Typha orientalis: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|name = ''Typha orientalis''
|name =
|image = Typha-Orientalis.jpg
|image = Typha-Orientalis.jpg
|image_caption = Leaves and flower spikes of ''Typha orientalis''
|image_caption = Leaves and flower spikes of ''Typha orientalis''
|status = LC
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Zhuang, X. |date=2011 |title=''Typha orientalis'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T168629A6524306 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T168629A6524306.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
⚫
|genus = Typha
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
⚫
|species = orientalis
|ordo = [[Poales]]
⚫
|authority = [[Carl Borivoj Presl|C.Presl]]
|familia = [[Typhaceae]]
|synonyms =
⚫
|genus = ''[[Typha]]''
*''Typha japonica'' <small>Miq.</small>
⚫
|species = '''''T. orientalis'''''
|binomial = ''Typha orientalis''
*''Typha latifolia'' var. ''orientalis'' <small>(C. Presl) Rohrb.</small>
*''Typha muelleri'' <small>Rohrb.</small>
⚫
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Borivoj Presl|C.Presl]]
*''Typha orientalis'' var. ''brunnea'' <small>Skvortsov in Baranov & Skvortsov</small>
⚫
|}}
*''Typha shuttleworthii'' subsp. ''orientalis'' <small>(C. Presl) Graebn.</small>
*''Typha shuttleworthii'' var. ''orientalis'' <small>(C. Presl) Rohrb.</small>
|synonyms_ref =
⚫
}}


'''''Typha orientalis''''', commonly known as '''bulrush''', '''bullrush''', '''cumbungi''' in [[Australia]], or '''raupō''' in [[New Zealand]], is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous]] plant in the [[genus]] ''[[Typha]]''. It can be found in Australia, New Zealand, [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]] and the wider western Pacific.
'''''Typha orientalis''''', commonly known as '''bulrush''', '''cumbungi''',<ref name=FoA>{{cite web | url = https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Typha+orientalis | title = Typha orientalis | publisher = Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra | access-date = 28 March 2020}}</ref> or '''raupō''', is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous]] plant in the [[genus]] ''[[Typha]]''. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, China and the [[Russian Far East]] ([[Sakhalin]] and [[Primorye]]).<ref name="New Zealand Plant Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.asp?ID=2279|title=Distribution}}</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024681 Flora of China, v 23 p 161.]</ref>
<ref name="New Zealand Plant Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.asp?ID=2279|title=Distribution}}</ref>


''T. orientalis'' is a wetland plant that grows on the edges of ponds, lakes and slow flowing rivers and streams.
''T. orientalis'' is a wetland plant that grows on the edges of ponds, lakes, salt marshes, and slow flowing rivers and streams.


==Māori Use==
==Use==
Known as raupō in New Zealand,<ref name="TeAraRaupō">{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Peter |title=Wetlands - Reeds, rushes, sedges and low growers |journal=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |date=24 Sep 2007 |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/wetlands/page-4 |access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> the plant was quite useful to [[Māori people|Māori]]. The [[rhizome]]s were cooked and eaten, while the flowers were baked into cakes. The leaves were used for roofs and walls and occasionally for [[waka (canoe)|canoe]] sails,<ref name="The Cultivation of New Zealand Native Grasses">{{cite book | title=The Cultivation of New Zealand Native Grasses| author=Lawrie Metcalf| year=1998| page=48| publisher=Random House| location=Auckland, New Zealand}}</ref> as well as a material for making [[kite]]s.<ref name="Neich">{{Cite Q|Q58677501}}</ref> Māori introduced the plant to the [[Chatham Islands]].<ref name="New Zealand Plant Network" />
Raupō was quite useful to the [[Māori people|Māori]]. The [[Rhizomes]] were cooked and eaten, while the flowers were baked into cakes.
The leaves were used for roofs and walls and occasionally for canoe sails. <ref name="The Cultivation of New Zealand Native Grasses">{{cite book | title=The Cultivation of New Zealand Native Grasses| last=Lawrie Metcalf| year=1998| page=48| publisher=Random House| location=Auckland, New Zealand}}</ref>
The Māori introduced raupō to the [[Chatham Islands]].


[[File:Habitation Maori 1998-3174-139.jpg|thumb|left|A traditional Māori whare (house)]]
[[File:Habitation Maori 1998-3174-139.jpg|thumb|left|A traditional Māori whare (house)]]
{{Clear|left}}
{{Clear|left}}

==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q3546132}}


⚫
[[Category:Typha|orientalis]]

[[Category:Inflorescence vegetables]]
{{Poales-stub}}
{{grass-stub}}

⚫
[[Category:Typhaceae]]
⚫
[[Category:Poales genera]]
[[Category:Root vegetables]]
[[Category:Root vegetables]]
[[Category:Inflorescence vegetables]]
[[Category:Flora of Malesia]]
[[Category:Flora of Australia]]
⚫
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Korea]]
[[Category:Flora of Mongolia]]
[[Category:Flora of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Flora of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Flora of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of Russia]]
[[Category:Flora of the Kermadec Islands]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Borivoj Presl]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1851]]

Latest revision as of 21:28, 24 March 2024

Typha orientalis
Leaves and flower spikes of Typha orientalis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Typhaceae
Genus: Typha
Species:
T. orientalis
Binomial name
Typha orientalis
Synonyms
  • Typha japonica Miq.
  • Typha latifolia var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.
  • Typha muelleri Rohrb.
  • Typha orientalis var. brunnea Skvortsov in Baranov & Skvortsov
  • Typha shuttleworthii subsp. orientalis (C. Presl) Graebn.
  • Typha shuttleworthii var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Typha orientalis, commonly known as bulrush, cumbungi,[2] or raupō, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Typha. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, China and the Russian Far East (Sakhalin and Primorye).[3][4]

T. orientalis is a wetland plant that grows on the edges of ponds, lakes, salt marshes, and slow flowing rivers and streams.

Use[edit]

Known as raupō in New Zealand,[5] the plant was quite useful to Māori. The rhizomes were cooked and eaten, while the flowers were baked into cakes. The leaves were used for roofs and walls and occasionally for canoe sails,[6] as well as a material for making kites.[7] Māori introduced the plant to the Chatham Islands.[3]

A traditional Māori whare (house)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Zhuang, X. (2011). "Typha orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T168629A6524306. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T168629A6524306.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Typha orientalis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Distribution".
  4. ^ Flora of China, v 23 p 161.
  5. ^ Johnson, Peter (24 Sep 2007). "Wetlands - Reeds, rushes, sedges and low growers". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  6. ^ Lawrie Metcalf (1998). The Cultivation of New Zealand Native Grasses. Auckland, New Zealand: Random House. p. 48.
  7. ^ Neich, Roger (1996). "New Zealand Maori Barkcloth and Barkcloth Beaters". Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum. 33: 111–158. ISSN 0067-0464. JSTOR 42906461. Wikidata Q58677501.
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