3D camera

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Example of an image with distance information from a 3D camera

3D cameras are camera systems that - in contrast to normal analog or digital cameras, which display gray levels or color values ​​of the objects, to temperature cameras (display of surface temperatures) or false color cameras (e.g. infrared cameras, spectral cameras) - the pictorial representation of distances from a allow whole scene.

On the one hand, 3D cameras are used to convey a spatial impression to the viewer (especially stereo systems ). On the other hand, they are used in technology for measurement or control / automation. Different systems can achieve a 3D representation of their environment:

  • Stereo cameras : The surroundings are recorded with two cameras at the same time. The distance between the camera lenses usually corresponds to the human eye distance. The resulting pair of images is presented to the viewer's eyes separately, creating a spatial impression. The images can also be processed in a computer and the distance to objects can be measured.
  • Triangulation systems in which a light source depicts a defined pattern on the object. A camera records this pattern from a different angle and calculates the distance from the distortion.
  • TOF cameras which use the transit time measurement of the light to determine the distance. An example of a ToF camera is the PMD sensor .
  • Interferometry: These systems work with interference between a measuring beam and an object beam. Due to the very short wavelengths, the smallest distance resolutions can be achieved with these systems.
  • Light field cameras : With these cameras, at the expense of the resolution with the help of microlens arrays, in addition to the brightness of an image point, the direction of light of the rays that lead to an image point is recorded. From this data, an image can then not only be refocused afterwards,but also a depth map can be calculated. This has z. B. the company Raytrix GmbH commercialized.

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