Obukhov factory

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Obukhov factory in 1902
Former weapons workshops (2016)

The Obukhov plant ( Russian Обуховский завод ) in Saint Petersburg (street address: Обуховской Обороны проспект 129) was once one of the largest companies in the Russian and Soviet armaments industry . It was founded in 1863 by the engineers Pawel Matwejewitsch Obuchow and Nikolai Iwanowitsch Putilow and the merchant SG Kudrjawzew. The plant manufactured steel products using the Obukhov method and became a national center for metallurgy . After Obuchov's death in 1869, the plant was named after him. The Imperial Russian Navy officially became the owner in 1886, although it had in fact been since the late 1860s. The plant produced various guns for the Imperial Russian Navy and Imperial Russian Army , from light field guns to heavy guns. For heavy marine guns - such as the 305 mm L / 52 cannon M1907 - Obuchow was the sole manufacturer and enjoyed a monopoly. The weapons of the Obukhov plant formed an essential part of the Russian armament in the First World War (1914-1918). From the 1890s, the plant manufactured ammunition and armor plates. Other products were edged weapons , drawing instruments , turning tools , surgical instruments , axles for railroad cars and shafts for steamships . After the October Revolution in 1917, the factory repaired steam locomotives and railroad cars. In 1922 it was renamed the Bolshevik Factory (Factory No. 232). For the construction of the Moscow Metro (from 1931) the plant provided various components, e.g. B. escalators .

At the time of the Weimar Republic , the relationship between Germany and the Soviet Union normalized ; in the early 1930s the plant was modernized with German help. The Bolshevik plant was the cradle of the Soviet tank industry . It was responsible for almost all of the Soviet Union's tank production in the 1920s. The T-18 , the first Soviet tank to be built in large series, was built from 1928 to 1931, and from 1930 the T-26 . In order to accelerate the construction of the tanks, the Revolutionary War Council reorganized the Bolshevik plant: The tank construction division was spun off in 1932 into the newly built Voroshilov plant (administrative: Factory No. 174). The development office for tanks (OKMO) was set up as an independent factory No. 185 (Kirow).

In the 1930s, naval guns and the 76 mm division cannon M1902 / 30 were produced. During the Second World War , Leningrad was cordoned off by the German Wehrmacht ( Leningrad Blockade ). The Bolshevik factory turned to repairing guns, and regimental cannons were still being produced.

After the war, the plant produced parts for nuclear power plants and was involved in various space programs. In 1992 one returned to the previous name Obuchow-Werk . The plant is a subsidiary of the armaments group Almas-Antei (as of 2018). The products are components for the oil industry , mining and electrical power engineering , as well as a wide range of antennas for civil and military applications.

Web links

Commons : Obuchow-Werk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Spencer Tucker: Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact , Verlag ABC-CLIO , 2004, ISBN 978-1-57607-995-9 , p. 236 [1]
  2. ↑ a b c Obukhovsky Plant in: Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg , Culture Committee of St. Petersburg
  3. ^ Walter Scott Dunn: The Soviet Economy and the Red Army, 1930-1945 , Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995, ISBN 978-0-275-94893-1 , p. 129 [2]
  4. ^ A b Walter Scott Dunn: Hitler's Nemesis: The Red Army, 1930–45 , Stackpole Books, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4617-5115-1 , pp. 108–109 [3]
  5. ↑ Steven J. Zaloga: T-26 Light Tank: Backbone of the Red Army , Osprey Publishing , 2015, ISBN 978-1-4728-0626-0 , pp. 6-7 [4]
  6. ↑ Steven J. Zaloga: T-26 Light Tank: Backbone of the Red Army , Osprey Publishing , 2015, ISBN 978-1-4728-0626-0 , page 12 [5]
  7. ↑ David R. Stone: Hammer and Rifle: The Militarization of the Soviet Union, 1926-1933 , University Press of Kansas, 2000, ISBN 978-0-7006-1037-2 , p. 194 [6]
  8. ↑ Steven J. Zaloga: Soviet Tank Designations in: Armor , November-December 1982
  9. ^ Walter Scott Dunn: Stalin's Keys to Victory: The Rebirth of the Red Army , Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN 978-0-275-99067-1 , p. 30 [7]
  10. ↑ Bloomberg LP : Company Overview of GOZ Obukhovsky plans OJSC