Antheia (Thrace)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Atija peninsula and Bakarlak mountain in the background from the sea
Location of Antheia on the south bank of the Bay of Burgas

Antheia ( Greek  Ἄνθεια ) was an ancient place on the western Black Sea coast in the Bay of Burgas , Bulgaria .

location

The settlement is located on the Atija peninsula ( Bulgarian Атия ), which lies between the present-day bays of Wromos and Atija, about 2 km northwest of present-day Chernomorets . About 10 km southeast is Sozopol , the ancient Apollonia . Today the Nato naval base Burgas Naval Base is located on the peninsula , which is why it is a restricted military area. Not far from there is the village of Atija .

history

During the course of the Greek colonization of the Black Sea in the late 7th and early 6th centuries BC The place was founded by Greeks from Miletus and Phokaia . All the finds made in the area of ​​the settlement date from archaic times, from which it can be concluded that the place was abandoned again early on. The place was apparently only an Apoikia and never achieved the status of a polis , it was possibly merged with Apollonia by Synoikismos . Pliny reports that Antheia was in the area of ​​the Astiki, where Apollonia is today. The interpretation of this passage that Antheia was an earlier name of Apollonia is based on a misunderstanding.

From Antheia comes the statue of a headless archaic kouros (around 550-540 BC) and archaic pottery. In 1927 a hoard of arrowheads from the 5th century BC was found there. BC, which are interpreted as a premonetary form of money.

In the Middle Ages, the Athia peninsula was repopulated. At its highest point are the sparse remains of a medieval fortress.

literature

  • Gustav Hirschfeld : Antheia 5 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume I, 2, Stuttgart 1894, Col. 2362.
  • Benjamin H. Isaac: The Greek settlements in Thrace until the Macedonian conquest. Brill, Leiden 1986, ISBN 90-04-06921-6 , pp. 240-241.
  • Peter Soustal: Thrace (Thrace, Rhodope and Haimimontos). (= Tabula Imperii Byzantini 6.) Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7001-1898-8 , p. 179.
  • Jan de Boer: Apollonia Pontica and its Emporia, Ports of Trade ?. In: Murielle Faudot et al. a. (Ed.): Pont-Euxin et commerce. La genèse de la "route de la soie". Actes du IXe Symposium de Vani (Colchide), 1999. Presses Universitaires Franc-Comptoises, Besançon 2002, ISBN 2-84627-079-1 , pp. 130-131.
  • Mogens Herman Hansen, Thomas Heine Nielsen: An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-814099-1 , p. 929.
  • Manfred Oppermann : Characteristics of the Greek colonization on the western Pontus. In: Eurasia Antiqua 11 (2005), pp. 5–10.
  • Manfred Oppermann: Thracians, Greeks and Romans on the west coast of the Black Sea. Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3739-7 , p. 8.
  • Alexandre Baralis: Presentation générale de l'histoire et de la topographie d'Apollonia. In: Antoine Hermary (ed.): Apollonia du Pont (Sozopol). La nécropole de Kalfata (Ve-IIIe s. Av. J.- C.). Fouilles franco-bulgares (2002-2004). Errance, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-87772-424-1 . P. 13. 16 Fig. 5 (aerial photo with the location of Antheia). ( Full text ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stephanos Byzantios : Ethnika sv Ἄνθεια: Antheia is also a city on the Black Sea in Thrace, a colony of the Milesians and Phocas, which many mention, including Phileas .
  2. ↑ Gocha R. Tsetskhladze: Greek colonization of the Black Sea Area. In: Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Ed.): The Greek Colonization of the Black Sea Area. Historical Interpretation of Archeology. Steiner, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-515-07302-7 , p. 16.
  3. ↑ Oppermann 2005, p. 5; Oppermann 2007, p. 8.
  4. ↑ Pliny: Naturalis historia 4, 45: Astice regio habuit oppidum Anthium, nunc est Apollonia .
  5. ↑ Georgi Mihailow: Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria repertae. Volume 1. Editio altera emendata: Inscriptiones orae Ponti Euxini. Sofia 1970, pp. 343-344 (with the older literature); Isaak 1986, p. 241, note 170.
  6. ^ Gisela MA Richter : Kouroi. Archaic Greek youths. A study of the development of the kouros type in Greek sculpture. 3. Edition. Phaidon, London 1970. No. 124c, Figs. 620-623; Oppermann 2007, pp. 8–9 Fig. 3a-b.
  7. ↑ Peter Balabanov: Nouvelle étude des monnaies-pointes de flèche de la peninsule d'Athia. In: Le Mer Noire et le monde mediterranéen. Premier symposium international. (= Thracia Pontica 1.) Jambol, Sofia 1982, pp. 40-55.
  8. ^ B. Dimitrov, in: Balgarski srednovekovni gradove i kreposti. ( Bulgarian Medieval Cities and Fortresses. ) Volume 1. Sofia; Warna 1981, pp. 431-432; Soustal 1991, p. 179.

Coordinates: 42 ° 27 '  N , 27 ° 35'  E