Ammon (state)

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Ammon was a family from about 1030 BC. BC to 110 BC Existing state east of the Jordan between Gilead in the north, the border was mostly formed by the Nahr ez-Zarqa river , and Moab in the south with changing borders between lines north of the city of Madaba and the Wadi Mujib .

Rabbat-Ammon was the capital of the country, which was still supplied with plenty of rainfall . The name of the city later after the conquest by Alexander the Great (331 BC) and his Lagidic and Seleucid successors in the Hellenistic and Roman epochs was "Philadelphia"; today it is the Jordanian Amman .

The Semitic Ammonites are mentioned frequently in the Bible. They belong to the Canaanite tribes. Their royal names attest to a relationship between their pantheon and the Ugaritic .

In the first half of the 1st millennium BC the language in Ammon was its own Ammonite language , which was probably replaced by Aramaic in the second half .

List of the kings of the Ammonites

  • Nachasch (approx. 1030–1000 BC, contemporary of King Saul )
  • Hanun (approx. 1000–995 BC)
  • Sobi
  • Ba'sha (around 853 BC)
  • Schanip or Sanibu (around 733 BC, mentioned in a tribulist Tiglat-Pileser III. )
  • Padael ("El hath redeemed") (approx. 700–677 BC)
  • Kabuz Gabriella (680 BC)
  • Barak-el (ca.675 BC)
  • Amminadab I. ("Amm is generous"), father of Hissilel (approx. 650 BC)
  • Hissilel ("El hath saved") (approx. 640–630 BC)
  • Amminadab II, son of Hissilel (approx. 600 BC), the last three mentioned kings are attested by the Tell Siran inscription found in 1973
  • Baalis / Baaljischa (approx. 590–585 BC), recorded on a jug stopper in Tell el-Umayri, Jordan
  • Tobiah I. (around 580 BC)
  • Tobiah II (around 520 BC)
  • Tobiah III.
  • Tobiah IV. (Ca.270 BC)
  • Tobiah V (c. 200 BC)
  • Timothy (until 160 BC)
  • Hyrcanus (around 150 BC)
  • Zoilus Cotylas (Tyrant of Philadelphia) (120–110 BC)
  • Theodoros (tyrant of Philadelphia)

literature

  • Pierre Bordreuil: A long common history with Israel. In: World and Environment of the Bible. Stuttgart 1978, no. 7, pp. 20-22. ISSN  1431-2379
  • Ulrich Hübner: The Ammonites. Investigations into the history, culture and religion of a Transjordan people in the 1st millennium BC Chr. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1992. ISBN 3-447-03275-8
  • Fawzi Zayadine: Biblical Traditions and Archaeological Discoveries. In: World and Environment of the Bible. Stuttgart 1978, H. 7, pp. 31-34. ISSN  1431-2379