11 × 59 mm rows

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11 × 59 mm rows
11 mm grass & Chassepot.jpg
general information
caliber 11 mm
Sleeve shape Bottle neck sleeve
Dimensions
Sleeve shoulder ⌀ 11.80 mm
Sleeve neck ⌀ 13.46 mm
Floor ⌀ 11.25 mm
Cartridge bottom ⌀ 16.76 mm
Sleeve length 59.45 mm
Cartridge length 76.68 mm
Weights
Technical specifications
Speed ​​v 0 455 m / s
Max. Gas pressure 1800 bar
Bullet energy E 0 2580 J.
Lists on the subject

The 11 × 59 mm R (or 11 mm grass ) cartridge is the first modern French metal cartridge . It was developed from 1871 for the Gras Model 1874 single rear-loading rifle .

development

11 mm grass in the loading recess of the grass gun

The 11 × 59 mm R cartridge was developed after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 as a reaction to the French defeat suffered by France despite the Chassepot rifle . Metal cartridges with center fire ignition were already common in the USA and the Bavarian Werder rifle also used this type of ammunition.

The 11 mm caliber of the Chassepot rifle was retained as the first grass rifles were converted from Chassepot rifles (Mle. 1866/74). The 11 mm grass used a brass case with a round head bullet made of lead and had Berdan ignition. The cartridge was used together with the rifles well into the First World War. It was even used as machine gun ammunition and as armor-piercing ammunition. For use against balloons and airships , the British converted Vickers machine guns to the 11 × 59 mm R cartridge, which was then referred to as 11 × 59 mm Vickers with a fire bullet.

variants

  • Model 1874
  • Cartridge model 1879 CE (with felt)
  • Model 1879/83 NF ("Nouvelle forme", New Form)
  • Model 1879 CR
  • Model 1879/83, hard core bullet
  • Model 1879/83, incendiary / tracer bullet

Further developments

The direct descendant of the 11 × 59 mm R is the 8 × 50 mm R Lebel cartridge , which was developed from the 11 × 59 mm R by pulling in the case mouth to 8 mm.

literature

  • Frank C. Barnes: 11x59mmR French Gras / 11x59mm Vickers . In: Richard A. Mann (Ed.): Cartridges of the World: A Complete Illustrated Reference for More Than 1,500 Cartridges . Krause Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4402-4642-5 , pp. 394 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Commons : 11 × 59 mm R  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • 11x59 grass. In: deutsches-jagd-lexikon.de. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g 11 x 59 R Gras ( Memento from May 14, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) at municion.org, accessed on May 14, 2018 (Spanish)
  2. ↑ a b c The French Model 1874 Gras Rifle. In: gunsandammo.com. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .
  3. ↑ 11 mm grass M-1874/86 data sheet from LHS-Germany GmbH (online-PDF 57.4 KB) ( Memento from May 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Frank C. Barnes: 11x59mmR French Gras / 11x59mm Vickers . In: Richard A. Mann (Ed.): Cartridges of the World: A Complete Illustrated Reference for More Than 1,500 Cartridges . Krause Publications, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4402-4642-5 , pp. 394 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Anthony G. Williams: The .5 "Vickers guns and ammunition. In: quarryhs.co.uk. November 2012, accessed on May 14, 2018 (English).
  6. ↑ Chuck Hawks: 8x50R Lebel (8mm Lebel). www.chuckhawks.com, accessed May 16, 2018 .