Abhidhammapitaka

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The Abhidhamma ( pali ; Sanskrit abhidharma ) is the third part (pali pitaka 'basket') of the Buddhist Pali canon . The teachings of the Buddha and his main students receive a psychological and philosophical foundation and formulation in this work. Abhidhamma actually means the higher Dhamma , since the Abhidhamma teaches in terms of ultimate reality ( paramattha dhamma ). The Abhidhamma is based on the Buddha's empirical knowledge, which is systematically arranged here. It is the sobering and ultimately liberating view of things as they really are that the Buddha acquired through calm insight-wisdom meditation ( samatha-vipassana ).

The Seven Books of the Abhidhamma Piṭaka

  • Dhammasaṅgaṇī : an analytical representation of the world that can be experienced, i.e. H. of matter and consciousness. This work is divided into four "books", which are preceded by a plan (mātika) : 1st book: " Processes of consciousness", 2nd book: "Physicality", 3rd book: "Summary", 4th book: "Commentary". In 1950 the first German translation of the Dhs, made by the venerable Nyanaponika, appeared in Hamburg as a hectographed small edition. In 2011 the translation of the German monk Santuṭṭho was published by Michael Zeh Verlag Berlin. In 2017 the first edition of the classic work in translation by the venerable Nyanaponika was published by the Abhidhamma Förderverein eV
  • Vibhaṅga : Treatises on the various points of the doctrine, such as: the five aspects of existence (khandhā) , the physical foundations of the six kinds of consciousness, the physical and psychological elements, the four sacred truths, the twenty-two faculties, the dependent origination (paṭiccasamuppāda) , the four right efforts, the four pillars of contemplation, the four foundations of magical powers, the seven links of enlightenment, the eightfold path, the deepenings (jhāna) , the four immeasurables, the moral rules, the four analytical knowledge (paṭisambhidā) , that Knowledge.
  • Dhātukathā : Discussion of the eighteen elements or factors of psychophysical processes: organ of vision, form (light wave), visual awareness; Hearing organ, sound (wave), hearing awareness; Olfactory organ, smell, olfactory awareness; Organ of taste, taste, taste consciousness; Organ of touch, tangible, tactile consciousness; Spirit, imaginable, spiritual awareness.
  • Puggala-Paññatti : description of individuals according to their salient traits. This work is also preceded by a basic scheme (mātika) . Then the "characters" are described as one to ten representations.
  • Kathavatthu : Discussions about controversial points of the doctrine and about the heresies of the 17 sects existing in the second century after Buddha (see Dīpavaṃsa ) This book was written by Moggaliputta-Tissa Thera and published at the third council of Pataliputtam, convened by King Ashoka , circa 253 BC. Chr., Presented.
  • Paṭṭhāna : about the emergence of material and mental states according to the 24 conditions of dependence, such as: root, object, adjoining, co-arising, occasion and kamma condition, etc. The most important part of the Paṭṭhāna, Paccayaniddesa and Kusalattika Pañhāvāra, lies in German translation by Ayya Agganyani and was published in 2015 by the Abhidhamma-Förderverein eV.

Three works of the Sariputta

In the later understanding, the Abhidhammapitaka is a detailed and systematic penetration and representation of all the topics and things that are found scattered in the Suttapiṭaka . Because Sāriputta , one of the two main disciples of the Buddha, was known for his analytical talent, his penetrating logic and ability for systematic exposition, the following three works are traditionally ascribed to him:

  • the Niddesa ,
  • the Paṭisambhidāmagga (is, however, assigned to the Sutta-Piṭaka) and
  • the Shariputra-Abhidharma-Shastra (only in Chinese translation from Sanskrit).

Abhidharmakosha

The Abhidharmakosha ("Treasury of Abhidharma") is an Abhidharma literature of the Sarvastivadin which differs in content from the Abhidhammapitaka of the Theravadins .

literature

  • Agganyani. Paṭṭhāna - conditional connections. Abhidhamma Association 2015 (see web links).
  • Nyanatiloka : Dhammasaṅgaṇī - The listing of the phenomena Abhidhamma Association 2017 (see web links).
  • Nyanatiloka : Puggala Paññatti - The Book of Characters. Oskar Schloß Verlag, Munich-Neubiberg 1910, (for the first time in German).
  • Nyanatiloka : Handbook of Buddhist Philosophy. Abhidhammattha-Sangaha. Commentary on the Abhidhamma. Abhidhamma Association 2014 (see web links)
  • Nyanaponika : Abhidhamma Studies. The Buddhist exploration of consciousness and time. Michael Zeh Verlag / Theravadanetz 2006
  • Nyanaponika : guide through the Abhidhamma Pitaka. Michael Zeh Verlag 2013. ISBN 978-3-937972-21-3
  • Santuṭṭho Bhikkhu (transl.): Puggala Paññatti - The Description of People Self-published, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-00-053570-3 .
  • Ashin Janakabhivamsa : Abhidhamma in daily practice. Zeh, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-937972-16-9 .
  • Anagarika Govinda : The dynamics of the mind: the psychological attitude of the early Buddhist philosophy and its systematic representation according to the tradition of Abhidhamma. Barth, Berlin et al. 1992, ISBN 3-502-61234-X .
  • Caroline Augusta Foley Rhys Davids ([1900], 2003). Buddhist Manual of Psychological Ethics, of the Fourth Century BC, Being a Translation, now made for the First Time, from the Original Pāli, of the First Book of the Abhidhamma-Piṭaka , entitled Dhamma-Sangaṇi (Compendium of States or Phenomena) . Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-4702-9 . Digitized

Web links