Anisogamy
Anisogamy ( ancient Greek ἄνισος ánisos "unequal", γάμος gámos "marriage, marriage": unequal marriage) describes a marriage rule in ethnosociology that prefers or prescribes marriages outside of one's own socio-economic status group , the partner can or should be from another social class , class or other Caste come. The opposite is the isogamous marriage of a partner with the same status or within one's own social class.
Anisogamy occurs in two forms:
- Hypergamy : The husband has a higher social status, the woman marries in his group “up” (under certain circumstances the man marries “down”).
- Hypogamy: The woman has a higher social status, the man marries “up” in her group (the woman may marry “down”).
Hyper- and hypogamous rules can affect men and women differently, depending on the respective rules of descent and the degree of stratification of society, as well as on the perception of certain social groups and strata, whether the husband's or wife's family is viewed as being of higher rank.
Like all rules of marriage, anisogamy can be found in two forms:
- as preference (preferential): status differences are only recommended, spouses with the same status are not rejected or their status changed;
- As a rule (prescriptive): An appropriate status difference is required as a basic condition of a marital union.
Anisogamous marriage rules are on the one hand directed outwards ( exogamous ), since the spouse is or should be sought outside of one's own status group or social class. On the other hand, they work together with inwardly directed rules ( endogamous) , for example the spouse should fundamentally belong to their own local or religious or ethnic community.
Their actual marriage practice can deviate from the anisogamous rule of a group , and conversely, anisogamous marriage behavior can be found in communities even though they do not have a corresponding marriage rule in moral , religious or legal form.
See also
- Social rise
- Mesalliance (marriage between different social classes)
- Morganatic marriage (left-hand marriage among the nobility)
- Homogamy and heterogamy (choice of partner based on equality / diversity)
- Residence rules (matrimonial residence rules)
Web links
- Helmut Lukas, Vera Schindler, Johann Stockinger: Anisogamie. In: Online Interactive Glossary: Marriage, Marriage, and Family. Institute for Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1997, accessed on April 6, 2014 (in-depth remarks on marriage rules, with references).
- Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek: Anisogamy. (PDF; 853 kB) In: Introduction to the forms of social organization. Part 3/5, Institute for Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Vienna, 2011, pp. 101-102 , archived from the original on October 17, 2013 ; accessed on April 6, 2014 (52 pages; documents for your lecture in the summer semester 2011).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lukas, Schindler, Stockinger: Anisogamie. In: Online Interactive Glossary: Marriage, Marriage, and Family. University of Vienna, 1997, accessed April 6, 2014 .
- ^ Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek: Anisogamie. (PDF; 853 kB) In: Introduction to the forms of social organization. Part 3/5, University of Vienna, 2011, pp. 101–102 , archived from the original on October 17, 2013 ; accessed on April 6, 2014 : “Anisogamy is understood to be a marriage relationship between people of different social status or social class. (cf. SEYMOUR-SMITH 1986: p.13 and BARNARD / SPENCER 1997: p.595) […] Hypergamy: Here the groom has a higher social status - Hypogamy: here the bride has a higher social status. [...] " .
- ↑ Lukas, Schindler, Stockinger: Preferential Anisogamie. In: Online Interactive Glossary: Marriage, Marriage, and Family. University of Vienna, 1997, accessed April 6, 2014 .
- ↑ Lukas, Schindler, Stockinger: Prescriptive Anisogamie. In: Online Interactive Glossary: Marriage, Marriage, and Family. University of Vienna, 1997, accessed April 6, 2014 .