The Hebrew Prophets, nabiy' and Norteños: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Nortenotag.jpg|frame|right|Norteno Graffiti in Yuma AZ]] |
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{{for|the blues singers|blues shouter}} |
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'''Shouters''' may be the literal translation of the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] term '''Neb'im''' (See [[Abraham Joshua Heschel]] ''The Prophets'' for a critique of this view). The term appears in the [[Books of Samuel]] where it describes a group of individuals who roam around playing [[music]] and acting in an [[ecstatic]] fashion. In many [[English translations of the Bible]] they are simply described as ''prophets''. [[Samuel (Bible)|Samuel]] is identified as their leader by one passage in the text, though some [[textual criticism|textual scholars]] considers this passage as having originated in a separate source (the ''monarchial source'') to another in which they are seemingly fairly independent from Samuel (the ''republican source''). The hypothesis goes as to say in the ''monarchial source'', the expression ''Is Saul among the Prophets?'' is explained as having originated when [[Saul the King|Saul]] met the Neb'im, and joined in their activities (the ''republican source'' gives a different explanation for the phrase). taken'<ref>{{JewishEncyclopedia}}</ref>. |
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The '''Norteños''' (''[[Spanish language|Spanish]]'': for ''"Northerners"''), also '''Norte''', are affiliated with [[Nuestra Familia]] (Our Family), are a coalition of traditionally [[Latino]] [[gang]]s in [[Northern California]]<ref name="Press Democrat">{{cite web|url = http://www.pressdemocrat.com/pelican/0421_main.html| title = Federal indictments crack vast prison crime ring|publisher = The Press Democrat|accessdate = 2001-02-21}}</ref>. A member of these gangs is a '''Norteño''' (male) or '''Norteña''' (female); based on Spanish usage. Northern Californians who are not gang members, but feel a strong cultural affiliation with others in Northern California, may also refer to themselves as Norteños/Norteñas or simply "Northerners." |
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<references /> |
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The traditional rivals of the Norteños are the [[Sureños]] ("Southerners")<ref name="LA Times">{{cite web|url = http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-adme-gangs24feb24,0,2583830.story| title = Small towns, big gang issues|publisher = LA Times|accessdate = 2008-02-24}}</ref>. The statewide dividing line between Norteños and Sureños has roughly been accepted as the rural community of [[Delano, California]]<ref name="LA Times">{{cite web|url = http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-adme-gangs24feb24,0,2583830.story| title = Small towns, big gang issues|publisher = LA Times|accessdate = 2008-02-24}}</ref>. Norteños may refer to Northern California as ''Norte'', Spanish for "north". |
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[[es:Nebiísmo]] |
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{{Tanakh-stub}} |
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==History== |
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In the late [[1960s]], [[Mexican-American]] (Chicano) inmates of the [[California]] state [[prison]] system began to separate into two rival groups, Norteños (''northerners'')<ref name="Press Democrat">{{cite web|url = http://www.pressdemocrat.com/pelican/0421_main.html| title = Federal indictments crack vast prison crime ring|publisher = The Press Democrat|accessdate = 2001-02-21}}</ref> and [[Sureños]] (''southerners''), according to the locations of their hometowns (the north-south dividing line is near [[Delano, California]]). |
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Norteños affiliated with Nuestra Familia were prison enemies of the Southern Latinos who comprised La Eme, better known as the [[Mexican Mafia]]. While the Mexican Mafia had initially been created to protect Mexicans in prison, there was a perceived level of abuse by members of La Eme towards the imprisoned Latinos from rural farming areas of Northern California<ref name="Herald">{{cite web|url = http://nuestrafamiliaourfamily.org/pages/MCHhennessey.html| title = AN END TO THE CYCLE|publisher = Monterey County Herald|accessdate = 2003-11-23}}</ref>. The spark that led to the ongoing war between Norteños and members of the Mexican Mafia involved a situation in which a member of La Eme allegedly stole a pair of shoes from a Northerner. This event put into motion the longest-running gang war in the state of California.<ref name="Herald">{{cite web|url = http://nuestrafamiliaourfamily.org/pages/MCHhennessey.html| title = AN END TO THE CYCLE|publisher = Monterey County Herald|accessdate = 2003-11-23}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of California street gangs]] |
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* [[Nuestra Familia]] |
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* [[Mexican Mafia]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.elandar.com/online_stories/12_03/story_gangs.html "Nuestra Familia" (Our Family)] |
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*[http://www.nuestrafamiliaourfamily.org/ "Nuestra Familia, Our Family," the documentary Center for Investigative Reporting, 2005] |
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[[Category:Modern street gangs]] |
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[[Category:Gangs in California]] |
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[[Category:Hispanic gangs]] |
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[[Category:Prison gangs]] |
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[[Category:Organized crime groups in the United States]] |
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Revision as of 23:02, 10 October 2008
The Norteños (Spanish: for "Northerners"), also Norte, are affiliated with Nuestra Familia (Our Family), are a coalition of traditionally Latino gangs in Northern California[1]. A member of these gangs is a Norteño (male) or Norteña (female); based on Spanish usage. Northern Californians who are not gang members, but feel a strong cultural affiliation with others in Northern California, may also refer to themselves as Norteños/Norteñas or simply "Northerners."
The traditional rivals of the Norteños are the Sureños ("Southerners")[2]. The statewide dividing line between Norteños and Sureños has roughly been accepted as the rural community of Delano, California[2]. Norteños may refer to Northern California as Norte, Spanish for "north".
History
In the late 1960s, Mexican-American (Chicano) inmates of the California state prison system began to separate into two rival groups, Norteños (northerners)[1] and Sureños (southerners), according to the locations of their hometowns (the north-south dividing line is near Delano, California).
Norteños affiliated with Nuestra Familia were prison enemies of the Southern Latinos who comprised La Eme, better known as the Mexican Mafia. While the Mexican Mafia had initially been created to protect Mexicans in prison, there was a perceived level of abuse by members of La Eme towards the imprisoned Latinos from rural farming areas of Northern California[3]. The spark that led to the ongoing war between Norteños and members of the Mexican Mafia involved a situation in which a member of La Eme allegedly stole a pair of shoes from a Northerner. This event put into motion the longest-running gang war in the state of California.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Federal indictments crack vast prison crime ring". The Press Democrat. Retrieved 2001-02-21.
- ^ a b "Small towns, big gang issues". LA Times. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
- ^ a b "AN END TO THE CYCLE". Monterey County Herald. Retrieved 2003-11-23.