Nikolai Ivanovich Putilov

Nikolai Ivanovich Putilov

Nikolai Ivanovich Putilov ( Russian Николай Иванович Путилов * 1820 in the village Jerjuchino in Borovichi , † April 18 ^{. Jul} / the thirtieth April  1880 ^greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian entrepreneur and Metallurg .

Life

Putilov, son of a small aristocratic invalids of the war in 1812 , graduated in 1840 his officer training in the Navy - Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg , and then remained there as mathematics -Dozent. He published an essay on an error in Cauchy's integral calculus . As Ostrogradski's assistant, he studied ballistics problems and published with Ostrogradski. For health reasons he was transferred to the Crimea to the Military Engineer Corps in 1843 and was responsible for the construction of various objects. In 1848 he returned to St. Petersburg and became a civil servant for special assignments with the director of the naval and shipbuilding department.

In 1854, during the Crimean War , Putilov was recommended as a capable organizer to the head of the Naval Ministry, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolajewitsch , who organized the defense of Kronstadt against the Anglo - French fleet . Under the conditions of the Anglo-French blockade, Putilov used the method of network planning to organize the production of steam engines , boilers and materials in the St. Petersburg workshops for screw gunboats , corvettes and clippers . He also took care of training the unemployed and hiring them as mechanics. In May 1855, the first 32 screw cannon boats equipped with Putilov's steam engines were launched in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Finland . In the following eight months, 35 gunboats and 14 corvettes and clippers were built. To this end, he built three floating docks and repair workshops in the Kronstadt powder factory . It did not cause any additional expenditure and even achieved a saving of 4%. For his achievements, he was appointed Chief Officer for special orders and council of nobles (7 nobility rank in the ranking table ) and was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus 2nd class. The entrepreneurs presented him with a silver wreath with 81 leaves on which the names of the ships Putilov built were engraved.

PM Obukhov and NI Putilov

In 1857 Putilov resigned from civil service. With credit from the Navy Department, he reorganized four plants in Finland and supplied quality boiler steel to replace British ones. He was the first in Russia to begin smelting scrap metal on an industrial scale. In 1863, together with the metallurgist PM Obuchow and the merchant of the 1st guild SG Kudrjawzew, he organized the construction of a steelworks on the site of the former cotton spinning mill Alexander factory not far from St. Petersburg on the Neva bank near the Nikolaibahn , which took place after Obuchov's death Name Obuchow-Werk received. Putilov held a third of the share capital. On behalf of the government, he developed a method for making grenades from hardened steel, thereby breaking the monopoly of German manufacturers. In 1868 he bought a bankrupt foundry - and engineering company , in 1872 as Putilov factory base founded by Putilov society Putilov was. In this factory steel and weapons were now produced, which ended the dependence on England.

The harsh winter of 1867–1868 brought rail traffic to a standstill as the imported rails broke in the cold. Putilow solved the problem with a rail that was optimized in terms of strength , toughness and operating properties , which was also 30% cheaper than the English or German ones. Within weeks, the rail manufacturing plant was set up and rails rolled ( Putilov's production layout scheme , which was used again during the German attack in 1941 for the relocation of the works behind the Urals ). In 1870 the Putilov Railway Cooperative was established to secure the transport routes for production delivery in St. Petersburg.

Putilov published many technical work and made inventions in particular for steel making and the process in the Bessemer converter , for deep drawing of artillery grenades and using old rails in building construction . He was now a Real Councilor of State (4th nobility rank). In 1869 Putilov began preparing his last project to build a sea ​​port and a sea canal from St. Petersburg to the island of Kotlin . In 1874, Tsar Alexander II approved the sea canal, and Putilov and comrades received the order. After the death of his Putilows perfect companions P. A. Borejsza and SP Maximowitsch the project. In 1885 the canal was opened and construction of the new commercial seaport began.

Putilov was buried on the embankment of the new seaport, as he wanted, and his workers carried the coffin there on the long journey of over 13 miles. Tsar Alexander II would have agreed to a funeral in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg's Peter and Paul Fortress . In 1907 Putilov and his wife Yekaterina Ivanovna were reburied in the new factory church under the altar. In Soviet times, the altar was torn down, and while the foundations were being built for a press, the coffins were discovered and burned in the heater. The Putilov Church was preserved and serves as a church again.

literature

• The manufacturer NI Putilow (Nekrolog) . Vzemirnaja Illustrazija 1880, No. 592, pp. 391–393 (Russian, accessed April 20, 2016).
• M. Mitelman, B. Glebow, A. Ulyanski: The history of the Putilow factory 1917–1945 . Moscow 1966 (Russian).
• S. Kostyuchenko, I. Chrenow, J. Fjodorow: The history of the Kirov factory 1801-1917 . Moscow 1961 (Russian).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Putilow, Nikolai Ivanovich . Russki Biografitscheski Slowar, St. Petersburg, Moscow 1896–1918.
2. ^ The section steel and mechanical engineering works of NI Putilov . Vsemirnaja Illustrazija 1869, No. 29, pp. 39–42 (Russian, accessed April 20, 2016).
3. ^ Section steel (Russian, accessed April 20, 2016).
4. ↑ The St. Petersburg Sea Canal . Vzemirnaja Illustrazija 1881, No. 666, pp. 297–298 (Russian, accessed April 20, 2016).
5. ↑ W. Smirnow: Am Damm des Seekanals ( Memento of the original from May 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Sankt-Peterburgskije Vedomosti No. 175, September 17, 2010 (Russian, accessed April 20, 2016).