Performance turnover

The amount of energy that the organism uses for work activities beyond the basal metabolic rate is defined as the output (also called labor ) .

General

In contrast to physics, the performed power is usually not given in watts , but in kJ / day (previously also kcal / day).

detection

The following applies to the total daily energy requirement:

{\ displaystyle total turnover = basal turnover + performance turnover}

.

With

{\ displaystyle performance turnover = \ left (PAL-1 \ right) \ cdot basal metabolic rate}

surrendered

{\ displaystyle total turnover = PAL \ cdot basal turnover}

.

The basal metabolic rate is around 8.4 MJ / day. With hard work, a total turnover of up to 20 MJ / day is achieved. Maximum performance on individual days can be up to 50 MJ / day.

PAL factors

Since the amount of daily muscle work is very different, in nutritional science people are divided into five groups according to their physical activity, which are characterized by so-called PAL factors ( stands for English Physical Activity Level , "level of physical activity") : ${\ displaystyle PAL}$

PAL factors in various activities
PAL factor	activity	Examples
0.95	sleep	-
1.2	only sitting or lying down	read, watch TV, old, frail people
1.4-1.5	almost exclusively sitting, few leisure activities	Desk activity
1.6-1.7	predominantly sitting, with additional standing / walking activities	Drivers, students, laboratory assistants
1.8-1.9	predominantly standing / walking activity	Salespeople, waiters, craftsmen, housewives
2.0-2.4	physically demanding job	Miners, farmers, forest workers, high-performance athletes

When running , an energy requirement of around 3 to 4 kJ (0.7 to 1 kcal) per kilogram of body weight and kilometer covered is assumed, while normal walking is around 2 kJ (0.5 kcal) per kilogram of body weight and kilometer covered. For comparison: the basal metabolic rate is around 4 kJ (1 kcal) per hour and kilogram of body weight.

literature

Reference values for nutrient intake , joint work of the German, Austrian and Swiss Nutrition Societies, Umschau Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3829571143

Web links

Interactive energy demand calculation from the University of Hohenheim

Individual evidence

^ Robert Schmidt: Physiology compact . Edition 3 Berlin: Springer 1999. ISBN 978-3540413462
↑ Wolfgang Keidel: Briefly summarized textbook of physiology. Edition 5, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1979, ISBN 978-3133586047 , p. 13.7
↑ These values were taken from the Hohenheim University's energy demand calculator and apply regardless of gender, age and weight. At a running speed of 12 km / h, the power conversion is 3.75 KJ per kilogram of body weight and kilometer covered, at a running speed of 17 km / h it is 3.35 KJ per kilogram of body weight and kilometer covered and when walking at 4 km / h it is 2.0 kJ per kilogram of body weight and kilometer covered. The corresponding hourly performance turnover per kilogram of body weight is 45 KJ at 12 km / h, 57 KJ at 17 km / h and 8 KJ at 4 km / h.

[1] Robert Schmidt: Physiology compact . Edition 3 Berlin: Springer 1999. ISBN 978-3540413462

[2] Wolfgang Keidel: Briefly summarized textbook of physiology. Edition 5, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1979, ISBN 978-3133586047 , p. 13.7

[3] These values were taken from the Hohenheim University's energy demand calculator and apply regardless of gender, age and weight. At a running speed of 12 km / h, the power conversion is 3.75 KJ per kilogram of body weight and kilometer covered, at a running speed of 17 km / h it is 3.35 KJ per kilogram of body weight and kilometer covered and when walking at 4 km / h it is 2.0 kJ per kilogram of body weight and kilometer covered. The corresponding hourly performance turnover per kilogram of body weight is 45 KJ at 12 km / h, 57 KJ at 17 km / h and 8 KJ at 4 km / h.