Vickers F.B.5
The Vickers F.B.5 "Gunbus" was the first operational British aircraft purpose-built for air-to-air combat, making it debatably the world's first true fighter aircraft. The F.B.5 (Fighting Biplane 5) was a two-seat pusher biplane armed with a single Lewis gun operated by the observer in the front of the nacelle. It first flew in July 1914 and entered service with No. 5 Squadron RFC on 5 February 1915. No. 11 Squadron RFC became the world's first fighter squadron when, fully equipped with the F.B.5, it deployed to Villers-Bretonneux, France on 25 July, 1915. No. 18 Squadron RFC, which deployed to France in November 1915, also operated the F.B.5 exclusively.
The F.B.5 was Vickers only significant operational aircraft of the First World War, the Vickers Vimy entering service too late to have an impact. The F.B.5 was developed from the line of Vickers' "Experimental Fighting Biplanes", starting with the Type 18 "Destroyer" (Vickers E.F.B.1) which had been demonstrated in 1913 armed with a single belt-fed Maxim machine gun. The F.B.5 was powered by a single 100-hp Gnome Monosoupape 9-cylinder rotary engine driving a two-bladed propeller. The F.B.5's performance was mediocre and by the end of 1915 it was thoroughly out-classed by the German scouts, in particular the emerging Fokker Eindecker.
In total 224 F.B.5s were produced, 119 in Britain by Vickers, 99 in France and 6 in Denmark. In 1916 it was replaced by the marginally improved Vickers F.B.9. Despite its moderate effectiveness, the Vickers F.B.5 did have a lasting legacy as German pilots continued to refer to British pusher aircraft as "Vickers-types". Many victories over DH.2 or F.E.2 pushers were reported as destruction of a "Vickers".
Specifications
General Characteristics
- Crew: two, pilot & observer/gunner
- Length: 27 ft 2 in (8.28 m)
- Wingspan: 36 ft 6 in (11.13 m)
- Height: 11 ft 6 in (3.51 m)
- Wing area: 382 ft² ( m²)
- Empty: lb ( kg)
- Loaded: 2,050 lb (930 kg)
- Maximum takeoff: lb ( kg)
- Powerplant: 1x Gnome Monosoupape 9-cylinder rotary engine, 100 hp ( kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 70 mph (113 km/h) at 5,000 ft
- Range: endurance of 4 hours 30 minutes
- Service ceiling: 9,000 ft (2,743 m)
- Rate of climb: 16 min to 5,000 ft
- Wing loading: lb/ft² ( kg/m²)
- Power/Mass: hp/lb ( kW/kg)
Armament
Related content
Related development: Vickers E.F.B.1 - Vickers F.B.9
Comparable aircraft: Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2
Designation sequence: E.F.B.1 - F.B.5 - F.B.9