of the privileged Hemings family, did grow up in proximity to the polymath Jefferson and his children, and according to his own account, was tutored by Jefferson's grandchildren, subsequently pursuing literacy on his own, and it has been noted that modern preconceptions of what an ex-slave "should" sound like have influenced the memoir's reception.<ref>Gordon-Reed, Annette. ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy''. University of Virginia Press (April 1997). p.19 - p.22. ISBN 0813916984.</ref>


::I did it (and it was a LOT of work). I reorganized all of the tables - I think that everything is much more readable and accessible now. It will now be easier to expand the list as well, because we can see the geographic areas where we have holes in the list, and can do searches for "concert hall" with particular countries or cities. The boldest move that I made was to change the "PAC" and "Concert Hall" columns to "Venue" and "Room" respectively. They are the only terms that fit the data. Many of the entries that were in the PAC column are not PACs, but are just the concert hall building itself, or are civic centers, universities, etc. So I thought that "Venue" fit better than PAC. And then within the venue there is a specific room - the use of the term "Concert Hall" for the Room column heading was very confusing since many of the venues have the words "Concert Hall" in the name of the venue (which was in the other column). [[User:Bhludzin|Bhludzin]] 04:29, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
Finally, Madison's claim of paternity by Thomas Jefferson has been portrayed as wishful thinking. Shortly after its publication, a rival newspaper wrote "We have no doubt but there are at least fifty negroes in this county who lay claim to illustrious parentage. This is a well known peculiarity of the colored race."<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/cron/1873rebuttal.html ''Waverly Watchman rebuttal'']</ref> More recently, David Mayer, a participant in the Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society's "Scholar's Commission" report issued in 2001, wrote that treating Madison's memoir as "history" instead of "myth" would be akin to "saying that a famous tribal leader among the Pacific Northwest First Peoples really was descended from a raven bird, because his family myth says so..."<ref name=meyerresearch /> Annette Gordon-Reed, author of ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy'', notes that Hemings was vilified and ridiculed after the memoir was released, and after his memoir was forgotten and rediscovered, he was vilified and ridiculed again, "as if nothing had happened in America between 1873 and the 1990s." <ref>Gordon-Reed, Annette. ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy''. University of Virginia Press (April 1997). p.235. ISBN 0813916984.</ref>


:::Excellent. I think this looks fine this way. Well done.... [[User:Vivaverdi|Vivaverdi]] 18:32, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
===Eston Hemings family oral tradition===


===Update on protocol===
When author Fawn Brodie encountered descendants of [[Eston Hemings]] in the 1970s, she discovered that they had been unaware of their relation to Sally Hemings - Eston had changed his surname to Jefferson after he moved to Wisconsin - and of their African ancestry, and had been told that they were distant relations of Jefferson's "uncle" (Jefferson's uncles died long before the Hemings children were born).<ref name = brodie /> Since then, skeptics have seized upon this to refute the Thomas Jefferson paternity claim, speculating that "uncle" actually referred to Jefferson's brother, Randolph. However, Eston's descendants subsequently revealed that the "uncle" story had been fabricated by male family members in the 1940s out of concern over racial discrimination; the purpose of the change was to mask their descent from African slaves, not merely Thomas Jefferson, a descent from whom there could be no other explanation.<ref>{{cite news | title = A Founding Father and His Family | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/03/nyregion/03JEFF.html }}</ref> The existence of a previous oral tradition claiming descent from Jefferson himself is supported by a letter to the ''Chicago Tribune'' after the death of Eston's son Beverly in 1908, from Beverly's friend, author and publisher Augustus J. Munson, which stated Beverly was a grandson of Thomas Jefferson. It is also supported by a 1902 ''Scioto Gazette'' story about Eston and his reputation as Jefferson's son.<ref name="autogenerated1">National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 89, No. 3, September 2001, p. 216</ref><ref name="autogenerated2" /><ref name="monticelloreport" /> The connection to the Hemings family and to Monticello was obscured by the change in the story in the 1940s, rather than to the Jefferson family: the changes included the omission of the 15 years the family had lived in the African American community in Chillicothe, Ohio; the altering of the spelling of "Eston" to "Estis"; and the relocation of the family's origin from Albemarle County to Fairfax County.<ref>Lewis, Jan. ''Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture''. University of Virginia Press (1999). p.174. </ref>
Suggestion: since this is a list where halls or PACs appear right after the location, I felt that, if one is listed as part of a university campus, the name of the university should appear AFTER the name of the hall or PAC (unless its offical name ins the "U of A Perf Arts Center").


I've made some changes to reflect this, and found that further discreet wiki links emerge e.g.: [[Arizona State University]] and [[Gammage Auditorium]]
===Woodson family oral tradition===


===Protocol revisions proposals- 25 November 2007===
Descendants of Thomas Woodson, a "free colored" man first recorded as living in West Virginia, have published claims that he was Sally Hemings's son by Thomas Jefferson, conceived in France and born at Monticello in 1790, the "President Tom" of Callender's articles. The first known documentary evidence regarding Woodson's life shows that he was a farmer in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, in 1807. DNA testing of five descendants of Woodson showed no relation to Jefferson. The report filed in the year 2000 by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, the non-profit organization which maintains Monticello, found that Woodson's claims were improbable, despite being corroborated by Callender's original story and by the Woodson family oral tradition: "If Thomas C. Woodson was Sally Hemings’s son born in 1790, he would have been a father at sixteen and a landowner at seventeen; his wife would have been eight years older
:It would seem to me to make more sense having the name of the larger body appear first, then the smaller entities within it.
than he. While this is not necessarily impossible, it would have been highly unusual."<ref name="monticelloreport">{{cite web | title = Jefferson-Hemings Report | date = 2001-01 | url = http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/jefferson-hemings_report.pdf | format=PDF| publisher = ''Thomas Jefferson Foundation'' | accessdate = 2007-08-02 }}</ref> In 2001, the National Genealogical Quarterly placed his birth date circa 1784-85, based on census data.


:That seems to the way most of this is article is laid out anyway.
===Jefferson's comments===
Thomas Jefferson himself never commented publicly on the issue, though some of his remarks have been interpreted as indirect denials.


:Therefore, it would be:
In a private letter he expressed his fear about the effect the social relations supporting slavery would have on those who would suddenly find themselves free: "For men probably of any color, but of this color we know, brought from their infancy without necessity for thought or forecast... Their amalgamation with the other color, produces a degradation to which no lover of his country, no lover of excellence in the human character, can innocently consent."<ref> [http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=307 ''Letter to Edward Coles''] August 25, 1814</ref> Some take this as expressing an unqualified opposition to racial mixing. In his [[Notes on the State of Virginia]] Jefferson confessed to a physical aversion towards dark-skinned Africans; however, according to the pseudo-scientific calculus of race to which he subscribed, the children of Sally Hemings, who was three-quarters white, would be both legally and by "blood," white.<ref>Lewis, Jan. ''Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture''. University of Virginia Press (1999). p.262 ''Letter to Francis Gray, March 4, 1815. </ref>
*State
*City
*Name of complex (whether PAC or University or "host" body)
*Name of "Room" within that body; if no host body, then just name of room and next col empty
*Size
*etc <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Viva-Verdi|Viva-Verdi]] ([[User talk:Viva-Verdi|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Viva-Verdi|contribs]]) 20:00, 25 November 2007 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->


== Significantly Expanding This List ==
In a private letter, Jefferson bewailed his small number of progeny. On June 25, 1804, Jefferson wrote to Governor John Page on the occasion of his daughter Mary Jefferson Eppes' death. <ref>Randall, Henry 1858. The Life of Thomas Jefferson, III, 103. Cited in Cappon (ed) 1959, 1987, The Adams-Jefferson Letters, p265.</ref> "Having lost even the half of all I had, my evening prospects now hang on the slender thread of a single life [his daughter Martha Randolph]. Perhaps I may be destined to see even this last chord of parental affection broken!"
I currently don't have the time, but if anyone is interested, someone could significantly expand this list in a short period of time by going through the [[List of symphony orchestras]] article and finding the symphony halls through there to be added to this list. That article and the [[List of symphony orchestras in the United States]] article are both much more thorough than this list. This article should be brought up to a comparable level with those articles.
[[User:Bhludzin|Bhludzin]] 16:25, 13 May 2006


:Not sure how to post my comment, but noticed that Mexico is not included in the list of concert halls, and considering it probably has more halls and orchestras than any other country in Latin America (posted as South America here), it should be included in North America. In a list of symphony orchestras, I've just included several important Mexican orchestras that were omitted. Olaf Carrera, 5 May 2007
In another private letter to [[Secretary of the Navy]] [[Robert Smith (cabinet)|Robert Smith]] dated July 1, 1805, Jefferson denied all "charges" made against him, except for one, that he had attempted to seduce his married neighbor, Betsey Walker, saying the accusation was "the only one founded in truth among all their allegations against me." There is disagreement on whether this is a denial of the several charges the Walkers made, or of all charges the Federalists made, including the Hemings allegations.<ref>Gordon-Reed, Annette. ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy''. University of Virginia Press (April 1997). p.141 -147. ISBN 0813916984.</ref><ref name="genealogy_edu" />


::Indenting your comment with ''':''' (so that yours indents 1 space and mine now indents 2 spaces) will make it a bit more obvious, but thanks for it. Maybe you could compile a list for Mexico and add the halls? Or, if you have a problem with the format for adding them, pls let me know and I can help. Also pls sign your name with the 4 tildes, so it will appear like mine does [[User:Viva-Verdi|Viva-Verdi]] 16:06, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
Later, in 1816, Jefferson wrote to [[George Logan]] that to deny something publicly increases the attention given to it. "I should have fancied myself half guilty, had I condescended to put pen to paper in refutation of their falsehoods, or drawn them respect by any notice from myself."<ref name="coatesrefutation">{{cite news | title = Research Report on the Jefferson-Hemings Controversy | author = Coates, Eyler Robert | url = http://www.angelfire.com/va/TJTruth/rebuttal.html | accessdate = 2007-08-02 }}</ref>


== Extra info in footnotes ==
In 1826, Jefferson wrote to [[Henry Lee IV|Henry Lee]], "There is not a truth existing which I fear or would wish unknown to the whole world."<ref> The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Memorial Edition (Lipscomb and Bergh, editors), 20 Vols., Washington, D.C., 1903-04, Thomas Jefferson to Henry Lee, 1826. 16:179</ref><ref>[http://www.constitution.org/tj/jeff16.txt ''THE WRITINGS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON Definitive Edition'']</ref>


Thanks for the comment and for fixing that.
According to biographer [[Henry S. Randall]], Jefferson's daughter Martha, roused to indignation by [[Ireland|Irish]] poet [[Thomas Moore]]'s couplet linking her father with a slave, thrust the offending poem in front of him one day at Monticello. Jefferson's only response was a 'hearty, clear laugh.'"<ref name="monticelloreport"/>


I hadn't yet figured out how to do it, and just ploughed ahead with updating as many of the entries as possible where I could find information.
===Other claims===
An overseer at Monticello, Edmund Bacon, whose recollections were transcribed by Rev. Hamilton Wilcox Pierson in 1862 in the book ''The Private Life of Thomas Jefferson'', said that Sally Hemings' daughter, presumably Harriet, was not Jefferson's; however, Pierson censored the name of the father: "He freed one girl some years before he died, and there was a great deal of talk about it. She was nearly as white as anybody, and very beautiful. People said he freed her because she was his own daughter. She was not his daughter, she was —--'s daughter. I know that. I have seen him come out of her mother's room many a morning when I went up to Monticello very early."<ref>Pierson, Rev. Hamilton Wilcox. "Jefferson at Monticello: The Private Life of Thomas Jefferson." Manuscript of the recollections of Edmund Bacon, printed in James A. Bear, ed., ''Jefferson at Monticello''. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1967, p. 102.</ref> Skeptics of Bacon's testimony point out that Bacon's employment at Monticello commenced in 1806, five years after the birth of Harriet, and that he did not live at the "big house."<ref name="monticelloreport"/>


When completed, that is certainly a priority, as is re-ordering, etc. Sometimes the name of the concert hall turns out to be totally dofferent from the one actually on the list......
Two of Jefferson's grandchildren claimed the Hemings children had been fathered by either Samuel or Peter Carr, who had been raised at Monticello, and were the sons of Jefferson's sister Martha. One grandchild insisted all of the Hemings children were Samuel's; the other said they were Peter's. Grandson Jeff Randolph said that Sally Hemings's children were Peter's, and her sister Betsey Hemings's were Samuel's; according to biographer Henry S. Randall, he said the Carr brothers had confessed this to him. His sister Ellen Randolph Coolidge said that Hemings's children were Samuel's.<ref name="meyerresearch"/>


[[User:Vivaverdi|Vivaverdi]] 13:10, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
Ellen Randolph Coolidge wrote in a letter now at the [[University of Virginia]] archives of her grandfather:


== ''Concert'' halls ==
<blockquote>"His apartments had no private entrance not perfectly accessible and visible to all the household. No female domestic ever entered his chambers except at hours when he was known not to be there and none could have entered without being exposed to the public gaze."<ref>Ellen Randolph Coolidge's 1858 letter to Joseph Coolidge. ''Coolidge Letterbook''. University of Virginia Library.</ref></blockquote>
In what sense is the Sala Mare ("large hall") of the National Theatre Bucharest a "concert hall"? It's a normal (well, actually, a rather nice) theatre hall. As far as I know, it has rarely if ever been used for musical performance. The "George Enescu" Symphony Orchestra plays at the Atheneum (mentioned). Bucharest also has a Sala Radio (not mentioned, no article) which is occasionally used for concerts, especially chamber music; the [[Sala Palatului]] (not mentioned) is used for many things, including concerts (not usually classical concerts, but it's a big venue for popular music with specifically Romanian character); the Sala Polivalente (not mentioned, no article) is used similarly to the Sala Palatului, but the concerts there lean more toward rock, etc. All of these have, I would think, a better claim on being called concert halls than any hall of the National Theatre. - [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 06:31, 2 August 2006 (UTC)


:Frankly, I don't know anything about any of the halls in Romania. If you feel that it needs to be removed, please do so and replace as appropriate. If you can write an article (even a stub), that would be useful. [[User:Vivaverdi|Vivaverdi]] 13:39, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
Coolidge's recollection is factually incorrect. In 1802-3, when Coolidge was six years old and living elsewhere, two hidden entrances to Jefferson's suite were built: an underground passageway used primarily by slaves, and two "porticles" which were built to screen from public view two exterior entrances to Jefferson's study. Anyone using these entrances could not be viewed from the parlor, the sitting room, dining room, and both first floor entrances.<ref>National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 89, No. 3, September 2001, p. 206</ref>


==Adding concert halls==
Jefferson's daughter, Martha Jefferson Randolph, according to one of her children's recollection, as told to biographer Henry Randall, had said that "Mr. Jefferson and Sally Hemings could not have met — were far distant from each other — for fifteen months prior to the birth" of the child who most resembled Jefferson. No documentary evidence supports the assertion that either Jefferson or Hemings were absent from Monticello in the relevant period.<ref name=HemingsMont/>


'''New York City''': Weill Recital Hall and Zankel Hall, both part of [[Carnegie Hall]], should be added to the list. {{unsigned|72.89.116.95|17:18, 30 October 2006 (UTC)}}
Former slave [[Isaac Jefferson]] related in his memoirs that Jefferson's brother Randolph "was a mighty simple man: used to come out among black people, play the fiddle and dance half the night." This is often cited as evidence supporting paternity by Randolph. Isaac left Monticello in 1797, and his account most likely refers to events of the early 1780s when Randolph was a young man.


'''London''': I intended to add [[Cadogan Hall]] in Chelsea but found the list format too much to deal with. [[User:Athaenara|<span style="font-family: Edwardian Script ITC; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: .05em"> Athænara </span>]] [[User_talk:Athaenara|✉]] 04:58, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
===Arguments for and against Thomas Jefferson paternity===
:I added it. It wasn't so bad after all—just a little trepidation before a learning experience. [[User:Athaenara|<span style="font-family: Edwardian Script ITC; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: .05em"> –Æ. </span>]] 05:09, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
Arguments advanced in support of the paternity claims have included (1) Hemings's children were all conceived while Jefferson was present either in Paris or at Monticello, and none were conceived during his periods of absence; (2) statements made by Madison Hemings and by another former slave from Monticello who corroborated Madison's account; (3) claims that Hemings's children strongly resembled Jefferson physically; and (4) the fact that Hemings's children were either manumitted or allowed to slip away from Monticello by Jefferson's descendants.
::What about the Queen Elizabeth Hall or the Purcell Room in London, or the Miller Theater in NYC (at Columbia University, I think)? I will try to mess things up by adding them but it would be much better for someone who knows how to deal with the table formatting to do so! --[[User:Wspencer11|Wspencer11]] [[User talk:Wspencer11|(talk to me...)]] 19:50, 25 June 2007 (UTC)


'''Leicester''': [[De Montfort Hall]]. [[User:Rodparkes|Rodparkes]] 08:25, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
Counter-arguments to the above are (1) many times Jefferson was at Monticello and Hemings did not become pregnant, and when Jefferson was there, his male relatives were more likely to be there as well; (2) the strength of an oral tradition is not necessarily a gauge of its truth, and can be contradicted by other traditions and accounts; (3) the Hemings children could have been fathered by another member of Jefferson's family and thus would have resembled him without him actually being their father; and (4) a few other members of the Hemings family who were not Sally's children had been freed. In 1781, in ''[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]'', Jefferson had advocated freeing the children of slaves after they had learned a trade in order to sustain themselves as free persons. However, there is no record of him freeing anyone other than members of the Hemings family.<ref name=autogenerated4 />


'''Brighton''': [[Brighton Dome]]. This one will give the guidelines a real workout. Brighton is now the City of Brighton and Hove. "Brighton Dome" is actually the name of a complex including two halls besides the main Concert Hall, to which "The Dome" always referred when I lived there. [[User:Monomoit|Monomoit]] ([[User talk:Monomoit|talk]]) 01:01, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
==Academic debate==
Through most of the 19th and 20th centuries, biographers of Thomas Jefferson dismissed suggestions that he had fathered children with a slave, if they mentioned the issue at all. They generally called Callender's charges too politically motivated to be worth examining and derided Madison Hemings's published memoir as an attempt to puff up his status by claiming a famous father.


'''Wiesbaden''': is in Germany - table to be corrected (have trouble doing this myself...)[[User:rt60]] 11:00, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
In his monumental history of early American race relations, ''White Over Black'' (1968), Winthrop Jordan treated the Hemings-Jefferson link as plausible and worth consideration, noting that Jefferson was at Monticello every time Sally Hemings became pregnant. [[Fawn M. Brodie]]'s 1974 biography of Jefferson assembled additional evidence about the Hemings family and the timing of Hemings's pregnancies; but some critics strongly objected to Brodie's [[psychoanalytic]] approach to Jefferson.<ref name="meyerresearch"/> [[Dumas Malone]], Douglass Adair, [[Virginius Dabney]], and other authors produced rebuttals to Brodie's argument, pointing to the Jefferson family's statements about the Carr brothers. While fictional portrayals of the relationship such as the novels ''Sally Hemings'' by [[Barbara Chase-Riboud]] and ''Arc d'X'' by [[Steve Erickson]] and the [[Merchant-Ivory]] film ''Jefferson in Paris'' reached large audiences and persuaded many, most mainstream historians continued to assert that Jefferson was unlikely to have had a [[sexual relationship]] with any slave.


== External links? ==
In 1997, however, law professor Annette Gordon-Reed published an examination of the arguments and available evidence, ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy.'' She pointed out how most historians had used double standards to evaluate the evidence for and against the statement of Madison Hemings. For example, Hemings's statement about his father was labeled unreliable "[[oral history]]" while the tales passed down in the Jefferson family were treated as trustworthy even though they contradicted each other and the documentary record. Historians accepted statements about Sally's father being John Wayles based on little concrete evidence, but insisted on much more proof about Sally's children.


I don't think external links are appropriate or necessary within these tables (where would one stop?), so unless anyone objects I will remove them all.--[[User:Shantavira|Shantavira]] 14:30, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
Gordon-Reed did not argue that documentary records proved Madison Hemings's claim, only that authors had unfairly dismissed it. As to the Hemings children's paternity, she wrote, the answer might lie in developing more evidence through DNA analysis.


::I AGREE. Yes, if every one had it's own.... Take 'em out. [[User:Viva-Verdi|Viva-Verdi]] 06:04, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
==DNA testing==
{{main|Jefferson DNA data}}
The [[November 5]], [[1998]], issue of the [[Great Britain|British]] scientific journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]''<ref>{{cite journal|last = Foster | first = EA |coauthors = Jobling MA, Taylor PG, Donnelly P, de Knijff P,
Mieremet R, Zerjal T, Tyler-Smith C | year = 1998 | title = Jefferson fathered slave’s last child | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 396 | issue = 6706 | pages = 27–28 | pmid = 9817200 | doi = 10.1038/23835 | url = http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/Jeffersons.pdf}}</ref> contained a study on the available [[DNA]] evidence from a team led by Eugene A. Foster. The study compared the [[genetic genealogy|Y chromosomal haplotypes]] of four groups of men: descendants of Thomas Jefferson's grandfather; of Thomas Woodson; of Madison Hemings's brother Eston Hemings (who later took the name Eston Jefferson); and of [[John Carr]], grandfather of the Carr brothers.


== Russia? ==
In each case, the men had to be patrilineal descendants: sons of sons of sons. Only in those lines did the original Y chromosomes survive. As a result, no direct descendants of Thomas and Martha Jefferson could be included in the study, nor descendants of Madison Hemings. No patrilineal descendants in those lines could be identified.


I see nothing about Russia in this article..
The study's major findings were that the Y chromosome of the Jefferson family matched that of Eston Hemings's family, while the Y chromosomes of the Woodson and Carr families were each different. The implications for the paternity question were not conclusive about whether Jefferson was the father, but were more clear in the cases of the other families tested. The Jefferson grandchildren's contention that Sally Hemings's children had been fathered by one or the other Carr brother was not tenable unless the children had multiple fathers and the Carrs fathered the other children besides Eston, or if the Carrs in some way did not possess the same Y chromosome as their grandfather (possibly through illegitimacy) and had been somehow fathered by a Jefferson. The Woodson family's claim to have been descended from Jefferson was also disproven-- five Woodson descendants were tested to ensure accuracy. On the other hand, Eston Hemings was undoubtedly the son of "a" Jefferson.


-Guy <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/76.190.149.168|76.190.149.168]] ([[User talk:76.190.149.168|talk]]) 03:56, 28 October 2007 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
Of all the accounts of the Hemings children published before 1998, Madison Hemings's was the most prominent to appear consistent with the DNA tests. ''Nature'' therefore headlined the study "Jefferson fathered slave’s last child." The title of the article was described as "incorrect" by its authors.


==The Chamber==
It has been pointed out that although the DNA tests effectively ruled out the Carr brothers from paternity of Eston, and any Jefferson from fathering Thomas Woodson, it did not conclusively prove that Jefferson or any other member of his family was the father of all the Hemings children. Jefferson had a brother, Randolph, who had five sons. One possibility put forward in ''Nature'' later was that one of Jefferson's paternal line relatives such as his father or grandfather had fathered a child or children with slaves and that slave, or a descendant of that slave, became the father of Hemings's children. Dr. Foster agreed that none of these possibilities could be genetically ruled out, but a preponderance of historical evidence currently cites Jefferson as the father.<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v397/n6714/full/397032c0.html''Foster's letter of reply in the journal Nature'']</ref>
The link to the article about "The Chamber" talks about a book.


Also it appears that some of the links are to external sites and this is not indicated in the usual way.
===The Foundation and Commission reports===
[[User:Zygnoda|Zygnoda]] 07:28, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
Following the ''Nature'' article, the controversy continued to grow, and in 2000 and 2001 two major studies of the Jefferson-Hemings allegations were released. Both studies drew from a range of sources, including both scientific and historical, to arrive at their conclusions.


== Poland ==
====Thomas Jefferson Foundation report====
In January 2000, a group of specialists from the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, which owns and operates Monticello, published a study on the controversy initiated soon after the ''Nature'' paper. Their near-unanimous report<ref>[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/hemings_report.html '' Monticello Foundation Report'']. Monticello.org.</ref> stated that "although paternity cannot be established with absolute certainty, our evaluation of the best evidence available suggests the strong likelihood that Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings had a relationship over time that led to the birth of one, and perhaps all, of the known children of Sally Hemings."<ref>[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/reportstatement.html ''Statement on the TJF Research Committee Report on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings'']. Monticello.org.</ref>


Where is Poland???? [[Special:Contributions/83.9.64.194|83.9.64.194]] ([[User talk:83.9.64.194|talk]]) 17:10, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
The report also cited a probabilistic analysis published in the ''William & Mary Quarterly'' conducted by one of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation's committee members, Frasier Nieman, regarding the timing of Jefferson's visits to Monticello and Hemings's pregnancies which concluded that it was highly likely that the two series of events were related.


==Missing London & UK Concert Halls==
The committee noted that "Randolph Jefferson and his sons are not known to have been at Monticello at the time of Eston Hemings’s conception," and although it is possible two of Randolph's sons could have visited during the conception time period of Harriet and Eston, "convincing evidence does not exist for the hypothesis that another male Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings’s children."


The Monticello Foundation found no written evidence that the relationship began in Paris or of a deceased child born upon their return in 1790.


Duke's Hall (Royal Academy of Music in London) - [[http://www.ram.ac.uk/about/Venues+and+resources/Dukes+Hall.htm]]
====Criticisms of the Foundation's report====
One member of the committee, White Wallenborn, dissented, noting that "the historical evidence is not substantial enough to confirm nor for that matter to refute his paternity of any of the children of Sally Hemings." He asserted that the Committee "had already reached their conclusions" before they began looking at the evidence and that the chair of the committee did not show Wallenborn's dissent to the other members.<ref name="meyerresearch"/>


St Johns Smith Square (Superb Acoustics in a Magnificent Setting) - [[http://www.sjss.org.uk/]]
The Foundation's report has been criticized for not including enough evidence that contradicts the Jefferson-Hemings theory, and for not mentioning within the main report that one of its members dissented from its conclusions.<ref name="coatesrefutation"/> Concurrent work on an oral history project by committee members has been alleged as a conflict of interest, prejudicing the committee's valuation of oral history (although it did discount the Woodson family's oral history).<ref name="meyerresearch"/>


Kings Place (Recently Opened Venue in London) - [[http://www.kingsplace.co.uk/]]
It is alleged the committee did not weigh all oral history assertions fairly, specifically the competing claims of Israel Jefferson, the slave who corroborated Madison Hemings' account, versus Monticello slave overseer Edmund Bacon's assertions that Jefferson did not father Harriet and he knew who did.


Central Hall - Westminster - London - [[http://www.c-h-w.com/roomhire/greathall.shtml]]
Nieman's ''William & Mary Quarterly'' probabilistic analysis is questioned as assuming on scant evidence all of Hemings' children had the same father.<ref name="meyerresearch"/>


IndigoO2 (Greenwich, London) - [[http://www.theindigo2.co.uk/classicalseries/]]
====Scholars Commission report====
Later in 2000, the newly-formed Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society, whose stated purpose is to "further the honor and integrity of Thomas Jefferson," created a "Jefferson-Hemings Scholars Commission" composed of thirteen noted conservative scholars to examine the paternity question.<ref name="truth">Turner, Robert F. [http://www.tjheritage.org/scholars.html ''Scholars Commission'']. The Wall Street Journal Opinion Journal. 4 July 2001.</ref> On [[April 12]], [[2001]], they issued a report which concluded that "the Jefferson-Hemings allegation is by no means proven;" members' individual conclusions ranged from "serious skepticism about the charge" to "a conviction that it is almost certainly false."<ref>[http://www.tjheritage.org/documents/AmericanHeritage_2.pdf ''Doubts About Jefferson and Hemings''].</ref> The majority suggested the most likely alternative is that [[Randolph Jefferson]], Thomas's younger brother, was the father of Eston. Twenty-five possible male Jeffersons lived in Virginia at the time, and eight of those lived close to or at Monticello.<ref name="meyerresearch"/>


Some participants in the Scholar's Commission framed their participation in terms of a [[culture war]], characterizing positive speculation about the Hemings matter as an "assault" on Jefferson, and those who credit the Hemings story as adherents of [[political correctness]], [[multiculturalism]] and [[postmodernism]].<ref name="meyerresearch" /> Historian [[Robert Turner (historian)|Robert Turner]], who chaired the commission and was the sole author of the bulk of the report<ref>National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 89, No. 3, September 2001, p. 209</ref>, suggested that evidence for a sexual relationship between Jefferson and Hemings had been "rushed to press" because of the political climate surrounding the impeachment of [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>[http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=95000747 ''The Truth About Jefferson'']</ref> Other participants have said they were motivated by a concern with Jefferson's reputation.<ref>[http://www.bowdoin.edu/news/archives/1bowdoincampus/001050.shtml ''Yarbrough Discusses Report'']</ref>


Other London Concert Venues include Jerwood Hall part of the LSO (London Symphony Ochestra at St Lukes)[[http://lso.co.uk/lsostlukes]], Blackheath Halls used by Greenwich Trinity Music School [[http://www.tcm.ac.uk/RVE8c545086cdf2497cb8f11a1b8c3f5991,,.aspx]] and the Royal College of Music Concert Hall (not to be confused with the Royal Academy of Music) whose Concert Hall is currently being refurbished.[[http://www.rcm.ac.uk/Studying/Facilities+and+Resources/Concert+Hall]]
Dissenting from the majority opinion, Paul Rahe wrote that he considered "it somewhat more likely than not that Thomas Jefferson was the father of Eston Hemings,"<ref>http://www.tjheritage.org/documents/SCReport9.pdf</ref> and added "there is ... one thing that we do know, and it is damning enough. Despite the distaste he expressed for the propensity of slaveholders and their relatives to abuse their power, Jefferson either engaged in such abuse himself or tolerated it on the part of one or more members of his extended family."


Most British Contract Orchestras (full time paid orchestras) are members of the Association of British Orchestras (ABO) - [[http://www.abo.org.uk/orch_home.php]]
====Criticisms of the Scholars Commission report====


The Royal Opera House [[http://www.roh.org.uk/]], Coliseum [[http://www.operajaponica.org/essays/coliseum.htm]] and Sadlers Wells [[http://www.sadlerswells.com/show/Philharmonia-Orchestra]], Grand Theatre and Opera House Leeds (Opera North)[[http://www.operanorth.co.uk/]], Northern Ballet and Pheonix Theatre Leeds [[http://www.northernballettheatre.co.uk/]], Birmingham Hippodrome Theatre (Home of the Birmingham Royal Ballet [[http://www.brb.org.uk/]]) and the Theatre Royal Glasgow (Scottish Opera) [[http://www.scottishopera.org.uk/cms/]] are also notable Opera Houses and Ballets with their own Orchestras (A full list can be found on the ABO Website [[http://www.abo.org.uk/orch_home.php]])
Alexander Boulton, a historian writing in the William and Mary Quarterly, asserts that the scholars, unable to undermine the evidence against Jefferson, resorted to a "Plan B" in which "Past defenses of Jefferson having proven inadequate, the TJHS advocates have pieced together an alternative case that preserves the conclusions of earlier champions but introduces new "evidence" to support them. Randolph Jefferson, for example, had never seriously been considered as a possible partner of Sally Hemings until the DNA evidence indicated that a Jefferson was unquestionably the father of Eston." <ref name='wm'>[http://oieahc.wm.edu/wmq/Oct01/CoatesWoodsonStantonOct01.pdf ''The Monticello Mystery-Case Continued ''] </ref>


In late 2007, the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London was awarded planning permission to redevelop the redundant building at Milton Court. The new building, virtually over the road, will house additional world-class performance facilities: a 625-seat concert hall, 225-seat training theatre, a studio theatre, and space for teaching, office and support services. [[http://www.gsmd.ac.uk/school/introduction.html]]
Skeptics have noted that the Randolph Jefferson paternity theory had not been raised by Jefferson's grandchildren or anyone else in the 19th century. The first person to publicly link Randolph Jefferson to Sally Hemings was playwright Karyn Traut in 1988; her husband, [[biology|biologist]] Thomas Traut, became a member of the Scholars Commission.


Other missing UK Concert Halls include:
The ''[[National Genealogical Society]] Quarterly'' of September 2001 examined the controversy from the perspectives of several professionally accredited genealogists. Its articles were explicitly critical of the Scholars Commission report for failing to adhere to the standards of genealogical research, which the NGS authors characterized as more stringent than the legalistic paradigm adopted by the commission. Specifically, according to one article, the Scholars Commission's failings included: overreliance on derivative sources, biased assessment of data, distortion of evidence, deficient context, confounding the issue with irrelevant matters, and ignoring the weight of the body of evidence.<ref>National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 89, No. 3, September 2001, p. 214 - 218</ref> Genealogist Helen Leary concluded that "the chain of evidence securely fastens Sally Hemings's children to their father, Thomas Jefferson."<ref>National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 89, No. 3, September 2001, p. 207</ref>


Belfast Waterfront Hall (Home to the Ulster Orchestra) [[http://www.ulster-orchestra.org.uk/]] [[http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1159/1271571390_832c5170cb_b.jpg]]
In 2003, a team of genealogical researchers, after examining primary source documents including census, tax, land, and marriage records, as well as the letters of Jefferson and his contemporaries, concluded that Randolph Jefferson's sons were most likely too young to have fathered Sally's children, and that there was no evidence they were raised or educated at Monticello prior to 1813. They also concluded that Randolph Jefferson was an infrequent and reluctant visitor to Monticello.<ref name = "genealogy_edu">[http://www.genealogy.edu/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?id=3543 ''genealogy.edu'']Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings, A Look at Some Original Documents, Heritage Quest Magazine May/June 2003</ref>


Haden Freeman Concert Hall & Bruntwood Theatre (The Royal Northern College of Music) [[http://www.rncm.ac.uk/content/view/235/91/]]
===Reactions===
The Woodson family continues to press their case in the book ''A President in the Family.'' In this book, they argue that: (1) there was an erasure in Jefferson's farm book in the section on slaves born in 1790; (2) Thomas Jefferson's record of gifts in the years 1800 and 1801 indicates that gifts were given to a 'servant' named Thomas (Callender's "Tom" would have been 10 years old at the time of the gifts); (3) [[American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson|historian Joseph Ellis]]'s early entry into the reporting process was open to criticism because Dr. Foster (the DNA test organizer) had promised the DNA test participants that historians would not be involved with the test or the reporting, but lost control of the process.<ref>Woodson, Byron. ''A President in The Family''. Praeger, 2001. pp. 217,246, 222-229.</ref>


The Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama (currently planning a major new concert hall [[http://www.rwcmd.ac.uk/capital_development_project.aspx]]
The current consensus among American historians appears to have undergone a sea-change. Once, most scholars dismissed the idea that Jefferson fathered Hemings's children without examining the evidence closely. Now most historians agree that the story is more likely than not, again without necessarily having read the full record. Scholars remain open to more evidence, but it is unclear where it might be found.


Academy Concert Hall (Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama) [[http://www.rsamd.ac.uk/]]
Among the public, the question of Thomas Jefferson's and Sally Hemings's relationship remains controversial. Members of the [[Monticello Association]], who claim descent from Jefferson through his eldest daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph, have voted not to admit Hemings's descendants. Nevertheless, through the quirks of history and biology, only one set of Americans can show both that their ancestors were born at Monticello and that they share a Y chromosome with the Jefferson family: the patrilineal male descendants of Eston Hemings, Sally Hemings's youngest son.


Menuhin Hall, The Yehudi Menuhin School (Surrey, England) [[http://www.yehudimenuhinschool.co.uk/4_m_hall.asp]]
===Future testing===
Prospects have been raised of further DNA testing by possibly exhuming the body of William Hemings, Madison Hemings's son. Since only the paternal line of Eston was tested through DNA, further testing of William Hemings in comparison to the Jefferson and Carr DNA could reveal whether a Jefferson fathered more than one of Hemings's children or whether Jefferson's grandchildren were correct that the Carrs fathered some of the Hemings children. William Hemings is buried in [[Leavenworth National Cemetery]] in [[Leavenworth, Kansas]]. However, the childless William Hemings left no descendants authorized to permit his exhumation, and if it were possible, some family members are reluctant to permit the disturbance.<ref>[http://www.cjonline.com/stories/010400/new_ksgrave.shtml ''William Hennings'']Historian wants access to Kansas grave in probing link between Jefferson, slave</ref>


Constance Pilkington Hall (Purcell Music School - Hertfordshire) [[http://www.purcell-school.org/index.php?page=concerts&num=]]
==Descendants==


Wells Cathedral School [[http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/news/3-5m-boost-concert-hall-bid/article-383634-detail/article.html]] [[http://www.wellscathedralschool.org/wells/]]
Little is known of Sally Hemings's life; even less is known of her two children William Beverly and Harriet; however, a good deal more is known of the lives of her sons Madison and Eston, and of their descendants.


The Venue (Leeds College of Music) [[http://www.lcm.ac.uk/]]
Three of Hemings's children chose to [[Passing (racial identity)|pass]] as white.<ref>Kilian, Michael. [http://www.jessejacksonjr.org/query/creadpr.cgi?id=%22005024%22 ''The Hidden Side of Monticello'']. 10 February 2002. on JesseJacksonJr.org.</ref> Two of them managed to effectively disappear from the historical record; one of these, Harriet, was said by a Monticello overseer to be "nearly as white as anybody, and very beautiful" and married a white man after she left Monticello.<ref name="halliday" /> In 1961, Pearl M. Graham published research indicating she believed she had discovered and spoken with Harriet's descendants.<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/pss/2716715 ''Pearl Graham: Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings'']</ref> However, Fawn Brodie conjectured that these were actually the descendants of Sally's brother John Hemings.<ref>Brodie, Fawn. ''Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate Portrait''. W.W. Norton (1974). p.555</ref> Beverly also married a white woman of good circumstances, according to his brother Madison. Beverly's exit from history was as complete as Harriet's; the only post-slavery record of his activities is an enigmatic reference to him in former slave Isaac Jefferson's memoirs as launching a hot air balloon in [[Petersburg, Virginia]].


Whiteley Hall & the Baronial Hall ([[Chetham's School of Music]] - Manchester) [[http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/martinharriscentre/cosmo.php]]
Eston moved to [[Ohio]] where, according to census records, he lived as a "mulatto," then moved to Wisconsin, changed his name to "Eston H. Jefferson" and lived as a white man. [[Madison Hemings]], who also moved to Ohio, was the only child who did not choose to live as a white person.<ref>Gordon-Reed, Annette. ''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy''. University of Virginia Press (April 1997). p.148. ISBN 0813916984.</ref>


Sheffield City Hall [[http://www.sheffieldcityhall.co.uk/]]
Comparatively, a good deal is known about Madison's and Eston's families. Madison followed his brother Eston to Ohio. Both achieved some success in life, were respected by their contemporaries, and had children who repeated their success.<ref> [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/odd/archives/001068.asp ''Hemings in Wisconsin'']</ref> They worked as carpenters, and Madison had a small farm. Eston became a professional musician and bandleader, "a master of the violin, and an accomplished 'caller' of dances," who "always officiated at the 'swell' entertainments of Chillicothe," and was in demand all across southern Ohio. A neighbor described him as "Quiet, unobtrusive, polite and decidedly intelligent, he was soon very well and favorably known to all classes of our citizens, for his personal appearance and gentlemanly manners attracted everybody's attention to him."<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref name="autogenerated2" />


Colston Hall in Bristol [[http://www.colstonhall.org/boxoffice/whatson/thismonth]]
Sons of both Madison and Eston served in the [[American Civil War]]. Madison's son Thomas Eston Hemings spent time at the [[Andersonville National Historic Site|Andersonville POW camp]], and later died in a camp in Meridian, Mississippi. According to a Hemings descendant, his brother James attempted to cross Union lines and enlist in the Confederate army to rescue him.<ref>[http://www.bradyresearch.com/Mary%20Elizabeth%20Hemings%20Butler%20Lee%20Brady.htm''Mary Elizabeth Hemings Butler Lee Brady'']</ref> Later, James was rumored to have moved to Colorado; like others in the family, the rest of his biography remains unknown. <ref name = brodie />


Southampton Guildhall [[http://www.livenation.co.uk/southampton]]
Eston's son [[John Wayles Jefferson]] wrote frequently for newspapers and published letters about his war experiences. He was proprietor of a hotel in Madison, Wisconsin. Ultimately he became a wealthy cotton broker in Tennessee.<ref name = memory>Lewis, Jan. ''Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture''. University of Virginia Press (1999). p.169. </ref><ref name = "jwjeff">[http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/wlhba/articleView.asp?pg=1&id=4558 ''Letter from J. W. Jefferson'']</ref><ref name = brodie> [http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1976/6/1976_6_28.shtml ''THOMAS JEFFERSON’S UNKNOWN GRANDCHILDREN'']Fawn Brodie, American Heritage Magazine, October 1976</ref>


West Road Concert Hall (University of Cambridge) [[http://www.westroad.org/]]
Eston's son Beverly Jefferson was, according to his 1908 obituary, "a likeable character at the Wisconsin capital, and a familiar of statesmen for half a century". He had operated a hotel with his brother, then built a successful horse-drawn "omnibus" business.<ref>[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/ladr&CISOPTR=4&CISOSHOW=0 ''Beverly Jefferson Obituary'']</ref> His friend Augustus J. Munson wrote "Beverly Jefferson['s] death deserves more than a passing notice, as he was a grandson of Thomas Jefferson... [He] was one of God's noblemen - gentle, kind, courteous, charitable."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> His great-grandson, John Jefferson, was the Hemings descendant whose DNA test showed a relation to Thomas Jefferson's family.<ref> [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E3DA123FF932A35752C1A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print ''DNA Test Finds Evidence Of Jefferson Child by Slave'']</ref>


Cosmo Rodewald Concert Hall (University of Manchester) [[http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/martinharriscentre/cosmo.php]]
Some of Madison Hemings's children and grandchildren who remained in Ohio suffered from the limited opportunities for blacks at that time, working as laborers, servants or small farmers.<ref name=memory />
William Hemings, Madison's last known male-line descendant, died in 1910, unmarried, in a veteran's hospital. [[Frederick Madison Roberts]] (1879-1952) - Sally Hemings's great-grandson/Madison's grandson/Ellen Hemings's son - was the first person of known [[African American]] ancestry elected to public office on the West Coast: he served in the [[California State Assembly]] from 1919 to 1934.


Clothworker's Centenary Concert Hall and Great Hall (University of Leeds) [[http://www.leeds.ac.uk/music/concerts.htm]]
As of 2007 there are known male-line descendants of the youngest brother Eston Hemings, and female-line descendants of Madison Hemings's three daughters, Sarah, Harriet, and Ellen.<ref name="monticelloreport"/>


Victoria Rooms (University of Bristol) [[http://www.bristol.ac.uk/university/gallery/places/vic-rooms.html]]
Descendants of Thomas Woodson long claimed that he was the son of Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson. The claim that Woodson was descended from Jefferson was cast into doubt by DNA testing in 1998.


Turner Sims Concert Hall (University of Southampton) [[http://www.turnersims.co.uk/]]
==Films==
*''Sally Hemings: An American Scandal'' [http://imdb.com/title/tt0206951/], a [[CBS]] television [[miniseries]] (Air dates: 2/13/00 and 2/16/00; Writer: [[Tina Andrews]] [http://imdb.com/name/nm0028877/]; Director: [[Charles Haid]]; With [[Carmen Ejogo]] as Hemings)
*{{cite episode
| title = Jefferson's Blood
| url = http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/
| series = PBS Frontline documentary
| serieslink = PBS Frontline
| credits = [[Shelby Steele|Steele, Shelby]] (writer, narrator)
| network = [[PBS]]
| station = [[WGBH-TV|WGBH]], Boston
| airdate = 2000-05-03
}}


Great Hall Complex (Lancaster University) [[http://www.lancasterconcerts.co.uk/default.asp]]
==See also==
*[[Madison Hemings]]
*[[Eston Hemings]]
*[[John Hemings]]
*[[Mary Hemings]]
*[[John Wayles Jefferson]]
*[[Jefferson DNA data]]
*[[Isaac Jefferson]]
*[[Lewis Woodson]]


Civic Hall Stratford Upon Avon [[http://www.civichall.co.uk/]]
==Further reading==
*''Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy'': Annette Gordon-Reed (University Press of Virginia, 1997)
*''The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family'': Annette Gordon-Reed (W. W. Norton, 2008)
*''Jefferson Vindicated: Fallacies, Omissions, and Contradictions In the Hemings Genealogical Search'': Cynthia H. Burton (self-published, 2005)
*''A President in the Family: Thomas Jefferson, Sally Hemings, and Thomas Woodson'': Byron W. Woodson, Sr. (Praeger, 2001)
*''The Jefferson-Hemings Myth, An American Travesty'': Eyler Robert Coates, Sr. (Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society, 2001)
*"Anatomy of a Scandal, Thomas Jefferson and the Sally Story": Rebecca L. and James F. McMurry, Jr. (Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society, 2002) [http://www.angelfire.com/va/TJTruth] and [http://www.tjheritage.org]
*"Jefferson-Hemings Scholars Commission Report" (Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society, 2001) [http://www.angelfire.com/va/TJTruth]
*''Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History'': [[Fawn M. Brodie]] (W. W. Norton, 1974)
*Six-volume biography of Thomas Jefferson: [[Dumas Malone]] (Little, Brown, 1948-1981)
*''Jefferson's Children: The Story of One American Family'': Jane Feldman, Shannon Lanier (Random House, 2001)
*[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/hemings-jefferson_contro.html Monticello account of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings]
*[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/hemings_report.html Report of the Research Committee on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings]
*''The Slave Children of Thomas Jefferson'': [[Sam Sloan]] (Kiseido, 1992) ISBN 1-881373-02-9
*''Thomas Jefferson's Farm Book'': Thomas Jefferson (Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002) ISBN 1-882886-10-0
*''The Farm Book by Thomas Jefferson'' ISBN 0-923891-80-3
*''Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture'': Jan Lewis, Peter S. Onuf, editors (University Press of Virginia, 1999)
*[http://www.thomasjeffersonpapers.org/cfm/doc.cfm?id=farm_c2 Farm Book, 1774-1824, by Thomas Jefferson (electronic edition). Thomas Jefferson Papers: An Electronic Archive. Boston, Mass.: Massachusetts Historical Society, 2003.]


Hull City Hall (Home to Hull Philamonic Orchestra) [[http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/hullcityhall]] [[http://www.hullphilharmonic.org/]]
==Footnotes and citations==
{{reflist|2}}


Sir Jack Lyons Concert Hall (University of York) [[http://www.yorkconcerts.co.uk/]]
==External links==
*[http://monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/appendixh.html Sally Hemings and her children]
*[http://monticello.org/gettingword/index.html Getting Word Oral History Project]
*[http://monticello.org/plantation/hemingscontro/hemings_report.html Monticello Foundation Report]
*[http://woodson.org/default.shtml Woodson Family web site]
*[http://www.tjheritage.org/scholars.html Scholars Commission Report]
*[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=jefferson%20thomas;rgn=main;idno=abp5340.0001.001;didno=abp5340.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000001 The Private Life of Thomas Jefferson]
*[http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/gutenberg/etext00/clotl10a.txt Project Gutenberg Etext of Clotel; or, The President's Daughter]
*[http://www.rumormillnews.com/jefferson.htm Assault on a Founding Father]
*[http://www.lib.virginia.edu/small/collections/tj/hemingsbib2.html Bibliography of Hemings - Jefferson Sources]
*[http://www.booknotes.org/Program/?ProgramID=1503 Annette Gordon-Reed, on Booknotes]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRmWBrnPtto Annette Gordon-Reed, on Charlie Rose]
*[http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/odd/archives/001068.asp Hemings - Wisconsin links]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHzHurZjuh8 A&E biography Clip]
*[http://reason.tv/video/show/306.html Alan Pell Crawford, Twilight at Monticello video]


Butterworth Hall (University of Warwick Arts Centre) [[http://www.warwickartscentre.co.uk/butterworthhall/]]
{{Persondata}}
{{Lifetime|1773|1835|Hemings, Sally}}
[[Category:Hemings family]]
[[Category:People from Virginia]]
[[Category:American slaves]]
[[Category:People of mixed Black African-European ethnicity]]
[[Category:African Americans]]
[[Category:Jefferson family]]
[[Category:Multiracial affairs]]


Reid Concert Hall (University of Edinburgh)
[[de:Sally Hemings]]

[[eo:Sally Hemings]]
University Concert Hall (University of Glasgow)
[[fr:Sally Hemings]]

[[it:Sally Hemings]]
Younger Hall (University of St Andrews)
[[ja:サリー・ヘミングス]]

[[ru:Хемингс, Салли]]
Firth Hall (University of Sheffield)
[[sv:Sally Hemings]]

[[zh:莎麗·海明斯]]
King's Hall (University of Newcastle Upon Tyne) [[http://www.ncl.ac.uk/events/kings-hall/]]

Fraser Noble Hall (University of Leicester)

Great Hall and the Union Concert Hall (Imperial College London)

Great Hall (University of Reading), University Concert Hall (Cardiff University)

Great Hall (University of Exeter)

The Tippett Centre (Bath Spa University)

St Andrew's Hall Norwich

Snape Maltings Concert Hall, Suffolk [[http://www.architectureweek.org.uk/event.asp?EventURN=3673&Highlight=1]] (Home to the Aldeburgh Festival [[http://www.aldeburgh.co.uk/home.cfm?flash_detected=YES&mainframe_file=/home/index.cfm]] [[http://www.aldeburgh.co.uk/developmentplan/index.html]])

The Corn Exchange (Bedford)

The Corn Exchange (Cambridge)

The Corn Exchange (Kings Lynn - Norfolk)

Fairfield Halls (Croydon) [[http://www.rpo.co.uk/fairfield.php]]

Royal & Derngate (Northampton)

Milton Keynes Theatre (Home to Milton Keynes City Orchestra)

The Barber Institute (Edgbaston)

Elgar School of Music, Huntingdon Hall (Worcester),[[http://www.elgarschoolofmusic.co.uk/events.php]]

The Courtyard (Hereford)[[http://www.courtyard.org.uk/virtual/main.html]] [[http://www.3choirs.org/]]

Adrian Boult Hall (Birmingham)

Blackpool Winter Gardens (Empress Orchestra)

Cheltenham Town Hall

St Georges Hall Liverpool

The Lighthouse Poole Arts Centre (Home to Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra)

The Anvil Arts Centre Basingstoke

Dome Concert Hall, Brighton (Home to Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra)

Jacqueline du Pré Music Building (St Hilda's College, Oxford) [[http://www.st-hildas.ox.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=7&Itemid=12]]



Most major UK towns, cities and universities have their own dedicated orchestras and concert venues, many dating back to Victorian times and the big civic Guildhalls, Great Halls, City Halls and University Halls. Over the years these halls have been supplemented by a new generation of Arts Venues, and today there are an ambudance of concert halls of orchestral standard throughout the UK today.

http://www.julianlloydwebber.com/news.asp

Quite a few of the many British amateur or community orchestras are listed here - [[http://www.amateurorchestras.org.uk/]]

The wiki list of concert halls seems to be far from a comprehensive list, and some of these and other venues should be given due consideration with a view to being added to the article.

The fact that the American list of Concert Halls features University Concert Halls, Opera Houses and Covention centres makes the disparity about what is included and not included on national lists even greater.

(See Also Discussion Regarding Wiki List of Opera Houses (RE: UK))<span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.205.89.7|90.205.89.7]] ([[User talk:90.205.89.7|talk]]) 20:09, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== Kings Place - London ==

Kings Place (near Kings Cross) is London's New Arts and Concert Centre joining other such famous London Venues such as Cadogan Hall, Wigmore Hall, the Barbican Centre, the Royal Festival Hall (Southbank Centre), Royal Opera House, the Coliseum, the Royal Albert Hall, Duke's Hall (Royal Academy of Music), St Johns Smith Square, Central Hall Westminster etc etc.

First impressions are of a sleekly elegant glass office building. The beautifully detailed shallow curves of the triple glass wall on the street reflect the clouds.

The concert hall -- the first newly built venue in London since the Barbican opened in 1982 -- has acoustics by Arup Associates. It is a superb and elegant space, more beautiful than many of London's music venues.

Seating 420 people, its design reflects a period of international research by the designers who were influenced by the quality of small halls recently built in Tokyo.

Computer models of other venues such as the Wigmore Hall in London and the Musikverein in Vienna provided comparisons. The oak veneers all come from one 500-year-old German oak tree which has provided the hall with an immediate timelessness.

A rehearsal/ conference space (220 seats) will be used for performances ranging from Beethoven to Norwegian jazz and African music.

On the open-plan ground floor, the view through the building leads to Battlebridge Basin where there are waterside bars.

The Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment and the London Sinfonietta will be based at Kings Place with room for rehearsal space, offices and educational programs. [[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article4826584.ece]][[http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2008/aug/27/architecture.design?gusrc=rss&feed=artanddesign]][[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/09/27/bmkingsplace127.xml]] [[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=agtIp1u1pKNs&refer=home]]

<span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/90.205.89.7|90.205.89.7]] ([[User talk:90.205.89.7|talk]]) 20:09, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

Revision as of 21:51, 10 October 2008

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Proposed protocol for this "List of Concert Halls"

Since this is a list of HALLS rather than PACs or performance spaces, etc, I have revised much of this article based on the following criteria:

1. Name of Hall: Where the hall has an obvious name (named after a person, etc.), that name should be used, even if it is part of a larger PAC. e.g. Alice Tully Hall is part of Lincoln Center

Where the name of the hall is not English (e.g. Musikverein, it should appear in the original language with a translation if appropriate. e.g. Musikhuset Aarhus (Aarhus Concert Hall)

2. When to include PAC's name: As in the example above, BOTH the hall name and the PAC's name appear with separate Wiki links e.g. Alice Tully Hall, Lincoln Center

3. Name of Performing Arts Center where hall has a generic name (e.g. "Concert Hall"): In this case, where it is the PAC rather than the hall which is known, it should appear with the name of the PAC first followed by the generic name. e.g. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Concert Hall

I trust that everyone is in agreement with this as a means of presenting the infomration in a more logical way - given the title of the article. Vivaverdi 18:13, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Proposed Column Reorder
Now that we have broken out the centers and halls (which I think has worked out quite well - I'm sure that soon we'll have a PAC article listing all of the halls for each PAC), I have been confronted with the issue of ordering. I think that the halls are best known by the Center most of the time, so I was going to change the column order and place the Center first, ordering the list alphabetically by the Center, and then have the Hall as the second column. Many times the Hall name may just be "Concert Hall" anyway. Any objections or thoughts before I go ahead and make this change? Bhludzin 18:35, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
The problem with this approach is how someone will search for a concert hall. The Louise Davies Hall in San Francisco is part of the larger PAC with a different name. I've gone through and changed the name where appropriate to the correct PAC, rather than duplicate the Hall name and PAC in side-by-side columns. e.g. Royal Albert Hall is not part of a PAC, so it does not need anything in the PAC column.
If we reverse this, there will be an empty spaces. AS noted somewhere (below?), a separate List of PACs might be a better approach.
Vivaverdi 18:43, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
The problem is that I don't think that the hall name is what most people know. Who knows that the name of the symphony hall at the Kimmel Center is Verizon Hall? I think that most of the time, people know the Center or building before they know the Hall name. I think the Davies Hall is an exception - when I lived in San Francisco for 6 years, the whole building was always called the Davies Hall, and it was later that they named everything the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center. I propose that everything is ordered like it is in all of the other lists (e.g. List of symphony orchestras, List of rapid transit systems), geographically first. But then I feel that the columns should be the Center and then the Hall. Bhludzin 19:54, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
Agree on the idea of making this list conform to the examples of other lists. Right now, I'm trying to get as much accuracy as possible with the entries we have; then they can be re-ordered.
Agree with you on Davies Hall in SF: that name should appear first, but it is part of the SFWMPAC and is administered by them, a bit like Lincoln Center - a separate building among many other specialized ones rather than all auditoria under one roof.
Re: example like Kimmel. For all entries, we could do what I'd proposed up top a long time ago: i.e. when there is a generic "Concert Hall", put the name of the Center first, then "Concert Hall" as in Kennedy Center etc...
So "Verizon Hall" would appear as: "Kimmel Center, Verizon Hall". How would that look to everyone? "Lincoln Center, Alice Tully Hall"??
Vivaverdi 13:22, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
I like that so much better. (Sorry I took a while to respond - I burned out on this list for a while after so many edits...) I think that left-to-right the columns should be: country (when the region permits all to be in one list), state or province (when it is applicable, like the U.S.), then city, then PAC, then Hall/Building/Room. I think that it should be ordered that way as well - when I look at the list, I drill down geographically - you always know what country/city/state the hall is in, but you might not know the name. I think this way the list would be much more approachable. How do you feel about doing it like that?
Bhludzin 23:52, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Just getting to look at this again. Thanks for your comments. I don't have a problem with that approach, although my only reservation would be that the HALL needs to be somehow prominent, so maybe that could be achieved by having a shaded background to the Hall column even if it is a few cols. over from the left.

Now that we are ordered by country it looks a lot better than it did, so, for the US entries, ordering by city, then state (together as we have it now? not 2 cols I think) seems to be the proposal and that's fine by me.

Let's play with it and see how it looks. Vivaverdi 23:56, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

P.S. As a matter of simplicity, I think that we can remove the duplication as in the Hong Kong section. No need to repeat Hong Kong in the city column. It's already be done with Japan and others.... Vivaverdi 23:59, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
I did it (and it was a LOT of work). I reorganized all of the tables - I think that everything is much more readable and accessible now. It will now be easier to expand the list as well, because we can see the geographic areas where we have holes in the list, and can do searches for "concert hall" with particular countries or cities. The boldest move that I made was to change the "PAC" and "Concert Hall" columns to "Venue" and "Room" respectively. They are the only terms that fit the data. Many of the entries that were in the PAC column are not PACs, but are just the concert hall building itself, or are civic centers, universities, etc. So I thought that "Venue" fit better than PAC. And then within the venue there is a specific room - the use of the term "Concert Hall" for the Room column heading was very confusing since many of the venues have the words "Concert Hall" in the name of the venue (which was in the other column). Bhludzin 04:29, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
Excellent. I think this looks fine this way. Well done.... Vivaverdi 18:32, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Update on protocol

Suggestion: since this is a list where halls or PACs appear right after the location, I felt that, if one is listed as part of a university campus, the name of the university should appear AFTER the name of the hall or PAC (unless its offical name ins the "U of A Perf Arts Center").

I've made some changes to reflect this, and found that further discreet wiki links emerge e.g.: Arizona State University and Gammage Auditorium

Protocol revisions proposals- 25 November 2007

It would seem to me to make more sense having the name of the larger body appear first, then the smaller entities within it.
That seems to the way most of this is article is laid out anyway.
Therefore, it would be:
  • State
  • City
  • Name of complex (whether PAC or University or "host" body)
  • Name of "Room" within that body; if no host body, then just name of room and next col empty
  • Size
  • etc —Preceding unsigned comment added by Viva-Verdi (talk • contribs) 20:00, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Significantly Expanding This List

I currently don't have the time, but if anyone is interested, someone could significantly expand this list in a short period of time by going through the List of symphony orchestras article and finding the symphony halls through there to be added to this list. That article and the List of symphony orchestras in the United States article are both much more thorough than this list. This article should be brought up to a comparable level with those articles. Bhludzin 16:25, 13 May 2006

Not sure how to post my comment, but noticed that Mexico is not included in the list of concert halls, and considering it probably has more halls and orchestras than any other country in Latin America (posted as South America here), it should be included in North America. In a list of symphony orchestras, I've just included several important Mexican orchestras that were omitted. Olaf Carrera, 5 May 2007
Indenting your comment with : (so that yours indents 1 space and mine now indents 2 spaces) will make it a bit more obvious, but thanks for it. Maybe you could compile a list for Mexico and add the halls? Or, if you have a problem with the format for adding them, pls let me know and I can help. Also pls sign your name with the 4 tildes, so it will appear like mine does Viva-Verdi 16:06, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Extra info in footnotes

Thanks for the comment and for fixing that.

I hadn't yet figured out how to do it, and just ploughed ahead with updating as many of the entries as possible where I could find information.

When completed, that is certainly a priority, as is re-ordering, etc. Sometimes the name of the concert hall turns out to be totally dofferent from the one actually on the list......

Vivaverdi 13:10, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Concert halls

In what sense is the Sala Mare ("large hall") of the National Theatre Bucharest a "concert hall"? It's a normal (well, actually, a rather nice) theatre hall. As far as I know, it has rarely if ever been used for musical performance. The "George Enescu" Symphony Orchestra plays at the Atheneum (mentioned). Bucharest also has a Sala Radio (not mentioned, no article) which is occasionally used for concerts, especially chamber music; the Sala Palatului (not mentioned) is used for many things, including concerts (not usually classical concerts, but it's a big venue for popular music with specifically Romanian character); the Sala Polivalente (not mentioned, no article) is used similarly to the Sala Palatului, but the concerts there lean more toward rock, etc. All of these have, I would think, a better claim on being called concert halls than any hall of the National Theatre. - Jmabel | Talk 06:31, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Frankly, I don't know anything about any of the halls in Romania. If you feel that it needs to be removed, please do so and replace as appropriate. If you can write an article (even a stub), that would be useful. Vivaverdi 13:39, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Adding concert halls

New York City: Weill Recital Hall and Zankel Hall, both part of Carnegie Hall, should be added to the list. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.89.116.95 (talk • contribs) 17:18, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

London: I intended to add Cadogan Hall in Chelsea but found the list format too much to deal with. Athænara ✉ 04:58, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

I added it. It wasn't so bad after all—just a little trepidation before a learning experience. –Æ. 05:09, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
What about the Queen Elizabeth Hall or the Purcell Room in London, or the Miller Theater in NYC (at Columbia University, I think)? I will try to mess things up by adding them but it would be much better for someone who knows how to deal with the table formatting to do so! --Wspencer11 (talk to me...) 19:50, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Leicester: De Montfort Hall. Rodparkes 08:25, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Brighton: Brighton Dome. This one will give the guidelines a real workout. Brighton is now the City of Brighton and Hove. "Brighton Dome" is actually the name of a complex including two halls besides the main Concert Hall, to which "The Dome" always referred when I lived there. Monomoit (talk) 01:01, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Wiesbaden: is in Germany - table to be corrected (have trouble doing this myself...)User:rt60 11:00, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

External links?

I don't think external links are appropriate or necessary within these tables (where would one stop?), so unless anyone objects I will remove them all.--Shantavira 14:30, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

I AGREE. Yes, if every one had it's own.... Take 'em out. Viva-Verdi 06:04, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Russia?

I see nothing about Russia in this article..

-Guy —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.190.149.168 (talk) 03:56, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

The Chamber

The link to the article about "The Chamber" talks about a book.

Also it appears that some of the links are to external sites and this is not indicated in the usual way. Zygnoda 07:28, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Poland

Where is Poland???? 83.9.64.194 (talk) 17:10, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Missing London & UK Concert Halls

Duke's Hall (Royal Academy of Music in London) - [[1]]

St Johns Smith Square (Superb Acoustics in a Magnificent Setting) - [[2]]

Kings Place (Recently Opened Venue in London) - [[3]]

Central Hall - Westminster - London - [[4]]

IndigoO2 (Greenwich, London) - [[5]]


Other London Concert Venues include Jerwood Hall part of the LSO (London Symphony Ochestra at St Lukes)[[6]], Blackheath Halls used by Greenwich Trinity Music School [[7]] and the Royal College of Music Concert Hall (not to be confused with the Royal Academy of Music) whose Concert Hall is currently being refurbished.[[8]]

Most British Contract Orchestras (full time paid orchestras) are members of the Association of British Orchestras (ABO) - [[9]]

The Royal Opera House [[10]], Coliseum [[11]] and Sadlers Wells [[12]], Grand Theatre and Opera House Leeds (Opera North)[[13]], Northern Ballet and Pheonix Theatre Leeds [[14]], Birmingham Hippodrome Theatre (Home of the Birmingham Royal Ballet [[15]]) and the Theatre Royal Glasgow (Scottish Opera) [[16]] are also notable Opera Houses and Ballets with their own Orchestras (A full list can be found on the ABO Website [[17]])

In late 2007, the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London was awarded planning permission to redevelop the redundant building at Milton Court. The new building, virtually over the road, will house additional world-class performance facilities: a 625-seat concert hall, 225-seat training theatre, a studio theatre, and space for teaching, office and support services. [[18]]

Other missing UK Concert Halls include:

Belfast Waterfront Hall (Home to the Ulster Orchestra) [[19]] [[20]]

Haden Freeman Concert Hall & Bruntwood Theatre (The Royal Northern College of Music) [[21]]

The Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama (currently planning a major new concert hall [[22]]

Academy Concert Hall (Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama) [[23]]

Menuhin Hall, The Yehudi Menuhin School (Surrey, England) [[24]]

Constance Pilkington Hall (Purcell Music School - Hertfordshire) [[25]]

Wells Cathedral School [[26]] [[27]]

The Venue (Leeds College of Music) [[28]]

Whiteley Hall & the Baronial Hall (Chetham's School of Music - Manchester) [[29]]

Sheffield City Hall [[30]]

Colston Hall in Bristol [[31]]

Southampton Guildhall [[32]]

West Road Concert Hall (University of Cambridge) [[33]]

Cosmo Rodewald Concert Hall (University of Manchester) [[34]]

Clothworker's Centenary Concert Hall and Great Hall (University of Leeds) [[35]]

Victoria Rooms (University of Bristol) [[36]]

Turner Sims Concert Hall (University of Southampton) [[37]]

Great Hall Complex (Lancaster University) [[38]]

Civic Hall Stratford Upon Avon [[39]]

Hull City Hall (Home to Hull Philamonic Orchestra) [[40]] [[41]]

Sir Jack Lyons Concert Hall (University of York) [[42]]

Butterworth Hall (University of Warwick Arts Centre) [[43]]

Reid Concert Hall (University of Edinburgh)

University Concert Hall (University of Glasgow)

Younger Hall (University of St Andrews)

Firth Hall (University of Sheffield)

King's Hall (University of Newcastle Upon Tyne) [[44]]

Fraser Noble Hall (University of Leicester)

Great Hall and the Union Concert Hall (Imperial College London)

Great Hall (University of Reading), University Concert Hall (Cardiff University)

Great Hall (University of Exeter)

The Tippett Centre (Bath Spa University)

St Andrew's Hall Norwich

Snape Maltings Concert Hall, Suffolk [[45]] (Home to the Aldeburgh Festival [[46]] [[47]])

The Corn Exchange (Bedford)

The Corn Exchange (Cambridge)

The Corn Exchange (Kings Lynn - Norfolk)

Fairfield Halls (Croydon) [[48]]

Royal & Derngate (Northampton)

Milton Keynes Theatre (Home to Milton Keynes City Orchestra)

The Barber Institute (Edgbaston)

Elgar School of Music, Huntingdon Hall (Worcester),[[49]]

The Courtyard (Hereford)[[50]] [[51]]

Adrian Boult Hall (Birmingham)

Blackpool Winter Gardens (Empress Orchestra)

Cheltenham Town Hall

St Georges Hall Liverpool

The Lighthouse Poole Arts Centre (Home to Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra)

The Anvil Arts Centre Basingstoke

Dome Concert Hall, Brighton (Home to Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra)

Jacqueline du Pré Music Building (St Hilda's College, Oxford) [[52]]


Most major UK towns, cities and universities have their own dedicated orchestras and concert venues, many dating back to Victorian times and the big civic Guildhalls, Great Halls, City Halls and University Halls. Over the years these halls have been supplemented by a new generation of Arts Venues, and today there are an ambudance of concert halls of orchestral standard throughout the UK today.

http://www.julianlloydwebber.com/news.asp

Quite a few of the many British amateur or community orchestras are listed here - [[53]]

The wiki list of concert halls seems to be far from a comprehensive list, and some of these and other venues should be given due consideration with a view to being added to the article.

The fact that the American list of Concert Halls features University Concert Halls, Opera Houses and Covention centres makes the disparity about what is included and not included on national lists even greater.

(See Also Discussion Regarding Wiki List of Opera Houses (RE: UK))—Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.205.89.7 (talk) 20:09, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

Kings Place - London

Kings Place (near Kings Cross) is London's New Arts and Concert Centre joining other such famous London Venues such as Cadogan Hall, Wigmore Hall, the Barbican Centre, the Royal Festival Hall (Southbank Centre), Royal Opera House, the Coliseum, the Royal Albert Hall, Duke's Hall (Royal Academy of Music), St Johns Smith Square, Central Hall Westminster etc etc.

First impressions are of a sleekly elegant glass office building. The beautifully detailed shallow curves of the triple glass wall on the street reflect the clouds.

The concert hall -- the first newly built venue in London since the Barbican opened in 1982 -- has acoustics by Arup Associates. It is a superb and elegant space, more beautiful than many of London's music venues.

Seating 420 people, its design reflects a period of international research by the designers who were influenced by the quality of small halls recently built in Tokyo.

Computer models of other venues such as the Wigmore Hall in London and the Musikverein in Vienna provided comparisons. The oak veneers all come from one 500-year-old German oak tree which has provided the hall with an immediate timelessness.

A rehearsal/ conference space (220 seats) will be used for performances ranging from Beethoven to Norwegian jazz and African music.

On the open-plan ground floor, the view through the building leads to Battlebridge Basin where there are waterside bars.

The Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment and the London Sinfonietta will be based at Kings Place with room for rehearsal space, offices and educational programs. [[54]][[55]][[56]] [[57]]

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.205.89.7 (talk) 20:09, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

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