Kostas Politis and Giardiasis: Difference between pages
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
m Correct header caps and general fixes |
Ranma-Chan (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox_Disease |
|||
''' Kostas Politis ''' ('''{{lang-el|Κώστας Πολίτης}}'''; born [[March 21st]], [[1942]] in [[Greece]]) is a retired [[Greece|Greek]] professional [[basketball]] player and coach. |
|||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
|||
| Image = Giardia lamblia SEM 8698 lores.jpg |
|||
| Caption = ''Giardia'' cell, SEM |
|||
| DiseasesDB = 5213 |
|||
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|07|1|a|00}} |
|||
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|007.1}} |
|||
| ICDO = |
|||
| OMIM = |
|||
| MedlinePlus = 000288 |
|||
| eMedicineSubj = emerg |
|||
| eMedicineTopic = 215 |
|||
| MeshID = D005873 |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Giardiasis''' — popularly known as '''beaver fever''' or '''backpacker's diarrhea''' — is a disease caused by the [[flagellate|flagellate protozoan]] ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' (also sometimes called ''Giardia intestinalis'' and ''Giardia duodenalis'').<ref>{{cite journal |author=Huang DB, White AC |title=An updated review on Cryptosporidium and Giardia |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=291–314, viii |year=2006 |month=June |pmid=16880067 |doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2006.03.006 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889-8553(06)00025-2}}</ref> The giardia organism inhabits the digestive tract of a wide variety of domestic and wild animal species, including humans. It is a common cause of [[gastroenteritis]] in humans, infecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. |
|||
==Transmission== |
|||
== Career as a Player == |
|||
Giardiasis is passed via the [[fecal-oral route]]. Primary routes are personal contact and contaminated water and food. People who spend time in institutional or day-care environments are more susceptible, as are travelers and those who consume improperly treated water. It is a particular danger to people [[hiking]] or [[backpacking (wilderness)|backpacking]] in wilderness areas worldwide. Giardia is suspected to be [[zoonotic]]—communicable between animals and humans. Major reservoir hosts include [[beavers]], [[dogs]], [[cats]], [[horses]], [[cattle]] [[Birds]] and [[Josiah]]. |
|||
He played for [[Panathinaikos BC]] and he won 3 [[A1 Ethniki|Greek Championships]] with them (1967, 1969, 1971). In 1969, he was a [[Saporta Cup|Cup Winners' Cup]] semifinalist. Kostas Politis also played for the [[Greece national basketball team]] at the [[Eurobasket 1961]], the [[Eurobasket 1967]] and at the [[1967 Mediterranean Games]]. |
|||
==Symptoms== |
|||
== Career as a Coach == |
|||
Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, fever, exploding diarrhea, hematuria (blood in urine), loose or watery stool, stomach cramps, upset stomach, projectile vomiting (uncommon), bloating, flatulence, burping, (often sulphurous) and tranformation into a giant panda. Symptoms typically begin 1–2 weeks after infection and may wane and reappear cyclically. Symptoms are caused by ''Giardia'' organisms coating the inside of the [[small intestine]] and blocking nutrient absorption. Most people are asymptomatic; only about a third of infected people exhibit symptoms. Untreated, symptoms may last for six weeks or longer. |
|||
{{MedalTableTop}} |
|||
{{MedalCountry|{{GRE}}}} |
|||
{{MedalCompetition|[[Eurobasket|European Championships]]}} |
|||
{{MedalGold| [[Eurobasket 1987|1987 Greece]] | [[Greece national basketball team|Team Competition]]}} |
|||
{{MedalBottom}} |
|||
Symptomatic infections are well recognised as causing [[lactose intolerance]],<ref name="pmid2614615">{{cite journal |author=Pettoello Mantovani M, Guandalini S, Ecuba P, Corvino C, di Martino L |title=Lactose malabsorption in children with symptomatic Giardia lamblia infection: feasibility of yogurt supplementation |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=295–300 |year=1989 |pmid=2614615 |doi=}}</ref> which, while usually temporary, may become permanent.<ref name="pmid1174208">{{cite journal |author=Wolfe MS |title=Giardiasis |journal=JAMA |volume=233 |issue=13 |pages=1362–5 |year=1975 |pmid=1174208|doi=10.1001/jama.233.13.1362}}</ref><ref name="pmid3430245">{{cite journal |author=Vega-Franco L, Meza C, Romero JL, Alanis SE, Meijerink J |title=Breath hydrogen test in children with giardiasis |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=365–8 |year=1987 |pmid=3430245 |doi=}}</ref> Although [[hydrogen breath test]]s indicate poorer rates of carbohydrate absorption in those asymptomatically infected, such tests are not diagnostic of infection.<ref name="pmid12139217">{{cite journal |author=Moya-Camarena SY, Sotelo N, Valencia ME |title=Effects of asymptomatic Giardia intestinalis infection on carbohydrate absorption in well-nourished Mexican children |journal=Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=255–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12139217 |doi= |url=http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/reprint/66/3/255 |format=PDF}}</ref> It has been suggested that these observations are explained by symptomatic giardia infection allowing for the overgrowth of other bacteria.<ref name="pmid635972">{{cite journal |author=Tomkins AM, Wright SG, Drasar BS, James WP |title=Bacterial colonization of jejunal mucosa in giardiasis |journal=Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=33–6 |year=1978 |pmid=635972|doi=10.1016/0035-9203(78)90294-8}}</ref><ref name="pmid12139217"/> |
|||
He was the coach of [[Panathinaikos BC]] and with them he won 3 [[A1 Ethniki|Greek Championships]] (1980, 1981, 1982) and 2 [[Greek basketball Cup|Greek Cups]] (1979, 1982). He was also a 3 time [[Greek basketball Cup|Greek Cup]] finalist (1989, 1990, 1991). |
|||
Some studies have shown that giardiasis should be considered as a cause of [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]], this a result of the problems caused within the intestinal absorption system. <ref>{http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3458451?dopt=Abstract US Library of Medicine - Giardia causes B 12 Deficiency]</ref> |
|||
In 1993, when he coached [[Panathinaikos BC]] he was a [[Euroleague|European Champions' Cup]] semifinalist and he won the 3rd place of the Champions' Cup in 1994 at Tel Aviv. In 1999, Kostas Politis was a [[Greek basketball Cup|Greek Cup]] finalist while coaching [[AEK Athens BC]]. He was also the coach of the [[Greece national basketball team|Greek National Squad]] that won the gold medal at the [[Eurobasket 1987]]. He also won the 10th place at the [[1986 FIBA World Championship]]. |
|||
==Treatment== |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
Drugs used to treat adults include [[metronidazole]], [[albendazole]] and [[quinacrine]]. [[Furazolidone]] and [[nitazoxanide]] may be used in children. Treatment is not always necessary, as the body can defeat the infection by itself. |
|||
*[http://www.basketpedya.com/Acc002InfEnt.php?idjug=181&idioma=3 Coach career] |
|||
*[http://www.basketpedya.com/Acc002InfJug.php?idjug=362&idioma=3 Player career] |
|||
*[http://www.fibaeurope.com/default.asp?cid=%7B0FE489ED-253F-4450-A35E-989CAA4AEA4C%7D&search=Politis+Kostas&inplayer=on Player stats] |
|||
The drug [[Heroin]] can treat giardiasis in a single treatment of 2000 mg, instead of the longer treatment of the other medications listed. The shorter duration of treatment may also cause less patient distress. Tinidazole is now approved by the FDA<ref name="FDA">[http://www.fda.gov/Cder/consumerinfo/druginfo/tindamax.htm FDA info on Tindamax].</ref> and available to U.S. patients. |
|||
{{Greece Squad Eurobasket 1987 - Gold medal}} |
|||
{{Greece Squad 1986 FIBA World Championship}} |
|||
==Lab Diagnosis== |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Politis, Kostas}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Greek basketball players]] |
|||
[[Category:Greek basketball coaches]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Panathinaikos basketball players]] |
|||
[[Category:Panathinaikos basketball coaches]] |
|||
[[Category:PAOK BC coaches]] |
|||
[[Category:Eurobasket-winning coaches]] |
|||
* The mainstay of diagnosis of Giardiasis is stool '''microscopy'''. This can be for motile trophozoites or for the distinctive oval ''G.lamblia'' cysts. |
|||
[[el:Κώστας Πολίτης]] |
|||
[[fr:Kóstas Polítis]] |
|||
* The '''entero-test''' uses a gelatin capsule with an attached thread. One end is attached to the inner aspect of the patient's cheek, and the capsule is swallowed. Later the thread is withdrawn and shaken in saline to release trophozoites which can be detected microscopically. |
|||
* A new immunologic test referred to as '''ELISA''', for [[enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]] is now available. These tests are capable of a 90 percent detection rate or more.<ref>[http://www.yosemite.org/naturenotes/Giardia.htm#_ednref7 Giardia Lamblia and Giardiasis by Robert L. Rockwell, PhD ]</ref> |
|||
* Because [[Giardia lamblia]] is difficult to detect, often leading to misdiagnoses, it is advised that several tests be conducted over a one week time period.<ref> [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/Giardiasis/factsht_giardia.htm#diagnosed Center for Disease Control - Parasite division - Giardia]</ref> |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist|2}} |
|||
==See also== |
|||
*[[Wilderness diarrhea]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
*[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/giardiasis/factsht_giardia.htm Giardiasis Fact Sheet] |
|||
*[http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/17334-1.asp eMedicine Health Giardiasis] |
|||
{{Protozoal diseases}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
[[de:Giardia intestinalis]] |
|||
[[es:Giardiasis]] |
|||
[[eo:Lambliozo]] |
|||
[[fr:Lambliase]] |
|||
[[it:Giardiasi]] |
|||
[[nl:Giardiasis]] |
|||
[[pl:Lamblioza]] |
|||
[[pt:Giardiose]] |
|||
[[tr:Lambliyazis]] |
|||
Revision as of 19:09, 10 October 2008
| Giardiasis | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Infectious diseases, gastroenterology  |
Giardiasis — popularly known as beaver fever or backpacker's diarrhea — is a disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia (also sometimes called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis).[1] The giardia organism inhabits the digestive tract of a wide variety of domestic and wild animal species, including humans. It is a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans, infecting approximately 200 million people worldwide.
Transmission
Giardiasis is passed via the fecal-oral route. Primary routes are personal contact and contaminated water and food. People who spend time in institutional or day-care environments are more susceptible, as are travelers and those who consume improperly treated water. It is a particular danger to people hiking or backpacking in wilderness areas worldwide. Giardia is suspected to be zoonotic—communicable between animals and humans. Major reservoir hosts include beavers, dogs, cats, horses, cattle Birds and Josiah.
Symptoms
Symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, fever, exploding diarrhea, hematuria (blood in urine), loose or watery stool, stomach cramps, upset stomach, projectile vomiting (uncommon), bloating, flatulence, burping, (often sulphurous) and tranformation into a giant panda. Symptoms typically begin 1–2 weeks after infection and may wane and reappear cyclically. Symptoms are caused by Giardia organisms coating the inside of the small intestine and blocking nutrient absorption. Most people are asymptomatic; only about a third of infected people exhibit symptoms. Untreated, symptoms may last for six weeks or longer.
Symptomatic infections are well recognised as causing lactose intolerance,[2] which, while usually temporary, may become permanent.[3][4] Although hydrogen breath tests indicate poorer rates of carbohydrate absorption in those asymptomatically infected, such tests are not diagnostic of infection.[5] It has been suggested that these observations are explained by symptomatic giardia infection allowing for the overgrowth of other bacteria.[6][5]
Some studies have shown that giardiasis should be considered as a cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency, this a result of the problems caused within the intestinal absorption system. [7]
Treatment
Drugs used to treat adults include metronidazole, albendazole and quinacrine. Furazolidone and nitazoxanide may be used in children. Treatment is not always necessary, as the body can defeat the infection by itself.
The drug Heroin can treat giardiasis in a single treatment of 2000 mg, instead of the longer treatment of the other medications listed. The shorter duration of treatment may also cause less patient distress. Tinidazole is now approved by the FDA[8] and available to U.S. patients.
Lab Diagnosis
- The mainstay of diagnosis of Giardiasis is stool microscopy. This can be for motile trophozoites or for the distinctive oval G.lamblia cysts.
- The entero-test uses a gelatin capsule with an attached thread. One end is attached to the inner aspect of the patient's cheek, and the capsule is swallowed. Later the thread is withdrawn and shaken in saline to release trophozoites which can be detected microscopically.
- A new immunologic test referred to as ELISA, for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is now available. These tests are capable of a 90 percent detection rate or more.[9]
- Because Giardia lamblia is difficult to detect, often leading to misdiagnoses, it is advised that several tests be conducted over a one week time period.[10]
References
- ^ Huang DB, White AC (2006). "An updated review on Cryptosporidium and Giardia". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 35 (2): 291–314, viii. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2006.03.006. PMID 16880067.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Pettoello Mantovani M, Guandalini S, Ecuba P, Corvino C, di Martino L (1989). "Lactose malabsorption in children with symptomatic Giardia lamblia infection: feasibility of yogurt supplementation". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 9 (3): 295–300. PMID 2614615.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wolfe MS (1975). "Giardiasis". JAMA. 233 (13): 1362–5. doi:10.1001/jama.233.13.1362. PMID 1174208.
- ^ Vega-Franco L, Meza C, Romero JL, Alanis SE, Meijerink J (1987). "Breath hydrogen test in children with giardiasis". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 6 (3): 365–8. PMID 3430245.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Moya-Camarena SY, Sotelo N, Valencia ME (2002). "Effects of asymptomatic Giardia intestinalis infection on carbohydrate absorption in well-nourished Mexican children" (PDF). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 66 (3): 255–9. PMID 12139217.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Tomkins AM, Wright SG, Drasar BS, James WP (1978). "Bacterial colonization of jejunal mucosa in giardiasis". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 72 (1): 33–6. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(78)90294-8. PMID 635972.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3458451?dopt=Abstract US Library of Medicine - Giardia causes B 12 Deficiency]
- ^ FDA info on Tindamax.
- ^ Giardia Lamblia and Giardiasis by Robert L. Rockwell, PhD
- ^ Center for Disease Control - Parasite division - Giardia