Adessive

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The adessive (from Latin adesse : to be present) is a grammatical local case that expresses the position in the vicinity of an object. He was one of the secondary local cases in Old Lithuanian , for example jūraip (i) (by the sea), tėviep (i) (with the father), this fact is now expressed with prepositional phrases , such as prie jūros (by the sea, also: to the sea, cf. . Allative ), pas tėvą (with the father, also: to the father).

Secondarily, this case can also express the agent of an action.

In Finno-Ugric languages

The function of the adessive corresponds to the prepositions auf, an, bei (in Finnish and Estonian) and bei (in Hungarian). In Finnish and Estonian, the adessive is used to describe haben because the Finno-Ugric languages ​​don't know a real verb haben .

Finnish

In Finnish , the adessive ends in -lla or -llä. The ending is based on the vowel harmony .

Example: meillä "with us"

In Finnish, the adessive expresses the missing verb to have.

Example: Minulla on vuode. "I have a bed."

Estonian

In Estonian the ending is -l or -tel or -del in the plural.

Examples

  • maal "in the country"
  • laud "table" → laual "on the table"

In Estonian as well as in Finnish, the adessive expresses the missing verb “have”.

Example: Mul on poeg. "I have a son."

Hungarian

In Hungarian , the adessive ends in -nál or -nél. The ending is based on the vowel harmony .

Example: fánál "by the tree".

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