2008 Elite League speedway season and Constitution of Cyprus: Difference between pages
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{{Infobox document |
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{{currentsport|image=Motorsport current event.png}} |
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|document_name = Constitution of Cyprus |
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{{Infobox sports season |
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| location_of_document= Unknown |
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| title = 2008 Elite League |
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| |
|date_ratified = August 16, 1960 |
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| |
|signers = Members of the Cypriot government |
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|purpose = National [[constitution]] to secure unity between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and provide a framework for the newly independent government. |
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| logo = |
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}}{{Politics of Cyprus}} |
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| pixels = |
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The [[Constitution of Cyprus]] is a document, ratified on August 16, 1960, that serves as the framework for the [[Cypriot]] [[government]].<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html#Govt|title=Cyprus|publisher=CIA World Factbook|language=English|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref> It was created after the country won its independence in 1959.<ref name="mongabay">{{cite web|url=http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/cyprus/GOVERNMENT.html|title=Cyprus - Government and Politics|publisher=mongabay.com|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref> |
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| caption = |
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| duration = [[29 March]] [[2008]] - [[13 October]] [[2008]] |
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| no_of_teams = 9 |
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| attendance = |
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| TV = [[Sky Sports]] |
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| season = |
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| season_champs = |
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| season_champ_name= |
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| league_champs = |
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| league_champ_name= |
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| second_place = |
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| MVP = |
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| MVP_link = |
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| top_scorer = |
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| top_scorer_link = |
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| promote = |
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| promoted_from = |
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| relegate = |
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| relegate_to = |
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| playoffs = Play-offs |
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| playoffs_link = |
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| conf1 =Elite League Champions |
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| conf1_link = |
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| conf1_champ = |
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| conf1-runner-up = |
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| conf2 = |
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| conf2_link = |
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| conf2_champ = |
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| conf2-runner-up = |
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| playoffs_MVP = |
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| playoffs_MVP_link= |
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| finals = Final |
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| finals_link = |
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| finals_champ = |
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| finals-runner-up = |
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| finals_MVP = |
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| finals_MVP_link = |
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| seasonslist = Speedway Elite League |
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| seasonslistnames = Elite League |
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| prevseason_link = 2007 Speedway Elite League |
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| prevseason_year = 2007 |
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| nextseason_link = |
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| nextseason_year = 2009 |
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}} |
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The constitution put methods in place to protect [[Turkish Cypriots]], due to the restrictions placed in Article 6 of the document. That article ensured the the Cypriot government has no right to discriminate against either Turkish or Greek Cypriots. The constitution also ensures, in Article 1, that the Vice-President of the country is a Turk and the President is a Greek.<ref name="text">{{cite web|url=http://www.mahkemeler.net/mahkeme-web-t/anayasa/1960ing.doc|title=Cyprus Constitution |language=English|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref> In 1964, however, the Cypriot government became dominated by Greeks.<ref name=mongabay/> |
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The '''2008 Elite League''' (also known as the '''[[Sky Sports]] Elite League''') is the twelfth since its establishment in 1997. The first fixtures of the season took place on the 29th March and the season is scheduled to end in October. The [[Coventry Bees]] are the defending champions from 2007. |
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The constitution of the country collapsed, however, in 1963 due to dispute between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots. It was then restored in 1990.<ref name=mongabay/> |
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New rules introduced for 2008 include 3 points for an away win compared to 2 points in 2007, and the removal of the bonus point, in which a team was awarded an extra point for an [[Two-legged match|aggregate]] win over home and away matches against another team. Also new in 2008 there will be a relegation/promotion [[Playoff format|play-off]] between the [[Speedway Elite League|Elite League]] and the [[Speedway Premier League|Premier League]]. The two teams that finish bottom of the Elite League will face in each other in a two legged play-off with the loser facing the Premier League play-off winner.<ref>{{cite web | title = British Speedway 2008 | work = [[BSPA]] | date = 2007-12-02 | url = http://www.british-speedway.co.uk/news.php?extend.1093.2 | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-05-22 }}</ref> |
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== Constitutional breakdown== |
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==League table== |
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In 1963, the Constitution broke down as the Turkish Cypriots involved withdrew from the government,<ref name="loc">{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cytoc.html|title=A Country Study: Cyprus|publisher=Library of Congress|language=English|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref> and as a result the Greeks took full control of the government in 1965 despite the constitutional [[safeguard]]s to ensure representation of Turks that has previously existed.<ref name=mongabay/> |
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{| align=right cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width=180px style="font-size: 90%" |
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|- align=left |
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!Key: |
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|- style="background:#ACE1AF" |
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|colspan=2| Play off semi-final home leg |
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|- style="background:#D0F0C0" |
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|colspan=2| Play off semi-final away leg |
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|- style="background:#FFCCCC" |
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|colspan=2| Relegation play-offs |
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|- |
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| || |
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|} |
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The separation occurred due to the fact that the the two separate [[racial group]]s continued to distrust each other after the constitution was signed. Another issue that caused the breakdown was the fact that President Makarios, a Greek Cypriot, supported complete integration between the two racial groups, while Vice President Fazil Küçük, a Turkish Cypriot, supported increased seperation.<ref name=mongabay/> |
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{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;" |
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!width=30 rowspan=2|Pos ||rowspan=2|Club ||rowspan=2 width=30|M ||colspan=3|Home ||colspan=3|Away ||rowspan=2 width=30|F ||width=30 rowspan=2|A ||rowspan=2|+/- ||width=30 rowspan=2|Pts |
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|- |
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!width=30|W ||width=30|D ||width=30|L ||width=30|W ||width=30|D ||width=30|L |
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|- align=center | style="background:#ACE1AF" |
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!1 |
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|align=left| [[Poole Pirates]] |
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|32 |
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|14 |
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|0 |
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|2 |
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|8 |
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|0 |
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|8 |
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|1600 |
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|1321 |
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|''+''279 |
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!52 |
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|- align=center | style="background:#ACE1AF" |
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!2 |
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|align=left| [[Lakeside Hammers]] |
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|32 |
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|15 |
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|0 |
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|1 |
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|7 |
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|1 |
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|8 |
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|1551 |
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|1375 |
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|''+''176 |
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!52 |
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|- align=center | style="background:#D0F0C0" |
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!3 |
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|align=left| [[Swindon Robins]] |
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|32 |
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|12 |
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|2 |
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|2 |
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|5 |
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|0 |
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|11 |
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|1498 |
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|1434 |
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|''+''64 |
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!41 |
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|- align=center | style="background:#D0F0C0" |
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!4 |
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|align=left| [[Ipswich Witches]] |
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|32 |
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|11 |
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|1 |
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|4 |
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|5 |
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|2 |
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|9 |
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|1483 |
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|1439 |
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|''+''44 |
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!40 |
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|- align=center |
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!5 |
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|align=left| [[Eastbourne Eagles]] |
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|31 |
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|10 |
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|0 |
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|5 |
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|4 |
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|0 |
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|12 |
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|1399 |
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|1445 |
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|''-''46 |
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!32 |
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|- align=center |
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!6 |
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|align=left| [[Coventry Bees]] |
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|31 |
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|10 |
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|2 |
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|4 |
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|2 |
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|1 |
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|12 |
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|1378 |
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|1456 |
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|''-''78 |
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!29 |
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|- align=center |
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!7 |
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|align=left| [[Peterborough Panthers]] |
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|32 |
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|12 |
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|1 |
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|3 |
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|1 |
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|0 |
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|15 |
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|1371 |
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|1528 |
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|''-''157 |
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!28 |
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|- align=center | style="background:#FFCCCC" |
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!8 |
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|align=left| [[Belle Vue Aces]] |
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|31 |
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|12 |
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|0 |
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|3 |
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|0 |
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|2 |
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|14 |
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|1373 |
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|1451 |
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|''-''78 |
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!26 |
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|- align=center | style="background:#FFCCCC" |
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!9 |
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|align=left| [[Wolverhampton Wolves]] |
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|31 |
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|8 |
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|0 |
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|8 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|15 |
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|1314 |
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|1518 |
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|''-''204 |
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!16 |
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|} |
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<small>'''M''' = Meetings; '''W''' = Wins; '''D''' = Draws; '''L''' = Losses; '''F''' = Race points for; '''A''' = Race points against; '''+/-''' = Race points difference; '''Pts''' = Total Points</small> |
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In addition, President Makarios, proposed a constitutional change in that year which would remove most of the rights given to Turkish Cypriots. He said that the original constitution prevented the Turks and Greeks "cooperating in the spirit of understanding and friendship."<ref name=mongabay/> |
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<small>Last updated: [[September 26]] [[2008]]</small> |
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==Restoration== |
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<small>Source: [http://www.british-speedway.co.uk/eltable08.html BSPA]</small> |
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In 1990, the constitution was restored with amendments from 1964 that removed some of the additional rights given to Turkish Cypriots.<ref name=mongabay/> The restoration took place following meetings, which first took place in 1988, that attempted to remove some of the hostility between the Greeks and Turks. The meetings took place following the election of [[George Vassiliou]] as the Cypriot President.<ref name=loc/> |
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== |
==Content== |
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=== General provisions === |
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Teams face each other four times: twice home and away. The first of the home and away meetings are called the 'A' fixtures, and the second are the 'B' fixtures. |
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The first five articles of the constitution discuss General Provisions. |
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Article One asserts that Cyprus is an independent republic with a President and that the President and Vice President must be Greeks and Turks respectively. Article three asserts that the official languages of the Republic of Cyprus are Greek and Turkish, and that all officials documents must be published in both languages.<ref name=text/> |
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==='A' Fixtures=== |
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{| align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-size: 90%; text-align: center" class="wikitable" |
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|- bgcolor=#F0F0F0 |
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|align="centre"| Home\Away |
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|width=40px| [[Belle Vue Aces|BV]] |
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|width=40px| [[Coventry Bees|COV]] |
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|width=40px| [[Eastbourne Eagles|EAS]] |
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|width=40px| [[Ipswich Witches|IPS]] |
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|width=40px| [[Lakeside Hammers|LH]] |
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|width=40px| [[Peterborough Panthers|PET]] |
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|width=40px| [[Poole Pirates|PP]] |
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|width=40px| [[Swindon Robins|SWI]] |
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|width=40px| [[Wolverhampton Wolves|WOL]] |
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|- |
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| '''[[Belle Vue Aces]]''' |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|46-43 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-48 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-38 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|47-43 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-41 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-43 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-51 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|60-30 |
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|- |
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! [[Coventry Bees]] |
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|45-45 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|43-47 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-37 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|41-49 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-42 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-41 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-45 |
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|- |
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| '''[[Eastbourne Eagles]]''' |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-40 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-40 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-48 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|59-35 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|41-48 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|46-44 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-40 |
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|- |
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! [[Ipswich Witches]] |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-41 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-43 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|51-39 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-51 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|60-31 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|41-51 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|43-50 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-38 |
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|- |
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| '''[[Lakeside Hammers]]''' |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|54-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|63-29 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|51-42 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|56-37 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-40 |
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|- |
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! [[Peterborough Panthers]] |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|47-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|51-38 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-42 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-41 |
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|36-36* |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|35-57 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-48 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-42 |
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|- |
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| '''[[Poole Pirates]]''' |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|59-33 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-41 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|40-50 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|54-38 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|44-46 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|62-31 |
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|- |
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! [[Swindon Robins]] |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-43 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-43 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|56-37 |
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|45-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-40 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-40 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|39-51 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-42 |
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|- |
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| '''[[Wolverhampton Wolves]]''' |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-45 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|44-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-39 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|43-48 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|41-49 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|59-33 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|54-36 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-48 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|} |
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''*''<small> Meeting abandoned after heat 12. Result stands.</small> |
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Article four requires that Cyprus "shall have its own flag of neutral design and colour, chosen jointly by the President and the Vice-President of the Republic," while article five states that Greek and Turkish Cypriots have a right to celebrate their holiday's.<ref name=text/> |
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<small>Last updated: [[September 11]] [[2008]]. Source: [http://www.british-speedway.co.uk/ BSPA]</small> |
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=== Fundamental rights and liberties === |
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<small>Colours: Blue = home win; Red = away win; White = draw</small> |
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Articles 6-35 of the constitution deal with Fundamental Rights and Liberties. |
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Article six prohibits the discrimination of either Greek or Turkish Cypriots based on their race, while article seven asserts the right to life and states that an individual may only be deprived of his right to life except for when being sentenced by a "competent court" for an offense which provides the death penalty by law.<ref name=text/> |
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<small>Home team listed in the left-hand column</small> |
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Article eight banks the issuing inhumane or degrading punishment, and prevents torture, and Article nine sates that "every person has the right to a decent existence and to social security." |
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==='B' Fixtures=== |
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{| align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-size: 90%; text-align: center" class="wikitable" |
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|- bgcolor=#F0F0F0 |
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|align="centre"| Home\Away |
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|width=40px| [[Belle Vue Aces|BV]] |
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|width=40px| [[Coventry Bees|COV]] |
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|width=40px| [[Eastbourne Eagles|EAS]] |
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|width=40px| [[Ipswich Witches|IPS]] |
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|width=40px| [[Lakeside Hammers|LH]] |
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|width=40px| [[Peterborough Panthers|PET]] |
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|width=40px| [[Poole Pirates|PP]] |
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|width=40px| [[Swindon Robins|SWI]] |
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|width=40px| [[Wolverhampton Wolves|WOL]] |
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|- |
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| '''[[Belle Vue Aces]]''' |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-40 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-42 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-48 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-42 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|47-43 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-41 |
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|- |
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! [[Coventry Bees]] |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-40 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-41 |
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|45-45 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-51 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|59-36 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|37-56 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-43 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-40 |
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|- |
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| '''[[Eastbourne Eagles]]''' |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|56-37 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|46-47 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|41-49 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-44 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|46-44 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|41-52 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-43 |
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|Oct 18 |
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|- |
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! [[Ipswich Witches]] |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-42 |
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|45-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-41 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|44-48 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|54-38 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-38 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|54-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-41 |
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|- |
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| '''[[Lakeside Hammers]]''' |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|59-34 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|56-37 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|56-37 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|55-38 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-41 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-39 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|41-49 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|58-32 |
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|- |
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! [[Peterborough Panthers]] |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-42 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|51-42 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|39-54 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-40 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|56-37 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|47-43 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|52-41 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|56-37 |
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|- |
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| '''[[Poole Pirates]]''' |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-31* |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|54-36 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|60-33 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|59-34 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|50-42 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|54-36 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|58-35 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|55-37 |
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|- |
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! [[Swindon Robins]] |
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|45-45 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|51-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-44 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|53-39 |
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|style="background:#DFE7FF"|49-44 |
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|style="background:#FFDFDF"|42-51 |
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|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
|||
|style="background:#DFE7FF"|62-29 |
|||
|- |
|||
| '''[[Wolverhampton Wolves]]''' |
|||
|style="background:#DFE7FF"|48-45 |
|||
|style="background:#DFE7FF"|47-43 |
|||
|style="background:#FFDFDF"|45-48 |
|||
|style="background:#FFDFDF"|40-52 |
|||
|style="background:#FFDFDF"|43-47 |
|||
|style="background:#DFE7FF"|54-38 |
|||
|style="background:#FFDFDF"|44-46 |
|||
|style="background:#DFE7FF"|47-46 |
|||
|style="background:#CCCCCC"| |
|||
|} |
|||
''*''<small>Meeting abandoned after heat 13. Result stands.</small> |
|||
Article ten prohibits slavery and and forced labour, in all cases other then in cases of compulsory military service or work while being imprisoned lawfully by the state. It also allows for "any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the inhabitants." |
|||
<small>Last updated: [[September 26]] [[2008]]. Source: [http://www.british-speedway.co.uk/ BSPA]</small> |
|||
Article eleven contains several limits on who can be imprisoned. It states that people may only be imprisoned when they have been convicted by a court, detained to force them to appear before a court, detained to prevent them from committing an offense or detained to avoid the spread of [[disease]]s. The article also ensures that "every person who has been the victim of arrest or detention in contravention of the provisions of this Article shall have an enforceable right to compensation."<ref name=text/> |
|||
<small>Colours: Blue = home win; Red = away win; White = draw</small> |
|||
Article 12 ensures that [[Habeas Corpus]] is followed, that no person may be charged twice for the same offense, that the punishment is proportional to the crime, and that people have the right to a defence while in court. |
|||
<small>Home team listed in the left-hand column</small> |
|||
Article thirteen says that any person has the right to move freely around Cyprus, and leave when they wish, subject to "reasonable conditions" imposed by law, while article fourteen states that no person shall be forced to leave the country.<ref name=text/> |
|||
==Play-offs== |
|||
===Semi-finals=== |
|||
{{footballbox |
|||
|date =[[2008-09-29]] |
|||
|time =19:30 |
|||
|team1 =[[Poole Pirates]] |
|||
|score = 59 - 33 |
|||
|report =[http://www.worldspeedway.com/artman/publish/article_8001.shtml (Report)] |
|||
|team2 =[[Ipswich Witches]] |
|||
|goals1 =[[Bjarne Pedersen]] 13+1 |
|||
|goals2 =[[Kenneth Bjerre]] (guest) 11 |
|||
|stadium =[[Poole Stadium|Wimborne Road]], [[Poole]] |
|||
|attendance = |
|||
|referee =Dave Watters |
|||
}} |
|||
Article fifteen defines the [[right to privacy]]. Is states that every individual has a right to a private life except when infringing on someone's privacy is in accordance of the law and in the national interest. Article sixteen prohibits entering someone's [[property]] without their prior consent without an arrest warrant, unless you are rescuing the individual from danger. Article seventeen also discusses privacy, with it's main focus being an individual's right to privacy in all lawful communication. |
|||
Articles eighteen, nineteen and 21 secure [[freedom of speech]], [[religion]] and assembly respectively, while twenty and 22 deal with the right to [[free education]] and [[marriage]].<ref name=text/> |
|||
{{footballbox |
|||
|date =[[2008-09-29]] |
|||
|time =19:30 |
|||
|team1 =[[Lakeside Hammers]] |
|||
|score = 56 - 33 |
|||
|report =[http://www.worldspeedway.com/artman/publish/article_8006.shtml (Report)] |
|||
|team2 =[[Swindon Robins]] |
|||
|goals1 = [[Andreas Jonsson]] 15 |
|||
|goals2 = [[Leigh Adams]] 14 |
|||
|stadium = [[Arena Essex Raceway]], [[Purfleet]] |
|||
|attendance = |
|||
|referee =Phil Griffin |
|||
}} |
|||
Article 23 adds to the rights laid out in article sixteen, by allowing citizens of Cyprus to purchase property and receive compensation for any damage to it. |
|||
''Poole and Lakeside progress to the grand final'' |
|||
---- |
|||
===Grand final=== |
|||
====First leg==== |
|||
{{footballbox |
|||
|date =[[2008-10-06]] |
|||
|time =19:30 |
|||
|team1 =[[Lakeside Hammers]] |
|||
|score =42 – 48 |
|||
|report =[http://www.worldspeedway.com/artman/publish/article_8091.shtml (Report)] |
|||
|team2 =[[Poole Pirates]] |
|||
|goals1 = |
|||
|goals2 = |
|||
|stadium = [[Arena Essex Raceway]], [[Purfleet]] |
|||
|attendance = |
|||
|referee =Chris Gay |
|||
}} |
|||
{| width="100%" |
|||
|valign="top" width="50%"| |
|||
{| style="font-size: 85%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align=left |
|||
|colspan="4"|'''Lakeside:''' |
|||
|- |
|||
!width="25"| !!width="25"| |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Andreas Jonsson]] ([[Captain (sports)|c]]) || (2,3,0,3,1',3,3) ||align=center| '''15+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leigh Lanham]] || (1',1,1,1,2) ||align=center| '''6+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''3''' ||''Rider replacement'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jonas Davidsson]] || (1,3,2',2,2,0) ||align=center| '''10+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''5'''||{{flagicon|POL}} [[Tomasz Jedrzejak]] || (0,2,1,3,2') ||align=center| '''8+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''6'''||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ricky Kling]] || (1,0,1',1') ||align=center| '''3+2''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|||'''7'''||{{flagicon|POL}} [[Krzysztof Jablonski]] || (0,1',0) ||align=center| '''1+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|colspan=3|'''Manager:''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jon Cook]] |
|||
|} |
|||
{| style="font-size: 85%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align=right |
|||
|colspan="4"|'''Poole:''' |
|||
|- |
|||
!width=25| !!width=25| |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Chris Holder]] || (3,2,2,0) ||align=center| '''7''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Magnus Zetterstrom]] || (0,0,3,1') ||align=center| '''4+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Bjarne Pedersen]] ([[Captain (sports)|c]]) || (2',2',3,3,2) ||align=center| '''12+2''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Skornicki]] || (3,3,f,3,1') ||align=center| '''10+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''5'''||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Davey Watt]] || (3,2,1,1) ||align=center| '''7''' |
|||
|- |
|||
| ||'''6'''||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Freddie Eriksson]] || (2',0,0) ||align=center| '''2+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|||'''7'''||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Daniel Davidsson]] || (3,0,2',0,1') ||align=center| '''6+1''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|colspan=3|'''Manager:''' |
|||
|- |
|||
|colspan=4|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Neil Middleditch]] |
|||
|} |
|||
Article 24 requires citizens to pay taxes. It states that "every person is bound to contribute according to his means towards the public burdens." It also states that no organization may colect a tax without permission in a court.<ref name=text/> |
|||
{{clear}} |
|||
Article 25 ensures that every individual in Cyprus has the write to work, subject to conditions that may be in the law. Article 26 states that people may freely enter into contracts, and avoid be exploited by people with "commanding economic power." |
|||
Article 27 states that, subject to conditions in the law, citizens have a right to take part in [[industrial action]]. It also states that members of the [[armed forces]], [[police]] and [[gendarmerie]] are not allowed to strike.<ref name=text/> |
|||
====Second leg==== |
|||
{{footballbox |
|||
|date =[[2008-10-13]] |
|||
|time =19:30 |
|||
|team1 =[[Poole Pirates]] |
|||
|score = |
|||
|report = |
|||
|team2 =[[Lakeside Hammers]] |
|||
|goals1 = |
|||
|goals2 = |
|||
|stadium =[[Poole Stadium|Wimborne Road]], [[Poole]] |
|||
|attendance = |
|||
|referee = |
|||
}} |
|||
== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist}} |
|||
The top eight rider [[Speedway in the United Kingdom#Green sheet averages|averages]] in the Elite League as of October 1, 2008: |
|||
[[Category:Government of Cyprus]] |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
[[Category:Constitutions|Cyprus]] |
|||
|- |
|||
{{Constitution of Europe}} |
|||
!Rider |
|||
!Average<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.british-speedway.co.uk/elgreensheets08.html | title = 2008 Elite League greensheet averages | publisher = [[BSPA]] | accessdate = 2008-08-12}}</ref> |
|||
!Team |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jason Crump]] |
|||
|align=center|10.80 |
|||
|[[Belle Vue Aces|Belle Vue]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Leigh Adams]] |
|||
|align=center|10.51 |
|||
|[[Swindon Robins|Swindon]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Andreas Jonsson]] |
|||
|align=center|9.61 |
|||
|[[Lakeside Hammers|Lakeside]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Hans Norgaard Andersen|Hans Andersen]] |
|||
|align=center|9.38 |
|||
|[[Coventry Bees|Coventry]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Bjarne Pedersen]] |
|||
|align=center|9.13 |
|||
|[[Poole Pirates|Poole]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Scott Nicholls]] |
|||
|align=center|8.92 |
|||
|[[Eastbourne Eagles|Eastbourne]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Chris Holder]] |
|||
|align=center|8.86 |
|||
|[[Poole Pirates|Poole]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jarosław Hampel]] |
|||
|align=center|8.57 |
|||
|[[Ipswich Witches|Ipswich]] |
|||
|} |
|||
==Elite League Riders Championship== |
|||
===Format=== |
|||
The top 15 highest averaged riders in the Elite League plus one wild card and two reserves take part. There are 20 qulaifying heats, a 'last chance' qualifying heat and a final. The top 2 scorers from the 20 qualifying heats qualify directly for the final. The next top 4 scorers take place in the last chance qualifying heat, with the 1st and 2nd place riders also qualifying to the final.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.super7even.com/elrc.htm | title = Elite League Riders Championship | publisher = [[BSPA]] | accessdate = 2008-08-02}}</ref> |
|||
===Result=== |
|||
*[[2008-10-08]], [[Birmingham Brummies|Birmingham]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Crump wygrał w Birmingham | publisher = SportoweFakty.pl| date = 2008-10-08 | url = http://www.sportowefakty.pl/zuzel/2008/10/08/crump-wygral-w-birmingham/ | accessdate = 2008-10-09 }}</ref> |
|||
*Changes: |
|||
**(5) {{flagicon|POL}} [[Jarosław Hampel]] (IPS) → Janniro |
|||
**(6) {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lee Richardson (speedway rider)|Lee Richardson]] (EAS) → Kennett |
|||
**(8) {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Chris Harris (speedway rider)|Chris Harris]] (COV) → Bjerre |
|||
**(10) {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Scott Nicholls]] (EAS) → Batchelor |
|||
**(11) {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Shields]] (LH) → Davidsson |
|||
**(12) {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Bjarne Pedersen]] (PP) → Watt |
|||
**(13) {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mads Korneliussen]] (SWI) → King |
|||
**(14) {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Andreas Jonsson]] (LH) → Schlein |
|||
**(15) {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Hans N. Andersen]] (PET) → Bridger |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats|x|x|RIDERS= |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|1|2|AUS|[[Jason Crump]]| |3|2|1|3|3| 3 |x|2 |x|3 |GB=BV}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|2|14|AUS|[[Rory Schlein]]| |3|1|1|3|2| 5 |x|3 |x|2 |GB=IPS}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|3|8|DEN|[[Kenneth Bjerre]]| |3|2|3|2|3| 2 |x| |x|1 |GB=PET}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|4|4|AUS|[[Leigh Adams]]| |1|3|3|3|3| 1 |x| |x|0 |GB=SWI}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|5|1|AUS|[[Chris Holder]]| |2|3|3|1|2| 4 |x|1 |x| |GB=PP}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|6|12|AUS|[[Davey Watt]]| |2|1|2|2|3| 6 |x|0 |x| |GB=PP}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|7|15|GBR|[[Lewis Bridger]]| |2|2|3|0|1| |x||x |GB=EAS}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|8|16|DEN|[[Niels Kristian Iversen|Niels K. Iversen]]| |1|0|2|2|2| |x||x |GB=WOL}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|9|13|GBR|[[Daniel King (speedway rider)|Daniel King]]| ||4i=E|2|2|1|2| |x||x |GB=PET}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|10|3|SWE|[[Fredrik Lindgren (speedway rider)|Fredrik Lindgren]]| |0|0|2|3|1| |x||x |GB=WOL}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|11|7|POL|[[Piotr Świderski]]| |0|3|1|0|1| |x||x |GB=IPS}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|12|11|SWE|[[Jonas Davidsson]]| |3|1|0|0|1| |x||x |GB=LH}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|13|10|AUS|[[Troy Batchelor]]| |1|3|0|1|0| |x||x |GB=SWI}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|14|6|GBR|[[Edward Kennett]]| |1|0|1|2|0| |x||x |GB=EAS}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|15|5|USA|[[Billy Janniro]]| |2|0|0|0||20i=-| |x||x |GB=COV}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/rider|16|9|DEN|[[Charlie Gjedde]]| |0|1|0|1|0| |x||x |GB=BV}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/reserve|17|17||[[Jay Herne]]| |20h=r|20p=0 |21h=x|22h=x |GB=}} |
|||
{{Speedway event 20heats/reserve||18||[[Luke Priest]]| |21h=x|22h=x|GB=}} |
|||
}} |
|||
==See also== |
|||
* [[Speedway in the United Kingdom]] |
|||
== References == |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
==External links== |
|||
* [http://www.british-speedway.co.uk British Speedway Promoters Association Website] |
|||
{{Speedway Elite League seasons}} |
|||
{{Speedway Elite League}} |
|||
{{Belle Vue Aces speedway team 2008}} |
|||
{{Coventry Bees speedway team 2008}} |
|||
{{Eastbourne Eagles speedway team 2008}} |
|||
{{Ipswich Witches speedway team 2008}} |
|||
{{Lakeside Hammers speedway team 2008}} |
|||
{{Peterborough Panthers speedway team 2008}} |
|||
{{Poole Pirates speedway team 2008}} |
|||
{{Swindon Robins speedway team 2008}} |
|||
{{Wolverhampton Wolves speedway team 2008}} |
|||
[[Category:Speedway Elite League]] |
|||
[[Category:2008 in speedway|Elite League]] |
|||
{{motorcycle-racing-stub}} |
|||
Revision as of 14:58, 10 October 2008
| Constitution of Cyprus | |
|---|---|
| Ratified | August 16, 1960 |
| Location | Unknown |
| Signatories | Members of the Cypriot government |
| Purpose | National constitution to secure unity between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and provide a framework for the newly independent government. |
.svg) |
|---|
The Constitution of Cyprus is a document, ratified on August 16, 1960, that serves as the framework for the Cypriot government.[1] It was created after the country won its independence in 1959.[2]
The constitution put methods in place to protect Turkish Cypriots, due to the restrictions placed in Article 6 of the document. That article ensured the the Cypriot government has no right to discriminate against either Turkish or Greek Cypriots. The constitution also ensures, in Article 1, that the Vice-President of the country is a Turk and the President is a Greek.[3] In 1964, however, the Cypriot government became dominated by Greeks.[2]
The constitution of the country collapsed, however, in 1963 due to dispute between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots. It was then restored in 1990.[2]
Constitutional breakdown
In 1963, the Constitution broke down as the Turkish Cypriots involved withdrew from the government,[4] and as a result the Greeks took full control of the government in 1965 despite the constitutional safeguards to ensure representation of Turks that has previously existed.[2]
The separation occurred due to the fact that the the two separate racial groups continued to distrust each other after the constitution was signed. Another issue that caused the breakdown was the fact that President Makarios, a Greek Cypriot, supported complete integration between the two racial groups, while Vice President Fazil Küçük, a Turkish Cypriot, supported increased seperation.[2]
In addition, President Makarios, proposed a constitutional change in that year which would remove most of the rights given to Turkish Cypriots. He said that the original constitution prevented the Turks and Greeks "cooperating in the spirit of understanding and friendship."[2]
Restoration
In 1990, the constitution was restored with amendments from 1964 that removed some of the additional rights given to Turkish Cypriots.[2] The restoration took place following meetings, which first took place in 1988, that attempted to remove some of the hostility between the Greeks and Turks. The meetings took place following the election of George Vassiliou as the Cypriot President.[4]
Content
General provisions
The first five articles of the constitution discuss General Provisions.
Article One asserts that Cyprus is an independent republic with a President and that the President and Vice President must be Greeks and Turks respectively. Article three asserts that the official languages of the Republic of Cyprus are Greek and Turkish, and that all officials documents must be published in both languages.[3]
Article four requires that Cyprus "shall have its own flag of neutral design and colour, chosen jointly by the President and the Vice-President of the Republic," while article five states that Greek and Turkish Cypriots have a right to celebrate their holiday's.[3]
Fundamental rights and liberties
Articles 6-35 of the constitution deal with Fundamental Rights and Liberties.
Article six prohibits the discrimination of either Greek or Turkish Cypriots based on their race, while article seven asserts the right to life and states that an individual may only be deprived of his right to life except for when being sentenced by a "competent court" for an offense which provides the death penalty by law.[3]
Article eight banks the issuing inhumane or degrading punishment, and prevents torture, and Article nine sates that "every person has the right to a decent existence and to social security."
Article ten prohibits slavery and and forced labour, in all cases other then in cases of compulsory military service or work while being imprisoned lawfully by the state. It also allows for "any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the inhabitants."
Article eleven contains several limits on who can be imprisoned. It states that people may only be imprisoned when they have been convicted by a court, detained to force them to appear before a court, detained to prevent them from committing an offense or detained to avoid the spread of diseases. The article also ensures that "every person who has been the victim of arrest or detention in contravention of the provisions of this Article shall have an enforceable right to compensation."[3]
Article 12 ensures that Habeas Corpus is followed, that no person may be charged twice for the same offense, that the punishment is proportional to the crime, and that people have the right to a defence while in court.
Article thirteen says that any person has the right to move freely around Cyprus, and leave when they wish, subject to "reasonable conditions" imposed by law, while article fourteen states that no person shall be forced to leave the country.[3]
Article fifteen defines the right to privacy. Is states that every individual has a right to a private life except when infringing on someone's privacy is in accordance of the law and in the national interest. Article sixteen prohibits entering someone's property without their prior consent without an arrest warrant, unless you are rescuing the individual from danger. Article seventeen also discusses privacy, with it's main focus being an individual's right to privacy in all lawful communication.
Articles eighteen, nineteen and 21 secure freedom of speech, religion and assembly respectively, while twenty and 22 deal with the right to free education and marriage.[3]
Article 23 adds to the rights laid out in article sixteen, by allowing citizens of Cyprus to purchase property and receive compensation for any damage to it.
Article 24 requires citizens to pay taxes. It states that "every person is bound to contribute according to his means towards the public burdens." It also states that no organization may colect a tax without permission in a court.[3]
Article 25 ensures that every individual in Cyprus has the write to work, subject to conditions that may be in the law. Article 26 states that people may freely enter into contracts, and avoid be exploited by people with "commanding economic power."
Article 27 states that, subject to conditions in the law, citizens have a right to take part in industrial action. It also states that members of the armed forces, police and gendarmerie are not allowed to strike.[3]