Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique: Difference between revisions
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After studying science and law at the Geneva Academy, de Candolle began his formal botanical career when upon the recommendation of [[René Louiche Desfontaines|Renè Loiche Desfontaines]], de Candolle began work at [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|Charles Louis L’Hèritier de Brutelle]]’s herbarium in the summer of 1798.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gray |first=Asa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32779 |title=Scientific papers of Asa Gray, selected by Charles Sprague Sargent. |last2=Sargent |first2=Charles Sprague |date=1889 |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin, |location=Boston,}}</ref> After establishing his first discovered genus, ''[[Senebiera]]'', in 1799, de Candolle published his first books, ''Plantarum Historia Succulentarum'' in 1799 and ''Astragalogia'' in 1802. In 1805, [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Jean-Baptiste Lamark]] put de Candolle in charge of the publication of the third edition of Lamark’s ''Flore Française'' and writing the introduction of ''Principes Élémentaire de Botanique.''<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Chisholm, Hugh, (22 Feb. 1866–29 Sept. 1924), Editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica (10th, 11th and 12th editions) |date=2007-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u194658 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2023-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/673607362 |title=Beyond cladistics : the branching of a paradigm |date=2010 |publisher=University of California Press |others=David M. Williams, Sandra Knapp |isbn=978-0-520-94799-3 |location=Berkeley |oclc=673607362}}</ref> In this introduction, de Candolle proposed a discrete model of classifying plant taxa that was opposed to the linear model of [[Carl Linnaeus|Carl Linneaus]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Linnaeus |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=ucmp.berkeley.edu}}</ref> |
After studying science and law at the Geneva Academy, de Candolle began his formal botanical career when upon the recommendation of [[René Louiche Desfontaines|Renè Loiche Desfontaines]], de Candolle began work at [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|Charles Louis L’Hèritier de Brutelle]]’s herbarium in the summer of 1798.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gray |first=Asa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32779 |title=Scientific papers of Asa Gray, selected by Charles Sprague Sargent. |last2=Sargent |first2=Charles Sprague |date=1889 |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin, |location=Boston,}}</ref> After establishing his first discovered genus, ''[[Senebiera]]'', in 1799, de Candolle published his first books, ''Plantarum Historia Succulentarum'' in 1799 and ''Astragalogia'' in 1802. In 1805, [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Jean-Baptiste Lamark]] put de Candolle in charge of the publication of the third edition of Lamark’s ''Flore Française'' and writing the introduction of ''Principes Élémentaire de Botanique.''<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Chisholm, Hugh, (22 Feb. 1866–29 Sept. 1924), Editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica (10th, 11th and 12th editions) |date=2007-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u194658 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2023-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/673607362 |title=Beyond cladistics : the branching of a paradigm |date=2010 |publisher=University of California Press |others=David M. Williams, Sandra Knapp |isbn=978-0-520-94799-3 |location=Berkeley |oclc=673607362}}</ref> In this introduction, de Candolle proposed a discrete model of classifying plant taxa that was opposed to the linear model of [[Carl Linnaeus|Carl Linneaus]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Linnaeus |url=https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=ucmp.berkeley.edu}}</ref> |
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After being appointed as a professor of botany at the [[University of Montpellier]] in 1807 and becoming the first chair of botany in the medical faculty of a professor, de Candolle published the book ''Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique'' in 1813, which was later reissued in 1819.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=P. F. |date=2004-10-01 |title=Book Review |
After being appointed as a professor of botany at the [[University of Montpellier]] in 1807 and becoming the first chair of botany in the medical faculty of a professor, de Candolle published the book ''Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique'' in 1813, which was later reissued in 1819.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stevens |first=P. F. |date=2004-10-01 |title=Book Review: Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle, Memoires et Souvenirs (1878–1841), Jean-Daniel Candaux and Jean-Marc Drouin, eds., with the aid of Patrick Bungener and René Sigrist, Biliothèque d'Histoire des Sciences 5 (Genève: Georg, 2003), xv + 591 pp., illus., €33.00 paper. |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-004-2095-2 |journal=Journal of the History of Biology |language=en |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=603–604 |doi=10.1007/s10739-004-2095-2 |issn=1573-0387}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Chisholm, Hugh, (22 Feb. 1866–29 Sept. 1924), Editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica (10th, 11th and 12th editions) |date=2007-12-01 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u194658 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2023-01-18}}</ref> From 1813 to his death in 1841, de Candolle continued to form and refine his new botanical classification system which was established in ''Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique.'' In 1824, de Candolle began the publication of the collection, ''[[Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis]],'' a summary of all plant types known at the time along with their characteristics, including taxonomy, evolutionary history, and biogeography <ref name=":0" /> He completed the first seven volumes of the total seventeen of this collection prior to his death. Despite not completing his goal for the collection, he characterized more than 100 plant families in this process, which became a base for the field of studying general botany.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sachs |first=Julius |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95522 |title=History of botany (1530-1860) |last2=Balfour |first2=Isaac Bayley |last3=Garnsey |first3=Henry E. F. |date=1890 |publisher=Clarendon Press, |location=Oxford,}}</ref> The final ten volumes were completed by de Candolle's son, Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle, with the seventeenth published in 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis ... (DC.) {{!}} International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/p/1051-2 |access-date=2023-01-22 |website=www.ipni.org}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 12:35, 22 January 2023
Introduction
Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique is a book written by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, which was first published in 1813 and later re-issued in 1819 with a new edition. This book contributed to the field of botany by introducing the use of the term taxonomy and a new classification system for grouping plants together. This book placed emphasis on the study of evolutionary relationships in grouping plants together, rather than on shared morphological characteristics.[1]
Context
After studying science and law at the Geneva Academy, de Candolle began his formal botanical career when upon the recommendation of Renè Loiche Desfontaines, de Candolle began work at Charles Louis L’Hèritier de Brutelle’s herbarium in the summer of 1798.[2] After establishing his first discovered genus, Senebiera, in 1799, de Candolle published his first books, Plantarum Historia Succulentarum in 1799 and Astragalogia in 1802. In 1805, Jean-Baptiste Lamark put de Candolle in charge of the publication of the third edition of Lamark’s Flore Française and writing the introduction of Principes Élémentaire de Botanique.[3][4] In this introduction, de Candolle proposed a discrete model of classifying plant taxa that was opposed to the linear model of Carl Linneaus.[3][5]
After being appointed as a professor of botany at the University of Montpellier in 1807 and becoming the first chair of botany in the medical faculty of a professor, de Candolle published the book Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique in 1813, which was later reissued in 1819.[6][7] From 1813 to his death in 1841, de Candolle continued to form and refine his new botanical classification system which was established in Théorie Élémentaire de la Botanique. In 1824, de Candolle began the publication of the collection, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, a summary of all plant types known at the time along with their characteristics, including taxonomy, evolutionary history, and biogeography [3] He completed the first seven volumes of the total seventeen of this collection prior to his death. Despite not completing his goal for the collection, he characterized more than 100 plant families in this process, which became a base for the field of studying general botany.[8] The final ten volumes were completed by de Candolle's son, Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle, with the seventeenth published in 1873.[9]
- ^ Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (1813). Théorie élémentaire de la botanique; ou, Exposition des prinicpes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'étudier les végétaux. Paris: Déterville.
- ^ Gray, Asa; Sargent, Charles Sprague (1889). Scientific papers of Asa Gray, selected by Charles Sprague Sargent. Boston,: Houghton, Mifflin,.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ a b c "Chisholm, Hugh, (22 Feb. 1866–29 Sept. 1924), Editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica (10th, 11th and 12th editions)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2023-01-18
- ^ Beyond cladistics : the branching of a paradigm. David M. Williams, Sandra Knapp. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-520-94799-3. OCLC 673607362.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Carl Linnaeus". ucmp.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ Stevens, P. F. (2004-10-01). "Book Review: Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle, Memoires et Souvenirs (1878–1841), Jean-Daniel Candaux and Jean-Marc Drouin, eds., with the aid of Patrick Bungener and René Sigrist, Biliothèque d'Histoire des Sciences 5 (Genève: Georg, 2003), xv + 591 pp., illus., €33.00 paper". Journal of the History of Biology. 37 (3): 603–604. doi:10.1007/s10739-004-2095-2. ISSN 1573-0387.
{{cite journal}}: no-break space character in|title=at position 247 (help) - ^ "Chisholm, Hugh, (22 Feb. 1866–29 Sept. 1924), Editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica (10th, 11th and 12th editions)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2023-01-18
- ^ Sachs, Julius; Balfour, Isaac Bayley; Garnsey, Henry E. F. (1890). History of botany (1530-1860). Oxford,: Clarendon Press,.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis ... (DC.) | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 2023-01-22.