Ramesh Shotham and Gogok: Difference between pages
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{{dablink|See also [[Magatama]].}} |
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<ref>http://www.shotham.org/</ref> |
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{{Infobox Korean name |
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<ref>http://www.cduniverse.com/sresult.asp?artistid=0&HT_Search=artist&HT_Search_Info=Ramesh+Shotham&cart=783970310&seeall=1</ref> |
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|img=Baekje gogok.jpg |
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|caption=Glass and jade beads excavated from [[King Muryeong's Tomb]] with gold cap ornaments. |
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{{Infobox Musical artist |
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|hangul=곱은옥 ''or'' 곡옥 |
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|Name = Ramesh Shotham |
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|hanja=곱은玉 ''or'' 曲玉 |
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|Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist |
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|rr=gobeunok ''or'' gogok |
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|Origin = [[Madras]], [[South India]] |
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|mr=kobǔnok ''or'' kogok <!-- I can't find any source to state that the middle ㄱ should be tensed, so am changing this from kokok to kogok --> |
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|Instrument = [[Percussion]], [[Drums]] |
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|Genre = [[Jazz, Fusion, Rock]] |
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|Occupation = Musician |
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|Years_active = 1970–present |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Gobeunok''' or '''Gogok''' refers to comma-shaped or curved beads and jewels, found in [[Korea]] and [[Japan]]. Gogok is also sometimes romanized as "kogok" and "kokkok" or "kokok." In Japanese, they are called [[magatama]]. |
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Although usually made from [[jadeite]], they have been discovered made from many different materials such as [[nephrite]], [[Rock (geology)|stone]], clay, bone and [[glass]]. They range in size range from 1 to 10 cm, have a small hole in the middle of the round part for threading. Used as earrings and necklaces, and as decoration on crowns, belts, and bracelets. Some are further decorated with gold or silver attachments. |
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The curved nature of the gogok beads and their similarities to bear claws has led to a theory of Scytho-Siberian influence and origin created by bear totem tribes.<ref>http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/publications/pdfs/korea/divided/Materials-Music.pdf#search='comma%20shaped%20silla%20beads'</ref> |
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In [[Korea]], jade gogok are found sporadically at prehistoric sites. <!--Can't we do better than Britannica? --><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9049968 magatama - Britannica Online Encyclopedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Throughout the [[Korean peninsula]], nephrite gogok are found in [[Neolithic]] and [[Bronze Age]] sites in stone burial chambers (stone cists and [[dolmen]]s). This probably indicates that gogok were symbols of prestige and power buried with the elites of society. |
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The most famous examples of gogok in [[Korean art]] are from the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea|Three Kingdoms period]], in [[Silla]] [[Crown of Silla|royal crowns]], earrings, necklaces, and [[Gold girdle of Korea|belts]]. These treasures were found in the burial mounds of both [[Silla]] and [[Baekje]] kings.<ref>[http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/opac/catalogue_detail.php?&object_number=C.102-1984&_limit_=10&_function_=xslt The Fitzwilliam Museum : Catalogue Introduction<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The ornamental antlers and tree-like structures of the Silla crown and similarities of the crown with works from the [[Eurasian nomads|Eurasian]] [[steppes]] and [[Afghanistan]] suggests vast networks of trade and also reinforces a Scytho-Siberian origin for gogok.<ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/05/eak/ht05eak.htm Korea, 1–500 A.D. | Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> They declined in use from about the middle of the 6th century.<ref>[http://kr.dic.yahoo.com/search/enc/result.html?pk=10815300&p=%B0%EE%BF%C1%20&field=id&type=enc 야후! 백과사전 - 곡옥<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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The origin of gogok is contested by archaeologists because these jewels are common in [[Kofun period|Kofun]] tombs as well as in contemporaneous Korean tombs.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN082482332X&id=zzZBdGQN_TIC&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232&dq=comma+shaped+bead&vq=korea&sig=xdpPyhic7tEPofwDu0x2mYHMA0Y</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html Kofun Culture<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> One archaeologist, James Keally, who believes gogok originated in Japan cites the fact that gogok have been reported in [[Jōmon]] sites in Tohoku as early as about 1000 BCE.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Because gogok have been found in Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Korea, this claim is controversial. |
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==Notes== |
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'''Ramesh Shotham'''(born in [[Madras]], [[South India]]) is a [[percussionist]] and [[drummer]]. |
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{{reflist}} |
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== |
==References== |
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*[http://enc.daum.net/dic100//viewContents.do?articleID=b02g0318a Korea Britannica article] {{ko icon}} |
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Ramesh Shotham was born in [[Madras]], [[South India]]. He graduated with a degree in zoology from Loyola College, University of Madras. He began his musical career as a self-taught drummer, co-leading a rock band called Human Bondage established in 1970 in [[Bombay]] and [[bangalore]] then hitting the road gigging in clubs all over the subcontinent. Musical influences at this stage were [[The Beatles]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Led Zeppelin]], ect... |
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*[http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=15632 Doosan World Encyclopedia article] {{ko icon}} |
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It took a live [[Ravi Shankar]] concert in [[Delhi]], and a chance meeting with a tourist, who was heading back West and wanted to hock his albums, amongst them ‘Birds of Fire’ by the Mahavishnu Orchestra, for Shotham to begin discovering his own musical roots: the vast ocean of [[Indian music]]. |
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*[http://kr.dic.yahoo.com/search/enc/result.html?pk=10815300&p=%B0%EE%BF%C1%20&field=id&type=enc Yahoo Korea Encyclopedia] {{ko icon}} |
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During the mid-seventies shotham returned to Madras to take up study of the Tavil (a traditional temple music drum), under Vidwan K.P.Ramu. |
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Since then, Shotham has lived and worked in [[Europe]], and is recognized as one of the most successful percussionists around. He has performed not only with leading European and [[American]] [[Jazz]] and [[Rock]] musicians, but also with artistes from [[Africa]], [[Australia]], [[China]], [[Korea]] and several [[Arabic]] countries. During the last 20-odd years, Shotham has recorded over 120 LPs and CDs and has worked for almost all the leading TV and Radio stations in [[Germany]] and [[Europe]]. |
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Mid-2000, he and his wife Alexandra established an independent record company called Permission Music Productions. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Magatama]] |
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* Madras Special (Permission Music, 2002) |
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* [[Crown of Silla]] |
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* Urban Folklore (Double Moon, 2006) |
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* [[List of Korea-related topics]] |
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===As guest musician=== |
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* Rabih Abou Khalil: Between Dusk And Dawn (MMP, 1987; Enja Records, 1993) |
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* Rabih Abou Khalil: Bukra (MMP, 1988; [[Enja Records]], 1994) |
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* Rabih Abou Khalil: Al-Jadida ([[Enja Records]], 1990) |
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* Rabih Abou Khalil: Blue Camel (Enja Records, 1992) |
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* Rabih Abou Khalil: [[Tarab (album)|Tarab]] (Enja Records, 1992) |
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* Various Artists: Karma Culture: 21 Asian Pearl CD (Cop International, 2003) |
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* Abaji: Music of a Nomad (Network, 2005) |
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* Omri Hason: Shati (Double Moon, 2008) |
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[[Category:Korean art]] |
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==External links== |
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[[Category:Korean words and phrases]] |
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*[http://www.shotham.org/ The Official Website] |
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*[http://www.cduniverse.com/sresult.asp?artistid=0&HT_Search=artist&HT_Search_Info=Ramesh+Shotham&cart=783970310&seeall=1 Discography at CD universe] |
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Revision as of 13:06, 10 October 2008
| Gogok | |
 Glass and jade beads excavated from King Muryeong's Tomb with gold cap ornaments. | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | [곱은옥 or 곡옥 ] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) |
| Hanja | [곱은玉 or 曲玉 ] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) |
| Revised Romanization | gobeunok or gogok |
| McCune–Reischauer | kobǔnok or kogok |
Gobeunok or Gogok refers to comma-shaped or curved beads and jewels, found in Korea and Japan. Gogok is also sometimes romanized as "kogok" and "kokkok" or "kokok." In Japanese, they are called magatama.
Although usually made from jadeite, they have been discovered made from many different materials such as nephrite, stone, clay, bone and glass. They range in size range from 1 to 10 cm, have a small hole in the middle of the round part for threading. Used as earrings and necklaces, and as decoration on crowns, belts, and bracelets. Some are further decorated with gold or silver attachments.
The curved nature of the gogok beads and their similarities to bear claws has led to a theory of Scytho-Siberian influence and origin created by bear totem tribes.[1]
In Korea, jade gogok are found sporadically at prehistoric sites. [2] Throughout the Korean peninsula, nephrite gogok are found in Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in stone burial chambers (stone cists and dolmens). This probably indicates that gogok were symbols of prestige and power buried with the elites of society.
The most famous examples of gogok in Korean art are from the Three Kingdoms period, in Silla royal crowns, earrings, necklaces, and belts. These treasures were found in the burial mounds of both Silla and Baekje kings.[3] The ornamental antlers and tree-like structures of the Silla crown and similarities of the crown with works from the Eurasian steppes and Afghanistan suggests vast networks of trade and also reinforces a Scytho-Siberian origin for gogok.[4] They declined in use from about the middle of the 6th century.[5]
The origin of gogok is contested by archaeologists because these jewels are common in Kofun tombs as well as in contemporaneous Korean tombs.[6][7] One archaeologist, James Keally, who believes gogok originated in Japan cites the fact that gogok have been reported in Jōmon sites in Tohoku as early as about 1000 BCE.[7] Because gogok have been found in Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Korea, this claim is controversial.
Notes
- ^ http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/publications/pdfs/korea/divided/Materials-Music.pdf#search='comma%20shaped%20silla%20beads'
- ^ magatama - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ The Fitzwilliam Museum : Catalogue Introduction
- ^ Korea, 1–500 A.D. | Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
- ^ 야후! 백과사전 - 곡옥
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=ISBN082482332X&id=zzZBdGQN_TIC&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232&dq=comma+shaped+bead&vq=korea&sig=xdpPyhic7tEPofwDu0x2mYHMA0Y
- ^ a b Kofun Culture
References
- Korea Britannica article Template:Ko icon
- Doosan World Encyclopedia article Template:Ko icon
- Yahoo Korea Encyclopedia Template:Ko icon