Administration de la Dette Publique ottoman

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Ottoman Debt Administration building, now Istanbul High School

The Administration de la Dette Publique Ottoman ( Ottoman دیون ومومیهٔ عثمانیه اداره سی İA düyūn-ı ʿumūmīye-ʾi ʿOs̠mānīye idāresi , German 'Ottoman State Debt Administration ' ) was founded in 1881 by the seven most important European powers after the Ottoman Empire stopped its debt payments in 1875 and declared national bankruptcy . It had borrowed from other European countries and became over-indebted . The head office of the debt administration was located in Istanbul in a building built according to plans by Alexandre Vallaury and Raimondo D'Aronco .

background

The Ottoman Empire signed a free trade agreement with Great Britain in 1838 . This meant that local, traditionally produced goods had to compete with British, industrially produced and thus cheaper goods. In the course of time, the financial dependence on the West increased through further surrenders . In 1854 the first of fifteen foreign loans was taken out. In order to cope with further financial crises, the state continued to borrow. In 1875 followed insolvency . Government bonds could only be serviced with half the interest and compound interest. Finally, by the so-called Muharram Decree of December 20, 1881, the Conseil d'Administration de la Dette Publique Ottomane ( düyūn-ı ʿumūmīye-ʾi ʿOs̠mānīye meclis-i idāresi , 'Administrative Council of the Ottoman National Debts ') was founded.

France was the largest creditor with a share of 40%, followed by England with 29%, the Netherlands with 7.6%, Belgium with 7.2% and the German Reich with 4.7%.

Debt management was completely controlled by a European banking consortium under British-French leadership. It administered the revenues from important taxes of the Ottoman Empire and used them to repay the debt. These were taxes on the monopolies for tobacco, salt and alcohol, the taxes on fish in Istanbul, on fish and silk in Bursa , revenue from stamps and the annual taxes of several provinces.

In the predominantly agrarian Ottoman Empire, numerous economic sectors came under the control of foreign financial institutions. As a result and through the repayments of debts, the Ottoman reformers lost economic policy leeway. The Ottoman Empire was unable to catch up with the major European powers.

Today the Istanbul High School is located in the building of the former State Debt Administration .

literature

  • Heiko Schuß, Dieter Weiss, Steffen Wippel (eds.): Economic culture and institutions in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. A comparison of institutional and cultural studies approaches to explain economic development . Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-89930-200-4
  • Şevket Pamuk : The Ottoman Empire and European capitalism 1820–1913. Trade, investment and production . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-33194-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cengiz Günay: The history of Turkey. From the beginnings of modernity until today. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-8252-3301-3 , p. 63.
  2. ↑ Cevdet Kucuk, Tevfik Ertüzün: Düyûn-ı Umûmiyye. In: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Volume 10, TDV Yayınları, Istanbul 1994, pp. 58-62 (58).
  3. ↑ Introduction to the history of the Islamic countries: State reforms in the Ottoman Empire (PDF; 111 kB), p. 11.
  4. ↑ Klaus Kreiser: Brief history of Turkey . Reclam, 2008, ISBN 978-3-15-010678-5 , p. 336.
  5. ↑ Klaus Kreiser: The Ottoman State 1300-1922. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58588-9 , p. 43.
  6. ↑ Bernard Lewis: Duyun-i'Umūmiyye. In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Volume 2, Brill, Leiden 1991, p. 677 f. (677).
  7. ^ Gregor Schöllgen: Imperialism and balance: Germany, England and the oriental question 1871-1914. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2000, ISBN 978-3-486-52003-3 , p. 38.
  8. ↑ Gregor Schöllgen: The Age of Imperialism . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2000, ISBN 978-3-486-49784-7 , p. 61 f.