Tālava: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox country |
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|native_name = Tālava |
| native_name = {{native name|ltg|Tuolova}}<br/>{{native name|lv|Tālava}} |
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|conventional_long_name = Eldership of Tālava |
| conventional_long_name = Eldership of Tālava |
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|common_name = Tālava |
| common_name = Tālava |
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|continent = Europe |
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|region = Latvia |
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| p1 = |
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| flag_p1 = |
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|p1 = |
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| flag_s1 = Rigasiebmacher new.png |
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|flag_p1= |
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| border_s2 = no |
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|flag_s1= Archbishopric of Riga.svg |
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| border_s1 = no |
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|flag_s2= |
| flag_s2 = Zakon Kawaler%C3%B3w Mieczowych COA.svg |
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|image_flag = |
| image_flag = |
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|image_coat = |
| image_coat = |
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|image_map =Talava.tif |
| image_map = Talava.tif |
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|image_map_caption = Tālava and its border speculations in 12-13th centuries. |
| image_map_caption = Tālava and its border speculations in 12-13th centuries. |
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|religion= [[Latgalians|Latgalian paganism]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] |
| religion = [[Latgalians|Latgalian paganism]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]] |
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|capital = [[Beverīna municipality|Beverīna]] |
| capital = [[Beverīna municipality|Beverīna]] |
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|stat_area1 = |
| stat_area1 = |
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|stat_pop1 = |
| stat_pop1 = |
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|stat_year1 = |
| stat_year1 = |
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|stat_area2 = |
| stat_area2 = |
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|stat_pop2 = |
| stat_pop2 = |
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|stat_year2 = |
| stat_year2 = |
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|government_type = [[Eldership]] |
| government_type = [[Elder (administrative title)|Eldership]] |
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|title_leader= [[Elder (administrative title)|Elder]] |
| title_leader = [[Elder (administrative title)|Elder]] |
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|leader1 = [[Tālivaldis]] |
| leader1 = [[Tālivaldis]] |
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|year_leader1 = |
| year_leader1 = |
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|leader2 = |
| leader2 = |
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|year_leader2 = |
| year_leader2 = |
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|common_languages= |
| common_languages = [[Latgalian language|Latgalian]] |
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|currency = |
| currency = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Tālava''' was a [[Latgalians|Latgalian]] |
'''Tālava''' ({{lang-ltg|Tuolova}}; {{lang-la|Tholowa}})<ref>{{cite book |last1=Birnbaum |first1=Henrik |last2=Puhvel |first2=Jaan |title=Ancient Indo-European Dialects: Proceedings of the Conference on Indo-European Linguistics Held at the University of California, Los Angeles April 25–27, 1963 |date=10 November 2023 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-31241-8 |page=144 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ancient_Indo_European_Dialects/uqXeEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> was a [[Latgalians|Latgalian]] country in the northern [[Vidzeme]] and northern [[Latgale]] region of modern-day [[Latvia]]. It was bordered by the Latgalian Principality of [[Jersika]] to the south, the [[Livonia]]n counties of [[Metsepole]] and [[Idumeja]] to the west, the [[Estonia]]n counties of [[Sakala County|Sakala]] and [[Ugandi]] to the north and the Russian [[Novgorod Republic]] to the east. |
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Tālava was first mentioned in the [[Chronicle of Henry |
Tālava was first mentioned in the ''[[Livonian Chronicle of Henry]]'' in 1207 as the Christian County of ''Tholowa''.<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/023112/0231128886.HTM The "Chronicle of Henry of Livonia" translated and edited by James A. Brundage, Columbia University, 1961; revised 2003; 288 pages] {{ISBN|0-231-12888-6}}</ref> Russian chronicles refer to the county of ''Atzele'' ({{lang-ru|Очела|Ochela}}), first mentioned in 1111, which was probably the eastern part of Tālava. The county existed from the 10th century until 1224 when it was divided between [[Bishopric of Riga]] and the [[Brothers of the Sword]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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After [[Mstislav Rostislavich]] " |
After [[Mstislav Rostislavich]] "the Brave", the [[prince of Novgorod]], rode against the [[Chud]] during the winter of 1179-1180, Tālava was forced to pay tribute to [[Novgorod Republic|Novgorod]]. The leader of Tālava, [[Tālivaldis]] and his sons were baptized in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] faith. |
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In 1208 Tālivaldis, together with the Latgalian leaders [[Rūsiņš]] of [[Satekle]] and [[Varidots]] of [[Autine]], established a military alliance with the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]]. The Sword Brothers promised their help against the Novgorodians. In the same year the Tālavians invited their northern enemies, presumably [[Ugandians]] (or Ugaunians), for peace talks which however ended |
In 1208, Tālivaldis, together with the Latgalian leaders [[Rūsiņš]] of [[Satekle]] and [[Varidots]] of [[Autine]], established a military alliance with the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]]. The Sword Brothers promised their help against the Novgorodians. In the same year, the Tālavians invited their northern enemies, presumably [[Ugandians]] (or Ugaunians), for peace talks which however ended unsuccessfully. The Tālavians together with the Sword Brothers then fought a four years war with the Estonian tribes, concluded by a peace treaty in [[Turaida]] in 1212. |
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In 1214 two sons of Tālivaldis, Rameks and Varibuls signed a new treaty with Bishop [[Albert of Riga]], giving the northern part of Talava to the [[Bishopric of Riga]]. They converted from Eastern Orthodoxy to [[Catholicism|Roman Catholicism]] and became vassals of the bishop. In 1215 the Tālavians together with the bishop's forces continued their war against the Estonians. In response the Estonians raided Tālava and captured Tālivaldis in [[Trikāta parish|Trikāta]], and later burnt him to death. After the death of Tālivaldis the war continued. His sons took revenge and plundered the Estonian lands, burning alive all Ugandian men they could catch. |
In 1214, two sons of Tālivaldis, Rameks and Varibuls signed a new treaty with Bishop [[Albert of Riga]], giving the northern part of Talava to the [[Bishopric of Riga]]. They converted from Eastern Orthodoxy to [[Catholicism|Roman Catholicism]] and became vassals of the bishop. In 1215 the Tālavians together with the bishop's forces continued their war against the Estonians. In response, the Estonians raided Tālava and captured Tālivaldis in [[Trikāta parish|Trikāta]], and later burnt him to death. After the death of Tālivaldis, the war continued. His sons took revenge and plundered the Estonian lands, burning alive all Ugandian men they could catch. |
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In the winter of 1216 Tālava was in turn invaded by Novgorodian troops from [[Pskov]]. |
In the winter of 1216, Tālava was in turn invaded by Novgorodian troops from [[Pskov]]. |
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After the capture of [[Tartu]] and the Christianisation of the Ugandians in 1224 Tālava was divided between the Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword, the bishop receiving |
After the capture of [[Tartu]] and the Christianisation of the Ugandians in 1224, Tālava was divided between the Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword, the bishop receiving two-thirds and the Sword Brothers one-third of Tālava. Tālava thus became part of [[Terra Mariana]].<ref>Švābe, A. Tālava. Sējējs. 1936. 2, 135.-141.lpp.; 4, 363.-374.lpp.</ref> |
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==Legacy== |
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A Latvian choir under the name ''Tālava'' ({{lang-ru|Талава}}) was established by members of the [[Latvians in Russia|Latvian diaspora in Moscow]] in 1993.<ref>[https://www2.mfa.gov.lv/ru/moscow/novosti/69849-30 30-летие хора Московского общества латышской культуры “Талава"] [30th anniversary of Tālava, the choir of the Moscow Latvian Culture Society] - [[Embassy of Latvia, Moscow|Latvian Embassy in Russia]], official website, Embassy of Latvia, Moscow</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{coord|57|30|N|25|27|E|region:LV|display=title}} |
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{{coord missing|Latvia}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Talava}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Talava}} |
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[[Category:1224 disestablishments]] |
[[Category:1224 disestablishments]] |
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[[Category:Historical regions in Latvia]] |
[[Category:Historical regions in Latvia]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:51, 19 April 2024
Eldership of Tālava | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| before 1180–1224 | |||||||||
 Tālava and its border speculations in 12-13th centuries. | |||||||||
| Capital | Beverīna | ||||||||
| Common languages | Latgalian | ||||||||
| Religion | Latgalian paganism, Eastern Orthodoxy | ||||||||
| Government | Eldership | ||||||||
| Elder | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | before 1180 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1224 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Tālava (Latgalian: Tuolova; Latin: Tholowa)[1] was a Latgalian country in the northern Vidzeme and northern Latgale region of modern-day Latvia. It was bordered by the Latgalian Principality of Jersika to the south, the Livonian counties of Metsepole and Idumeja to the west, the Estonian counties of Sakala and Ugandi to the north and the Russian Novgorod Republic to the east.
Tālava was first mentioned in the Livonian Chronicle of Henry in 1207 as the Christian County of Tholowa.[2] Russian chronicles refer to the county of Atzele (Russian: Очела, romanized: Ochela), first mentioned in 1111, which was probably the eastern part of Tālava. The county existed from the 10th century until 1224 when it was divided between Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword.
History[edit]
After Mstislav Rostislavich "the Brave", the prince of Novgorod, rode against the Chud during the winter of 1179-1180, Tālava was forced to pay tribute to Novgorod. The leader of Tālava, Tālivaldis and his sons were baptized in the Eastern Orthodox faith.
In 1208, Tālivaldis, together with the Latgalian leaders Rūsiņš of Satekle and Varidots of Autine, established a military alliance with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The Sword Brothers promised their help against the Novgorodians. In the same year, the Tālavians invited their northern enemies, presumably Ugandians (or Ugaunians), for peace talks which however ended unsuccessfully. The Tālavians together with the Sword Brothers then fought a four years war with the Estonian tribes, concluded by a peace treaty in Turaida in 1212.
In 1214, two sons of Tālivaldis, Rameks and Varibuls signed a new treaty with Bishop Albert of Riga, giving the northern part of Talava to the Bishopric of Riga. They converted from Eastern Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism and became vassals of the bishop. In 1215 the Tālavians together with the bishop's forces continued their war against the Estonians. In response, the Estonians raided Tālava and captured Tālivaldis in Trikāta, and later burnt him to death. After the death of Tālivaldis, the war continued. His sons took revenge and plundered the Estonian lands, burning alive all Ugandian men they could catch.
In the winter of 1216, Tālava was in turn invaded by Novgorodian troops from Pskov.
After the capture of Tartu and the Christianisation of the Ugandians in 1224, Tālava was divided between the Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword, the bishop receiving two-thirds and the Sword Brothers one-third of Tālava. Tālava thus became part of Terra Mariana.[3]
Legacy[edit]
A Latvian choir under the name Tālava (Russian: Талава) was established by members of the Latvian diaspora in Moscow in 1993.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ Birnbaum, Henrik; Puhvel, Jaan (10 November 2023). Ancient Indo-European Dialects: Proceedings of the Conference on Indo-European Linguistics Held at the University of California, Los Angeles April 25–27, 1963. Univ of California Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-520-31241-8.
- ^ The "Chronicle of Henry of Livonia" translated and edited by James A. Brundage, Columbia University, 1961; revised 2003; 288 pages ISBN 0-231-12888-6
- ^ Švābe, A. Tālava. Sējējs. 1936. 2, 135.-141.lpp.; 4, 363.-374.lpp.
- ^ 30-летие хора Московского общества латышской культуры “Талава" [30th anniversary of Tālava, the choir of the Moscow Latvian Culture Society] - Latvian Embassy in Russia, official website, Embassy of Latvia, Moscow