Alkyl phenols
The alkyl phenols are a family of organic compounds made by the alkylation of phenols . The term is commonly used for the commercially important alkylphenols such propylphenols , Butylphenols , amyl phenols , hexylphenols , heptylphenols , Octylphenols , nonylphenols and dodecylphenols used. A distinction is "long-chain alkylphenols" (English. Long chain alkyl phenol , LCAP and "short-chain alkylphenols" s) (English. Short chain alkyl phenol , SCAP s). The methylphenols ( cresols ), the dimethylphenols ( xylenols ) and the ethylphenols also count among the alkylphenols.
Short-chain alkylphenols (SCAP)
The short-chain alkylphenols comprise a group of alkylphenols with up to 3 additional carbon atoms outside the phenol structure as side chain (s).
A total of 35 phenols from the following subgroups belong to the SCAP:
- C0: phenol (1 isomer)
- C1: cresols (3 isomers)
- C2: dimethylphenols (6 isomers); Ethylphenols (3 isomers)
- C3: trimethylphenols (6 isomers); Ethylmethylphenols (10 isomers); n- propylphenols (3 isomers); iso- propylphenols (3 isomers)
The introduction of the SCAP group was done with the aim of differentiating the phenols that occur together in cases of environmental damage from other phenols with different properties and from other sources. SCAPs occur in almost all products or by-products from the refining of fossil fuels. They are also part of crude oil and gasoline, but not part of unrefined coal.
It is believed that up to 3000 cases of groundwater damage can be derived in the EU in which SCAP occur.
See also
literature
- Steffi Fischer, Tobias Licha, Ekaterina Markelova: Transport behavior of short-chain alkylphenols (SCAP) in groundwater and in the environment , in: Groundwater , June 2014, Volume 19, Issue 2, pp. 119–126 ( doi: 10.1007 / s00767-013-0233 -5 ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Licha T. & Sauter M. (2002): Use of Short Chained Alkylphenols (SCAP) in Analysis of Transport Behavior of Oil Contaminated Groundwater , Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences 7 (2): pp. 29-37; doi: 10.24200 / jams.vol7iss2pp29-37 .
- ↑ Licha T. (2002): Short chained alkylphenols (SCAP) in groundwater - Chemical Analysis, Adsorption Mechanism and Field Cases , dissertation, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 194 pp. ( PDF )
