Michail Wassiljewitsch Ostrogradsky
Mikhail Ostrogradsky ( Ukrainian Михайло Васильович Остроградський Mychajlo Wassyljowytsch Ostrohradskyj , scientific. Transliteration Mihajlo Vasil'ovič Ostrograds'kij , Russian Михаил Васильевич Остроградский Michael Vasilyevich Ostrogradski ; born September 12 . Jul / 24. September 1801 greg. In Poltava ; † 20th December 1861 jul. / January 1, 1862 greg. Ibid) was a Ukrainian - Russian mathematician .
Life
From 1816 to 1820 he studied physics and mathematics at the University of Kharkiv in the second largest city in Ukraine. In 1820 his teacher Timofei Fedorowitsch Ossipowski (1765-1832) was suspended for religious reasons. At that time, with the appointment (1816) of Prince Alexander Fyodorowitsch Galitzin as Minister of Education, a reaction against liberal tendencies began. Ossipowski was officially accused of not having pronounced a divine formula convincingly enough in a doctoral examination. Ostrogradski was then supposed to repeat the doctoral examination he had already passed under Ossipowski, but refused and never received a doctorate. Instead, he went to the then leading mathematical center in Europe in Paris , where he studied at the Sorbonne and the Collège de France from 1822 to 1826 . His teachers were Pierre-Simon Laplace , Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier , Adrien-Marie Legendre , Siméon Denis Poisson , Jacques Philippe Marie Binet and Augustin Louis Cauchy .
In 1828 he returned to Saint Petersburg and became an associate member of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the basis of three papers submitted on the theory of heat and analysis , and in 1855 he became a full member. In 1831 he provided a formal proof of the Gaussian integral theorem , which is why it is also called Gauss-Ostrogradski's theorem . He wrote textbooks that were widely used in Russia at the time and founded a school of theoretical mechanics in Saint Petersburg. He was mainly concerned with mathematical physics such as hydrodynamics and elasticity theory, mechanics (a treatise from 1840 began the study of ballistics in Russia), with partial and ordinary differential equations and algebraic functions and their integrals in the successor of Niels Henrik Abel .
In St. Petersburg he held lectures at the Naval Academy from 1828 (he was a professor at the Military Engineering University ) and he also gave lectures at the Pedagogical University (1832) and the Institute of Communication. In 1834 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 1856 to the Académie des sciences . From 1847 he supervised mathematics classes in Russian military schools.
Web links
- John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson : Michail Wassiljewitsch Ostrogradski. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .
Individual evidence
- ^ Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724: Ostrogradski, Michail Wassiljewitsch. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed January 29, 2020 (Russian).
- ^ List of members since 1666: Letter O. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 29, 2020 (French).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ostrogradski, Michail Wassiljewitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ostrohradskyj, Mychajlo Wassiljowytsch; Ostrogradskij, Michail Vasil'evič; Ostrogradsky, Michael |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian-Ukrainian mathematician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 24, 1801 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Poltava |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 1, 1862 |
| Place of death | Poltava |