9 inch M1867 cannon
| 9 inch M1867 cannon | |
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| General Information | |
| Military designation: | 9-дюймовая пушка обр. 1867 г |
| Manufacturer country: |
.svg){kind=small} German Empire Russia.svg){kind=small}
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| Developer / Manufacturer: | Krupp Obuchow works |
| Development year: | 1861 |
| Production time: | 1864 1867 to 1879 |
| Number of pieces: | 54 |
| Weapon Category: | cannon |
| Technical specifications | |
| Pipe length: | 4.572 m 3, 962 m |
| Caliber : |
229 mm |
| Number of trains : | 32 |
| Elevation range: | −4 / + 8.5 degrees |
| Furnishing | |
| Closure Type : | Cylindro-prismatic (round wedge) locking system Krupp |
| Charging principle: | Grenade and propellant bag |
The 9-inch cannon M1867 (Russian: 9-дюймовая пушка обр. 1867 г, after switching to the metric system: 229-мм орудие обр. 1867 г.) was a gun in the Russian Empire. It was used in the navy as a ship gun and in coastal defense.
history
As a result of the Polish Revolution of 1863, Russia feared political entanglements with the Western powers and Tsar Alexander II felt compelled to bring its coastal defense systems up to date at short notice. For this reason and because of the experience that had been made in 1861 with a Krupp nine-inch test tube, Russia ordered 16 nine-inch and 88 eight-inch rifled cast steel muzzle-loading guns based on the French system from the Krupp company.
However, in order to be able to gain more information about the performance of the guns, a nine-inch tube was preferred in production, which was subjected to rigorous testing in Petersburg after completion. The pipe weighed 7531 kg and was equipped with so-called shunt pulls (push or parallel pulls). It was shot with 122.7 kg bullets and a powder charge of 20.5 kg. The projectiles were provided with zinc pins.
These tests showed that the gun system selected was inadequate and could not perform as expected.
The Krupp breech loading system has now also been tested by Russia; When this proved to be superior to the drawn muzzle-loader, the Russian client changed the entire order placed in 1863 to drawn breech-loaders with the simple Keupp wedge lock (prismatic wedge).
The cooperation of the Krupp design engineers with the Russian inspection officers led to the realization that greater performance could be expected from the pipes by using a slower burning powder and a corresponding pipe construction. These considerations ultimately led to the construction of the so-called ring barrel cannons. In 1866 the construction was carried out and tested for the first time on an eight-inch tube. In parallel to the development of the pipe, the simple flat wedge, which could no longer withstand the higher loads, was redesigned into the so-called Krupp round wedge (cylindrical-prismatic wedge).
After the tests were completed, 25 eight-inch ring cannons and one nine-inch ring cannon were ordered by Russia for experimental purposes. The eight-inch tubes were given a ring layer, while the nine-inch tube was provided with two ring layers.
Due to the good results achieved with the nine-inch test cannon, an order for 62 nine-inch cannons was placed in 1868.
Around 1870 Russia also began to manufacture its own cannons. A corresponding cannon was exhibited as early as 1870 at the industrial exhibition in St. Petersburg. It was a drawn nine-inch cast steel breech-loader with two layers of rings. However, this was not provided with the Krupp round wedge, but with the French screw cap.
construction
The 9-inch M1867 cannon had a one-piece barrel made of cast steel that was reinforced with two layers of shrunk-on rings. A round wedge lock (cylindrical-prismatic wedge lock system Krupp) was used as a lock. The length of the tube was 4572 mm, which corresponds to 20 calibers. The weapons built from 1868 onwards had a length of 3962 mm (17.3 caliber). The tube had 32 puffs with a depth of 2.8 mm. The weight of the weapon with breech differed depending on the version. The guns manufactured by Krupp weighed 15,070 kg, those manufactured in the Obuchow works weighed 15,225 kg.
The weapons fired lead-jacketed projectiles with a weight of 122 to 124 kg and a length of 2 to 2.5 calibers. The HE grenades contained a charge of 2.5 to 4.5 kg of black powder each and had an impact fuse. The armor-piercing shells were filled with 0.8 kg of black powder each and had no detonator. The lead jacket was necessary in order to be able to guide the projectile in the barrel of the cannon in a gastight manner. Shells made of steel with a thin lead coating were tested, but not introduced, nor were the projectiles tested in the 1880s, each with three guide rings made of copper. A grape bullet was officially introduced on November 24, 1876. It weighed 79.44 kg and contained 72 spheres 55.4 mm in diameter, each weighing 836 g.
Black powder was also used as a propellant. Initially, the propellant charges procured for the 9-inch cannon were used. With a propellant weight of 19.45 kg, a muzzle velocity of 386 m / s was achieved. For the newly built cannons the propellant charge consisted of 30.7 kg of black powder, which resulted in a muzzle velocity of 417 m / s; from the 1870s from 21.3 kg. The use of the strong propellant charge was only allowed in times of war. With a muzzle velocity of 409 m / s and a pipe elevation of 8 ° 40 ', a range of 3704 m was achieved, with a pipe elevation of + 19 ° the range was 6400 m.
Since effective tube brakes were not available at the time, the cannons were placed on a mount developed by Major General Pestich with a Vavasseur slide , the angle of inclination of the slide was 1.5 °. The elevation range was −4 ° to + 8.5 °. A screw was used as a straightening drive, which took 2 min 15 s to bring the pipe from an elevation of −4 ° to an elevation of 8.5 °. The lower mount was designed as a pivot mount. The weight of the upper mount was 2602 kg, that of the lower mount 2641 kg.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Original design with smooth tube
- ↑ a b New construction / modernization with drawn tube
- ^ General military newspaper. Volume 40, Eduard Zermin, Darmstadt / Leipzig 1865, p. 379.
- ^ General military newspaper. Volume 40, Eduard Zermin, Darmstadt / Leipzig 1865, p. 379.
- ↑ W. Berdrow: Alfred Krupp and his race. Paul Schmidt, Berlin 1937, p. 119.
- ↑ Diedrich Baedecker: Alfred Krupp and the development of the cast steel factory in Essen. GD Baedecker, Essen 1889, p. 78.
- ↑ Diedrich Baedecker: Alfred Krupp and the development of the cast steel factory in Essen. GD Baedecker, Essen 1889. p. 79.
- ↑ Diedrich Baedecker: Alfred Krupp and the development of the cast steel factory in Essen. GD Baedecker, Essen, p. 90.
- ↑ P. Ritter von Tanner: Russia's coal and steel industry. Published by Arthur Felix, Leipzig 1871, p. 177.
Web links
- Information about the gun (Russian)