Transition system

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The transition system refers to several one-year educational offers, namely the basic vocational training year , vocational preparation year and career entry year , which officially promote the training maturity after the general school leaving certificate (or failure to attain the same) and are intended to facilitate the transition to vocational training in the dual system , but are in fact simply mandatory for everyone School leavers (mainly secondary school leavers with and without qualifications) who have not found a training position and have not yet completed their compulsory schooling. For the latter reason, it is often referred to as a queue and is subject to critical discussion.

The extremely heterogeneous transition system is described in the national education reports as one of the three sectors of the vocational training system in addition to the dual system (in-company or external training in accordance with the Vocational Training Act or Crafts Code with accompanying vocational school instruction) and the school occupation system (training in a legally recognized occupation in full-time school form) Germany designated. While in 1995 only 31.9% of all new entrants in these three sectors were accounted for by the transition system, its share rose continuously to 42.7% by 2003. The transition system thus expanded significantly within a few years, while the proportions of the dual system fell sharply and that of the school-based occupation system slightly. Since 2003 the importance of the transition system has decreased again due to the demographic development and the improved training place situation since 2009 (2008: 34.1%). In 2009, however, around 347,000 young people started a transitional measure between school and vocational training. According to estimates by experts, this leads to costs of over 4 billion euros annually. Often it is young people from less privileged families who have problems choosing a career and finding training.

A survey of around 550 experts as part of a study by the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) and the Bertelsmann Foundation showed the following results: 89% of the experts state that the use of financial resources and personnel in the transition system is not effective. More than three quarters criticize the fact that the numerous different measures and training courses can now hardly be overlooked. Despite all the necessary reforms, 81% of those surveyed consider the transition system to be fundamentally indispensable. Among the reform proposals, the most frequently mentioned were improved profiling of young people and better support in looking for a job, as well as an expansion of the practical parts of the company.

literature

  • H.-Hugo Kremer, Karin Büchter, Franz Gramlinger: Professional teaching / learning processes. For measuring the vocational training landscape. In: bwp @, issue 14, June 2008 ( online ).
  • Ulrich Thöne, Stephanie Odenwald: Generation deported. Waiting loops and endless loops between education and employment. Data and arguments on the transition system . Bertelsmann, Bielefeld 2007.
  • Dieter Münk, Josef Rützel, Christian Schmidt: Labyrinth transition system. Research yields and development prospects of the promotion of the disadvantaged between school, training, work and profession . Pahl-Rugenstein, 2008.
  • Aladin El-Mafaalani: Without a school leaving certificate or training place. Concept development and process control in the promotion of disadvantaged people . Marburg 2010.
  • Karin Langenkamp, ​​Markus Linten: Selected bibliography "Transitions: Young people on the first and second threshold" : Compilation from: Literature database for vocational education (www.ldbb.de). Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training, Bonn 2017 ( online ).
  • Markus Linten, Sabine Prüstel: Selected bibliography "Transition system and transition management: Studies, reports and research contributions" : Compilation from: Literature database for vocational education (www.ldbb.de). Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training, Bonn 2013 ( online ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. H.-Hugo Kremer, Karin Büchter and Franz Gramlinger: Vocational teaching / learning processes - To measure the vocational training landscape , in: bwp @ issue 14, June 2008, http://www.bwpat.de/ausgabe14/kohl_kramer_bwpat14.shtml
  2. ^ BIBB / Bertelsmann Stiftung authors group: Reform of the transition from school to vocational training. Current suggestions in the verdict of vocational training experts and young people , January 2011, http://www.bibb.de/veroeffnahmungen/de/publication/seriesitem/id/8