Tituš Brezovački: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
m Adding local short description: "Croatian playwright, satirist and poet", overriding Wikidata description "Croatian writer"
Fixed name and translation of Latin poetry
 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 27: Line 27:
He was born in [[Zagreb]], schooled in Zagreb and [[Varaždin]], and in 1774 he entered the [[Paulists|Pauline Order]]. He initiated the study of [[theology]] in 1776 in [[Lepoglava]], and afterwards graduated [[philosophy]] and theology in [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]].<ref name="Jugoslovenski književni leksikon">{{cite book |author=Milorad Živančević |editor = Živan Milisavac |date=1971 |title=Jugoslovenski književni leksikon |trans-title=Yugoslav Literary Lexicon |publisher=[[Matica srpska]] |language=sh |location= [[Novi Sad]] ([[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|SAP Vojvodina]], [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]]) |page=52 }}</ref> He was ordained in 1781, serving as a [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] professor in Varaždin henceforth. In 1785 the Pauline Order was abolished, causing Brezovački to become a common priest. His disputes with clergy and the bishop [[Maksimilijan Vrhovac]] had often forced him to relocate, changing parishes (Varaždin, [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]], Rakovac, Zagreb, [[Krapina]], [[Požega, Croatia|Požega]], Zagreb).
He was born in [[Zagreb]], schooled in Zagreb and [[Varaždin]], and in 1774 he entered the [[Paulists|Pauline Order]]. He initiated the study of [[theology]] in 1776 in [[Lepoglava]], and afterwards graduated [[philosophy]] and theology in [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]].<ref name="Jugoslovenski književni leksikon">{{cite book |author=Milorad Živančević |editor = Živan Milisavac |date=1971 |title=Jugoslovenski književni leksikon |trans-title=Yugoslav Literary Lexicon |publisher=[[Matica srpska]] |language=sh |location= [[Novi Sad]] ([[Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina|SAP Vojvodina]], [[Socialist Republic of Serbia|SR Serbia]]) |page=52 }}</ref> He was ordained in 1781, serving as a [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] professor in Varaždin henceforth. In 1785 the Pauline Order was abolished, causing Brezovački to become a common priest. His disputes with clergy and the bishop [[Maksimilijan Vrhovac]] had often forced him to relocate, changing parishes (Varaždin, [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]], Rakovac, Zagreb, [[Krapina]], [[Požega, Croatia|Požega]], Zagreb).


He wrote his first known work, the religious drama ''Sveti Aleksij'' for the gymnasium in Varaždin, where it was staged before being printed in Zagreb in 1786.<ref name=bl>{{Cite web|url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=2802|title = Hrvatski biografski leksikon}}</ref> In Križevci he wrote the Latin poem ''Dalmatiae, Croatie et Slavoniae, trium sororum recursus'' (Three sisters Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia),<ref>[https://books.google.hr/books?id=3el5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197&dq=Titu%C5%A1+Brezova%C4%8Dki&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJj-3a7pXiAhVitIsKHbCUAtwQ6AEIMjAB#v=onepage&q=Titu%C5%A1%20Brezova%C4%8Dki&f=false Latin at the Crossroads of Identity: The Evolution of Linguistic Nationalism], pp. 197</ref> published in 1790, which represented a strong political shift in his work. This was followed by a similar poem ''Ode inclytae nobilitati regnorum Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Sclavoniae'', printed in 1800, to encourage resistance against [[Napoleon]]. During this period, he was a vocal critic of the higher clergy in Zagreb, which he criticized in the poem ''Jeremijaš nad horvatskoga orsaga zrušenjem narekujuči'' by the end of the 18th century, ending its censorship in 1801.<ref>[https://books.google.hr/books?id=7qgpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA464&dq=Titu%C5%A1+Brezova%C4%8Dki&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJj-3a7pXiAhVitIsKHbCUAtwQ6AEIPTAD#v=onepage&q=Titu%C5%A1%20Brezova%C4%8Dki&f=false Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918], Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, pp. 464</ref> He dedicated another poem to the newly constructed foundation hospital located on today's [[Ban Jelačić Square]] in 1804.<ref name=bl/>
He wrote his first known work, the religious drama ''Sveti Aleksij'' for the gymnasium in Varaždin, where it was staged before being printed in Zagreb in 1786.<ref name=bl>{{Cite web|url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=2802|title = Hrvatski biografski leksikon}}</ref> In Križevci he wrote the Latin poem ''Dalmatiae, Croatiae et Slavoniae trium sororum recursus ad novum Proregem Ioannem Erdődy, ne suis priventur coronis et novo sponso Leopoldo ab Hungaria'' (The plea of three sisters, [[Triune Kingdom|Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia]] to the new [[ban (title)|Ban]], count János Erdődy,{{efn|Erdődy's given name is sometimes given as ''Ivan'', in line with the [[Croatian language|Croatian]] variant of the name ''John'' ({{lang-la|Iohannes}}).}} that they might not be robbed of their crowns and of their new bridegroom, [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold]], by Hungary),<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3el5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Titu%C5%A1+Brezova%C4%8Dki&pg=PA197 Latin at the Crossroads of Identity: The Evolution of Linguistic Nationalism], pp. 197</ref> published in 1790, which represented a strong political shift in his work. This was followed by a similar poem ''Ode inclytae nobilitati regnorum Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Sclavoniae'', printed in 1800, to encourage resistance against [[Napoleon]]. During this period, he was a vocal critic of the higher clergy in Zagreb, which he criticized in the poem ''Jeremijaš nad horvatskoga orsaga zrušenjem narekujuči'' by the end of the 18th century, ending its censorship in 1801.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7qgpDAAAQBAJ&dq=Titu%C5%A1+Brezova%C4%8Dki&pg=PA464 Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918], Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, pp. 464</ref> He dedicated another poem to the newly constructed foundation hospital located on today's [[Ban Jelačić Square]] in 1804.<ref name=bl/>


Between 1803 and 1805, he wrote his most known works; a [[comedy]] about a [[Sorcerer (paranormal)|sorcerer]] ''Matijaš Grabancijaš dijak'' (first staged in 1804) and ''Diogeneš''.<ref name=bl/><ref>[https://books.google.hr/books?id=bLClDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA172&dq=Titu%C5%A1+Brezova%C4%8Dki&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiUifOe7ZXiAhUKAxAIHRfaA-E4ChDoAQhfMAk#v=onepage&q=Titu%C5%A1%20Brezova%C4%8Dki&f=false Die Literaturen Südosteuropas: 15. bis frühes 20. Jahrhundert. Ein Vergleich], Valther Puchler, pp. 172</ref>
Between 1803 and 1805, he wrote his most known works; a [[comedy]] about a [[Sorcerer (paranormal)|sorcerer]] ''Matijaš Grabancijaš dijak'' (first staged in 1804) and ''Diogeneš''.<ref name=bl/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bLClDAAAQBAJ&dq=Titu%C5%A1+Brezova%C4%8Dki&pg=PA172 Die Literaturen Südosteuropas: 15. bis frühes 20. Jahrhundert. Ein Vergleich], Valther Puchler, pp. 172</ref>


He died in Zagreb on October 29, 1805, exhausted by a lung disease.
He died in Zagreb on October 29, 1805, exhausted by a lung disease.
Line 39: Line 39:
* "Diogeneš ili sluga dveh zaljubljenih bratov", a comedy (1805)
* "Diogeneš ili sluga dveh zaljubljenih bratov", a comedy (1805)
===Poetry===
===Poetry===
* ''Dalmatiae, Croatie et Slavoniae, trium sororum recursus'', 1790
* ''Dalmatiae, Croatiae et Slavoniae trium sororum recursus ad novum Proregem Ioannem Erdődy, ne suis priventur coronis et novo sponso Leopoldo ab Hungaria'', 1790
* ''Ode inclytae nobilitati regnorum Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Sclavoniae'', 1800
* ''Ode inclytae nobilitati regnorum Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Sclavoniae'', 1800
===Satire===
===Satire===
* "Jeremijaš nad hrvatskoga orsaga zrušenjem nerekujuči", written around 1800
* "Jeremijaš nad hrvatskoga orsaga zrušenjem nerekujuči", written around 1800

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}


== References ==
== References ==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}
* {{citation| title=Leksikon hrvatskih pisaca| first1=Dunja |last1=Fališevac |author1-link=Dunja Fališevac| first2=Krešimir |last2=Nemec |author2-link=Krešimir Nemec| first3=Darko |last3=Novaković| author3-link=Darko Novaković |year=2000 |publisher=Školska knjiga d.d| location=Zagreb | isbn=953-0-61107-2 |language=hr}}
* {{citation| title=Leksikon hrvatskih pisaca| first1=Dunja |last1=Fališevac |author1-link=Dunja Fališevac| first2=Krešimir |last2=Nemec |author2-link=Krešimir Nemec| first3=Darko |last3=Novaković| author3-link=Darko Novaković |year=2000 |publisher=Školska knjiga d.d| location=Zagreb | isbn=953-0-61107-2 |language=hr}}
* [http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=9464 Tituš Brezovački] on Enciklopedija.hr
* [http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=9464 Tituš Brezovački] on Enciklopedija.hr
Line 60: Line 62:
[[Category:Croatian male poets]]
[[Category:Croatian male poets]]
[[Category:German-language poets]]
[[Category:German-language poets]]
[[Category:New Latin-language poets]]
[[Category:Neo-Latin poets]]

Latest revision as of 22:31, 19 October 2023

Tituš Brezovački
Born(1757-01-04)4 January 1757
Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia, Habsburg monarchy
Died29 October 1805(1805-10-29) (aged 48)
Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia, Habsburg Monarchy
OccupationPoet, playwright, writer, priest
NationalityCroatian
Literary movementClassicism, Enlightenment
Notable works
  • Sveti Aleksij
  • Matijaš Grabancijaš dijak
  • Diogeneš

Tituš Brezovački (January 4, 1757 – October 29, 1805) was a Croatian playwright, satirist and poet.

Brezovački, as the great comedian of the period, wrote all of his dramatic works in Kajkavian dialect. His poems were chiefly written in German and Latin, but few of them have also been preserved in Ijekavian Štokavian, as if predicting the path of Croatian national revival.

Biography[edit]

He was born in Zagreb, schooled in Zagreb and Varaždin, and in 1774 he entered the Pauline Order. He initiated the study of theology in 1776 in Lepoglava, and afterwards graduated philosophy and theology in Pest.[1] He was ordained in 1781, serving as a gymnasium professor in Varaždin henceforth. In 1785 the Pauline Order was abolished, causing Brezovački to become a common priest. His disputes with clergy and the bishop Maksimilijan Vrhovac had often forced him to relocate, changing parishes (Varaždin, Križevci, Rakovac, Zagreb, Krapina, Požega, Zagreb).

He wrote his first known work, the religious drama Sveti Aleksij for the gymnasium in Varaždin, where it was staged before being printed in Zagreb in 1786.[2] In Križevci he wrote the Latin poem Dalmatiae, Croatiae et Slavoniae trium sororum recursus ad novum Proregem Ioannem Erdődy, ne suis priventur coronis et novo sponso Leopoldo ab Hungaria (The plea of three sisters, Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia to the new Ban, count János Erdődy,[a] that they might not be robbed of their crowns and of their new bridegroom, Leopold, by Hungary),[3] published in 1790, which represented a strong political shift in his work. This was followed by a similar poem Ode inclytae nobilitati regnorum Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Sclavoniae, printed in 1800, to encourage resistance against Napoleon. During this period, he was a vocal critic of the higher clergy in Zagreb, which he criticized in the poem Jeremijaš nad horvatskoga orsaga zrušenjem narekujuči by the end of the 18th century, ending its censorship in 1801.[4] He dedicated another poem to the newly constructed foundation hospital located on today's Ban Jelačić Square in 1804.[2]

Between 1803 and 1805, he wrote his most known works; a comedy about a sorcerer Matijaš Grabancijaš dijak (first staged in 1804) and Diogeneš.[2][5]

He died in Zagreb on October 29, 1805, exhausted by a lung disease.

Works[edit]

Drama[edit]

  • "Sveti Aleksij", a drama (1786)
  • "Matijaš Grabancijaš dijak", a comedy (1804)
  • "Diogeneš ili sluga dveh zaljubljenih bratov", a comedy (1805)

Poetry[edit]

  • Dalmatiae, Croatiae et Slavoniae trium sororum recursus ad novum Proregem Ioannem Erdődy, ne suis priventur coronis et novo sponso Leopoldo ab Hungaria, 1790
  • Ode inclytae nobilitati regnorum Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Sclavoniae, 1800

Satire[edit]

  • "Jeremijaš nad hrvatskoga orsaga zrušenjem nerekujuči", written around 1800

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Erdődy's given name is sometimes given as Ivan, in line with the Croatian variant of the name John (Latin: Iohannes).

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ Milorad Živančević (1971). Živan Milisavac (ed.). Jugoslovenski književni leksikon [Yugoslav Literary Lexicon] (in Serbo-Croatian). Novi Sad (SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia): Matica srpska. p. 52.
  2. ^ a b c "Hrvatski biografski leksikon".
  3. ^ Latin at the Crossroads of Identity: The Evolution of Linguistic Nationalism, pp. 197
  4. ^ Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918, Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, pp. 464
  5. ^ Die Literaturen Südosteuropas: 15. bis frühes 20. Jahrhundert. Ein Vergleich, Valther Puchler, pp. 172