Ammonolysis

Ammonolysis is a reaction analogous to hydrolysis , which is used industrially for the production of amines from ammonia and an alcohol . Usually a mixture of primary , secondary and tertiary amines is obtained, which has to be separated by distillation or extraction .

${\displaystyle \mathrm {R{-}OH+NH_{3}\ {\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{Kat.}}\ R{-}NH_{2}+R_{2}NH+R_{3}N} }$

Instead of the alcohols, alkyl halides can also be subjected to ammonolysis.

The aminolysis of an ester (left) with an amine (R ³ –NH ₂ ) yields an amide (carboxamide) and the alcohol (R ² –OH)

The reaction of ammonia with acid halides , acid anhydrides or esters leads to acid amides and is also called ammonolysis.

Aminolysis

Analogous reactions with amines instead of ammonia lead to N -substituted acid amides.

See also

• Nucleophilic substitution

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, p. 79.