Antilogy
Antilogy (Greek ἀντιλογία: contradiction, contradiction) describes as a term of rhetoric a contradiction that lies in the words or concepts of a statement. In a narrower sense, it describes parts of the rhetorical method used by ancient skeptics to always show the opposing position as justified. In the sense of formal logic , antilogy is also used synonymously with falsum (Latin: the wrong) and thus as a counter-term to tautology (which is true under every truth value assignment) and describes a propositional function that always gives the value false regardless of its arguments. The simplest functions of this type are the monadic and dyadic antilogs (which have only one and two arguments, respectively).
Antilogy should not be confused with antilogism , the alternative to classical syllogistics proposed by Christine Ladd-Franklin (the basic idea is not with two premises and a conclusion, but always with three mutually contradicting statements - the original premises and the negation of the original conclusion - to operate, so that the order and distribution to people is irrelevant).
Concept history
The skeptical abstention from judgment was justified by defending a contradicting thesis as justified to the same degree. In this sense, the word is used to designate the skeptical method in Protagoras (who wrote a non-handed work called Antilogiai, whose relativistic concept of truth is prominently criticized by Plato in Protagoras ), Plutarch , Diogenes Laertius and others. a. As a method without a skeptical direction (sometimes less specific in the sense of the principle in utrumque partem , which - prominently represented by Aristotle - requires always considering the opposite side) writings by Theophrast , Cicero and Karneades are the most important evidence.
See also
literature
Antilogy in antiquity
- M. Emsbach: Sophistics as enlightenment. Investigations on Protagoras , 1980.
- E. Heitsch : A book title by Protagoras , in: Hermes. Z. class. Philol. 97 (1969)
- M. Untersteiner: Studi sulla sofistica. Le Antilogie di Protagora , in: Antiquitas 1947–1950, 2-5
- A. Weische : Art. Antilogie, I. , in: Historical dictionary of philosophy, Bd. 1, 392
- A. Weische: Cicero and the New Academy. On the origin and history of ancient skepticism , 2nd edition, Münster, Westphalia 1975.
Antilogy in formal logic
- Albert Menne : Art. Antilogie, II. , In: Historical dictionary of philosophy , Bd. 1, 392
- Joseph M. Bochenski / Albert Menne: Floor plan of logistics , Paderborn: Schöningh 1965, 25. 32.
- Albert Menne: On the step coupling of monadic bivalent functors , in: Albert Menne / Alexander Wilhelmy / Helmut Angstl: Controlled thinking. Investigations into the logic calculus and the logic of the individual sciences. Freiburg i.Br. - Munich: Alber 1951.